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carrying wallets, people pay with their phones.

In the past, people paid in cash, but now is widely used.

For example, smartphones in our daily lives.

Today, online shopping has become popular activity.

When the first humans to leave their homes over 100,000 years ago in of new places to live and better sources of food, they did it on foot. Humans continued walking across the globe for the next 94,000 years, about 6,000 years ago when a number of important changes took place. For instance, in the Asian country of Kazakhstan, people started to ride horses. this meant that people could travel further and faster, transporting large amounts of goods was still a difficult job. That all, however, a few hundred years later with the invention of the wheel.

Who first invented the wheel? We will never know for sure, but the inventors first used wheels to make pottery. Later, they realized that they could also use them to transport people and things. They soon wheels to horse-pulled vehicles. Farmers were suddenly able to transport their goods to markets far away. This invention increased national and trade.

The wheel changed the way villages, towns and even countries did with each other, but it wasn't perfect. The roads were old walking paths.

For example, when planning a journey, you need to o everything and make budgets for expenses (费用)—like calculating how much money to spend on train tickets, hotel stays and meals, and so on. Numbers also help us r information clearly, such as showing population change in a graph. Without numbers, our lives would be c different, with no way to count, plan, or share key information.

When you practice it, you need to move your arms, your legs, your shoulders and your neck often. So if you practice often, it's good for your health. Taijiquan is also an art. People play it to the soft music. It can make you relaxed and calm. You will enjoy yourself when you play it. Taijiquan is one of the items of China's National Intangible Cultural Heritage (非物质文化遗产).

Taijiquan is also a kind of wushu. You use your hands to pull and push, you use your legs to move, and you use your shoulders to get out of the way of danger.

Now Taijiquan is not only famous in China, but also in other countries. Why not turn on the music and play Taijiquan with me now?

A. Taijiquan is a kind of sport.

B. More and more foreign people enjoy playing Taijiquan.

C. It's popular with old people in China.

D. It isn't so quick as common wushu, but it is also strong and powerful.

E. Besides (除……之外) being a sport, it's also like dancing.

A Chinese research team has developed 3D printing techniques that can create clothes with the ability to change temperatures. The technology they used makes materials change with the environment. The team placed an object in the clothing that could be transformed (转换). It also absorbs (吸收) or gives off heat depending on the wearer's body temperature. Zhang Yongyi, a Chinese Academy of Sciences researcher, said it was the first time such clothing had been made using a controllable 3D printing method.

Scientists in South Korea have developed a kind of wearable clothes that create electricity (电) as wearers keep moving. Of course, it doesn't take much time or effort for people. Wearers only need to move naturally to power small electronic objects. The inside of the clothes produces energy, which is then stored. Although the clothes have an electronic object built in, they feel completely normal. Kim Sang-Woo, a professor at Sungkyunkwan University, is proud of his team's development, saying, "It feels like a normal jacket."

In another amazing study, clothes could serve as devices (设备) themselves. A team of engineering students from the University of Washington, the US, have led these efforts by putting a special thing into cotton T-shirts. The clothing can then send messages that can be received by cellphones.

In Wuhan Gangcheng No. 4 Middle School, students ask questions to a 3D-animated Confucius (孔子). One student once asked, "Does ‘ren' (kindness) still matter in a world full of competition?" The digital Confucius smiled and explained how kindness helps people live together peacefully. This isn't magic—it's AI! Using tools like Jimeng (即梦AI) and Keling (可灵AI), teachers can turn flat textbook pictures into lively characters. These AI tools add details to old paintings, make the characters move, and even let them speak. For example, Aristotle can now explain logic with hand gestures, and Li Qingzhao (李清照) can recite her poems with gentle expressions.

AI isn't just fun. It's changing how we study. In Nanjing's Stone Shadow Art Museum, AI turns ancient Chinese paintings into modern art styles. When visitors use a special flashlight, ink-and-wash mountains become colorful impressionist scenes. This mix of old and new helps us understand culture better. In classrooms, AI helps students learn at their own pace. A smart system can give students different learning materials based on their questions. An AI wrong-answer notebook (AI错题本) finds mistakes and makes practice plans. In a history class about the Maya civilization (玛雅文明), students explore how climate change affected cities through AI-made videos. "History isn't just dates anymore," says student Wu Boyu. "It's like touching the past."

However, there are problems. Some people use AI to change history characters in bad ways. We need rules to stop this. Also, while AI helps us learn, teachers remind us not to forget the human side of learning—like sharing ideas face-to-face. Looking ahead, AI will do more. Students might use AI to understand art or create digital exhibitions. As one teacher says, "Technology isn't the goal. It's a way to help every student shine."

From old books to smart screens, learning is always evolving. With AI, textbook characters aren't just words anymore—they're friends who guide us through the amazing journey of knowledge.

About 2, 500 years ago, people in Rome used their hands to count. In Roman numerals, one finger means 1, two fingers mean 2, three fingers mean 3, four fingers means 4. If you want to say five, you can keep your four fingers close on one side and your thumb on the other side. Make both of your hands be five, then you'll have ten. So in Rome, I, II, III, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X. Also, "L"means fifty, "C" means one hundred, "D" means five hundred and "M" means one thousand. But there is no zero in Rome numerals. Today, few people use them because they are difficult to write and count. But we can still see them on some watches and clocks.

Today, most people use the Arabic numerals. They are easy to remember and write. They help people to count things every day. In fact, Indians first created and used the Arabic numerals. In the late 8th century, people in Arabic countries learned about them. Then the Arabic people took them into Europe. So people in Europe called them Arabic numerals. Today people around the world use Arabic numerals and they help a lot.

The Velcro TM strip was1 in Switzerland by a mountaineer called George de Mestral, and one day in 1948, when he took his dog for a walk, the dog picked up many burrs (芒). George tried to pull them out but didn't succeed. When he got home, he put one of the burrs under his microscope and saw that it was covered in tiny hooks (钩) which made it so2 to remove the burrs from his dog. This gave him the3, and soon Velcro TM strip was born.

The potato chip was invented in 1853 by George Crum, a4 who worked in a restaurant in America. One day, a customer in the restaurant sent back his plate of fried potatoes because they were cut too5. George was so angry that he cut a potato into very thin slices and fried them. Then he put lots of salt on them. He6 that the customer would hate them, but the customer loved them and asked for more.

The most7 drink in the world, after water of course, is tea. It's another common thing that was invented8. It was invented in China around 5,000 years ago by a Chinese emperor called Shen Nong. The emperor was boiling water to drink over an open fire when some leaves fell into the water from a nearby plant. The emperor9 that the leaves in the water produced a pleasant smell. He tasted the hot water and found it was quite delicious. And this is the10 that tea was invented.

After a while, the dish was given to the man. But he didn't like it3 he thought the potatoes were too thick and not crispy enough. So he sent4 back to the kitchen.

George Crum was the cook of that restaurant. After5 that, he cut the potatoes6 and sent them to that man again.7 the man still thought the potatoes were not thin enough. Crum got angry and decided8 him a lesson. He9 cut the potatoes much thinner and cooked them for a long time. After they became crispy, he put some salt on them10 served the new dish to the man personally.

To his11, the man liked the new dish very much. And many people wanted to try12, which began to appear on the menu13 "Saratoga Chips". Soon the potato chips became popular in14 world. Crum opened his own restaurant15 this kind of potato chips.