相关试卷
- 浙江省温州市瑞安六校2026年九年级上学期英语开学考试卷
- 浙江省绍兴市诸暨市部分学校2026年七年级上学期英语分班测试
- 浙江省义乌市稠州中学九年级上学期英语开学考试卷
- 浙江省义乌市宾王学校2026-2027学年九年级上学期9月阶段学情自测英语试题
- 浙江省温州市瑞安市安阳实验中学2026年九年级上学期开学考英语试卷
- 湖南长沙市长沙县第一中学圣和学校2026-2027学年八年级上学期第一次阶段学情自测英语试卷
- 湖南省长沙市一中初级中学2026-2027学年八年级上学期第一次阶段学情自测英语试卷
- 湖南长沙市长雅中学 2026-2027学年七年级上学期第一次阶段学情自测英语试卷
- 湖南省长沙市南雅中学2026-2027学年九年级上学期第一次月考英语试卷
- 湖南省岳阳市第十二中学2026年九年级上学期英语第一次学情调研卷
-
1、 阅读理解
Look around. Do you see your friends? Friends are people you like to be with. Your school playground is a good place to make friends. Ask someone new to play! If a child asks you to play, say "yes".
Friends make each other happy. Anna tells Alex a funny joke. Then Alex does a funny dance. That's what friends do. Friends help each other. Amy helps Jake with schoolwork. Jake helps Amy get the book in the bookcase. That is what friends do.
Sometimes a friend may feel sad. When Ben is sad, Lily makes him feel better. That's what friends do. Sometimes friends may get angry with each other. When that happens, they can talk about how they feel. Later, they can say, "I'm sorry." That's what friends do.
Sometimes friends also fight with each other. But it doesn't matter. They must learn to understand each other, or the friendship won't be long. Understanding is the most important in friendship. Everyone has the right to choose friends. Some may be our friends, and they may make friends with those we dislike. We shouldn't be sad when our friends do that.
(1)、Which place is good for children to make friends?A、
B、
C、
(2)、What does the underlined word "That" in Paragraph 2 refer to?A、Friends make each other laugh. B、Alex does a funny dance. C、Friends help each other.(3)、Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A、Friends never get angry or fight with each other. B、Understanding is very important for a long - lasting friendship. C、We should be sad when our friends make friends with those we dislike. -
2、 阅读理解
Mike's parents want him to do some housework every day. They want Mike to be more independent. Mike can learn some life skills and get some pocket money (零花钱) at the same time. These are the housework that he does.
Paid (有报偿) housework
Unpaid (无报偿) housework (Every day)
Monday
Do the dishes $1
Make the bed
Walk the dog
Set the table
Collect his own things
(toys, books, clothes...)
Tuesday
Sweep the floor $1
Wednesday
Take out the rubbish $1
Thursday
Help cook dinner $2
Friday
Wash clothes $2
Saturday
Clean the bathroom $3
Sunday
Wash the car $5
(1)、Mike's parents want him to be ____.A、smart B、happy C、independent(2)、Mike helps ____ and ____ on Tuesday.A、sweep the floor; set the table B、set the table; wash clothes C、cook dinner; walk the dog(3)、Mike can usually get ____ every week.A、$20 B、$15 C、$11 -
3、为深入贯彻爱国主义教育,坚定文化自信,培养英语学科核心素养,近期岳阳市第九中学将开展"用英语讲好中国故事"的活动。端午节是中华民族的传统节日,请根据以下信息写一篇英文文章介绍传统节日端午节。
内容包括:
1. When is the Dragon Boat Festival?
2. How do people celebrate it?
3. What do you think of it?
要求:
1.词数80-100(开头已给出,不计入总词数);
2.文中不得出现真实的姓名、校名等相关信息。
参考词汇:挂艾草hang mugwort 辟邪 keep evil spirits away 纪念honor
-
4、 阅读下面短文,根据短文内容回答问题或翻译画线部分。
Many Chinese people will wonder what presents to get for their moms on Mother's Day, but not many know Mother's Day is actually a festival from foreign countries. Mother's Day started in America and spread to China in the 1980s. Now it is widely accepted.
Why does a foreign festival become popular in China? That's probably because traditional Chinese culture always encourages love between parents and children. For example, the story of "Taste Medicine for Mother" tells us the filial(子女的) love of Emperor Wen of the Western Han Dynasty. His mother has been sick for three years. He often stayed up at her bedside and cared for her day and night. He tasted the medicine first before she drank it. The subject of "mother love" is also repeated in many Chinese ancient poems(诗), like "Song of the Parting Son(游子吟)" by Meng Jiao, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. Now this touching poem is still a must in the school textbooks. Children in China grow up with the education of filial love.
On special days, people often use roses or forget-me-nots to express love. People think carnations(康乃馨) are the perfect flowers for mothers around the world, but few of them know that China has its own for mothers — the tiger lily.
Love for mothers can have different ways of expression. What matters most is love, not the festival itself. What mothers truly want is perhaps just the expression of love from their children.
(1)、When did Mother's Day spread to China?(2)、Why does Mother's Day become popular in China?(3)、How do people express love on special days?(4)、Do you like Mother's Day?Why or why not?(5)、将短文中画线部分翻译成中文。 -
5、 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In the minds of the Chinese, the moon is connected gentleness and brightness, expressing their best wishes. On the 15th day of the 8th lunar month each year, the moon is full and it's time (celebrate) the Mid-Autumn Festival.
In Chinese (tradition) culture, the moon is a carrier of human feelings. In ancient times, from royalty to the ordinary family, it was an important custom to admire the full moon during the festival. Adults (normal) enjoyed delicious mooncakes with a cup of hot tea, while children ran around with bright lanterns. All these made people have a sense of (together) and happiness. After nightfall, whole families went out for a walk under the stars, looking up at the full moon and thinking of (they) relatives or friends, as well as those who were far from home.
Besides, with respect to the history of Chinese civilization, China is the (one) nation to have the dream of flying to the sky. From story of Chang'e to Dunhuang flying apsaras(飞天), all express Chinese ancestors'(祖先) wishes to explore(探索) outer space. Many ancient Chinese poets also wondered how they could show their love for the moon by using wonderful words. For example, the poet Li Bai wrote hundreds of poems about the moon during his lifetime. a great poet he is!
The successful launch(发射) of Chang'e 1 not only (lay) the ground-work(基础工作) for future exploration of the moon, but also made a long-held dream of the Chinese people come true.
-
6、 阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Once upon a time, there was a lazy, poor man living in a small house with spiderwebs(蜘蛛网) on the walls and mice running around. People 1 to come into such a dirty place and the poor man was lonely and sad every day. He thought it was poverty(贫穷) that 2 his unhappy life.
One day, the poor man visited a wise old man and asked him for 3 on how to change his life. Tho old man gave him a beautiful vase(花瓶) and said: "This is a magic vase that will bring you 4 ."
The poor man looked at the vase 5 . Why would he need a vase in his poor house? However, he didn't want to 6 such a beautiful vase, so he brought it home and put it on the table.
"It's not right for something so beautiful to be empty." The poor man looked at the vase and thought. Then he picked some 7 and put them into it, making it even more beautiful. 8 he was still not satisfied(满意). "It is not good for such a beautiful thing to stand next to a spiderweb." Then he started to do some 9 in the house and painted the walls. His house quickly turned into a comfortable place. The poor man cheered up. He suddenly realized that in the past it was his 10 that made him poor and unhappy. From then on, he worked hard and his life got better and better.
(1)A 、 agreed B 、 refused C 、 forgot(2)A 、 led to B 、 added to C 、 belonged to(3)A 、 money B 、 advice C 、 work(4)A 、 sadness B 、 happiness C 、 kindness(5)A 、 luckily B 、 normally C 、 surprisedly(6)A 、 throw away B 、 set up C 、 pay for(7)A 、 wildflowers B 、 fruits C 、 bottles(8)A 、 Because B 、 But C 、 So(9)A 、 shopping B 、 cleaning C 、 reading(10)A 、 health B 、 knowledge C 、 laziness -
7、 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中一项为多余选项。
Being polite can help people go a long way. Do you consider yourself a polite person? Or do you want to learn how to be more polite? The following suggestions can help you a lot in your daily life.
Always use "please" and "thank you". When you ask for something, remember to add "please". And when you receive something, say "thank you".
Be a patient listener. Don't cut in on others when they're having a conversation with someone else. It's more polite to wait till it's your turn to join the conversation, even when you disagree with them.
Make small talk wisely and properly. You may ask someone how his or her new job is going or if anything is new in his or her life. However, never ask too many personal questions. You should always make sure what you ask doesn't go too far.
I'm sure you don't like it when others laugh out loud when you make a mistake, so don't do the same thing to others. It is always good to treat others with kindness.
Don't judge(评判) others. Because everyone has their own life. We must learn to respect the lives of others.
How to be polite can't be finished overnight. You can start being more polite by paying attention to the above tips.
A. However, tell them at once.
B. It takes time and efforts.
C. Don't laugh at others if they make a mistake.
D. Instead, let them finish speaking and wait patiently.
E. Using these words is the first step in being a polite person.
-
8、 阅读理解
"Learning a language is easy. Even a child can do it!"
Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with the above sentences. For them, learning a language is a very difficult task. They need hundreds of hours to study and practice, and still that will not guarantee success for every adult language learner.
Language learning is different from other kinds of learning. Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find it difficult to succeed in language learning. However, some people who are successful language learners find it difficult to succeed in other fields.
Language teachers often offer advice to language learners: Read as much as you can in the new language; practice speaking the language every day; live with people who speak the language you want to learn; don't translate — try to think in the new language; learn as a child would learn — play with the language and so on.
But what does a successful language learner do? Language learning research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways.
First of all, successful language learners are independent learners.
Secondly, successful language learning is active learning.
Finally, successful language learners are learners with a purpose.
What kind of language learner are you? If you are a successful language learner, you have probably been learning independently, actively, and purposefully.
(1)、What does the underlined word "guarantee" mean in Paragraph 2?A、热爱 B、计划 C、保证(2)、Which of the following is NOT the advice from language teachers?A、Practice speaking the language every day. B、Play with children as often as possible. C、Try to think in the new language.(3)、Which of the following can be inferred(推断) from the passage?A、All the intelligent and successful people can learn language well. B、It is not easy for an adult to learn a second language. C、Learning a language in a dependent way is helpful.(4)、What is the best title for this passage?A、What Kind of Language Learner are You? B、Learning a Language is Easy for Adults. C、How Can You Become a Successful Language Learner? -
9、 阅读理解

Recently, an article titled "Chinese Characters Whose Pronunciations Have Changed" has caused heated discussions online. It's said that some pronunciations, which were considered to have been misread before, are right now. They even include the characters in some famous sentences from ancient poems. One example is by Du Mu from the Tang Dynasty "Up a long path amid the rocks I climb so high, there are houses in the depths of clouds white". About the changes, different people have different ideas.
Many Internet users disagreed with the changes. They argued that changing pronunciations would change the rhyme of the sentences in poems, destroying the beauty of Chinese literature. However, supporters of the change said, "This is how language improves, and the pronunciations should meet the needs of society, instead of remaining in the past."
An officer from the Ministry of Education explained that most of the so-called "new" pronunciations have not yet been confirmed(确认). But according to the fifth and sixth edition(版本) of the Modern Chinese Dictionary, quite a few pinyin spelling have already been changed. Professor Zhang Yiwu from Peking University supports the changes. He told China Daily that pronunciation changes are normal and necessary as language changes and they will not destroy traditional culture.
(1)、What can we learn from Paragraph 1?A、Many great poets in China. B、Some famous sentences in ancient poems. C、Some misread pronunciations are right now.(2)、Which is the proper meaning of the underlined poems in the passage?A、黄河远上白云间,一片孤城万仞山。 B、远上寒山石径斜,白云生处有人家。 C、两岸青山相对出,孤帆一片日边来。(3)、Why do some people support the pronunciation changes?A、Because they want to make a new language. B、Because they think the old language should be replaced. C、Because they think the language should meet the needs of society.(4)、According to the last paragraph, what is Zhang Yiwu's attitude to the changes?A、He supports the changes. B、He disagrees with the changes. C、He doesn't give any clear opinions. -
10、 阅读理解
As language learners, it's important to use dictionaries. Paper dictionaries and online dictionaries are often great choices for us. Here is what some students think of the two kinds of dictionaries.

Lin Tao, 14
I like to look up something in a paper dictionary better. Their explanations are so clear that I can understand them better. I don't think some online dictionaries are believable. There might be some incorrect usages which can make us confused.

Wang Lan, 15
I don't like the paper dictionary. I think if we are not good at memorizing English words, we can look up their meanings online very soon. It helps us finish reading the English articles more smoothly.

Meng Hao, 14
My paper dictionary is a great friend for me. Whenever I don't know the meaning of a new word, I can learn it well by understanding the notes and the example sentences in the paper dictionary.

Tian Xiao, 13
I don't like carrying a heavy paper dictionary wherever I go. It's really convenient to learn a language with the help of an online dictionary. Using an online dictionary makes a more effective learner.
If you want to share your opinions, please mail us at 19765443562youthdaily@163.com. And your opinions will be carried on tomorrow's newspaper.
(1)、Why does Lin Tao like paper dictionaries better?A、Their explanations are clear. B、He can look up the meanings soon. C、There are many great example sentences.(2)、Who has the same idea among them?A、Wang Lan and Tian Xiao. B、Wang Lan and Meng Hao. C、Lin Tao and Wang Lan.(3)、In which part of the newspaper can we see the material?A、Science. B、Study. C、Culture. -
11、 假定你是李华,你的英国笔友 Tom 即将作为交换生来岳阳的一所中学进行为期一年的交流学习。最近,他在中文学习中遇到了一些困难,尤其是中文口语表达能力需要提高。请结合下图所示的内容,给 Tom 写一封信,提供一些提升中文口语的建议。

要求:(1)必须包含提示中的所有要点,可适当发挥;(2)80 词左右(开头已给出,不计入总词数);(3)文中不得出现真实人名和校名。
Dear Tom,
I'm glad you're coming to Yueyang.I heard that you found it difficult to improve your spoken
Chinese.It's really not easy for Chinese learners...
……
-
12、 阅读下面短文,从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Just before I turned 10, my parents gave me a cat called Muffin as my birthday gift. Since then, we've shared a special connection that has brought me a lot of 1 .
Every night, she rests on my lap as I sit in my favorite armchair, and her 2 purring (呼噜) has made my evenings more relaxing. However, about a year ago, Muffin started acting 3 .
Instead of her usual behavior (行为), she began to meow (喵喵叫) without 4 . She was trying to communicate something important to me. At first, I thought she might just be trying to draw my 5 , but her meowing became increasingly insistent (反复的).
I ended up taking her to an animal doctor as her behavior was so 6 . I explained why I had brought her in, and the animal doctor agreed to 7 some tests. After not finding anything strange, I decided to see the doctor myself, just in case.
As it turned out, it wasn't the cat that had a problem – it was me! I 8 that I had a serious health problem. I didn't feel anything unusual, but somehow(以某种方式) Muffin 9 knew that something was wrong. I'm doing much better now, but the doctor said that if I had 10 until the symptoms (症状) were noticeable(值得注意的), it's likely that I would have faced a dangerous situation in health.
I'm so thankful for having my cat around, and now she's more important to me than ever!
(1)A 、 shyness B 、 happiness C 、 sadness(2)A 、 noisy B 、 silent C 、 gentle (温和轻缓的)(3)A 、 strangely B 、 comfortably C 、 successfully(4)A 、 lying B 、 thinking C 、 stopping(5)A 、 pleasure B 、 attention C 、 expression(6)A 、 calm B 、 active C 、 unusual(7)A 、 run B 、 admire C 、 discover(8)A 、 laid out B 、 found out C 、 looked out(9)A 、 clearly B 、 politely C 、 normally(10)A 、 shouted B 、 waited C 、 rushed -
13、 阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。每个选项仅使用一次。

The Mid-Autumn Festival holds great importance in China.
Falling on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month, the Mid-Autumn Festival is when family get together to celebrate autumn harvest (丰收). In Chinese culture, the full moon means reunion.
The Mid-Autumn Festival became an official celebration in
China during the Tang Dynasty. Many believe the festival was first mentioned in The Book of Rite.
It was described as a day for emperors (皇帝) to celebrate the year's harvest by giving food and other things to the moon and hosting a great meal.
But how much do you know about the typical ways to celebrate the festival? Here are some.
●
In traditional Chinese culture, it is believed that the moon on the festival night is the fullest and brightest of the whole year, meaning family reunion. Even if a family member is not at home, he or she will admire the same moon, seeming like they are together.
● Worship (祭拜) the moon.
In ancient times,people put mooncakes and other food on a table towards the moon , make wishes and kowtow (扣头) to the moon on the night. Afterwards, the family will share mooncakes.
● Drink osmanthus wine (桂花酒).
Drinking osmanthus wine during the Mid-Autumn Festival is a tradition that has been kept alive through the ages. It's an age-old practice in China, especially popular in Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces.
● Make and hang festival lanterns.
This is an activity popular in Guangdong Province, loved especially by kids.
Today, the Mid-Autumn Festival is a very important family party. As we all know, "Full moon, full feelings."
A. Admire the full moon.
B. This tradition can date back to ancient times.
C. So all family members try their best to go home on that day.
D. Drinking it with family means having a happy and lucky family.
E. In some areas, people also fly Kongming lanterns to make best wishes.
-
14、 阅读理解
Which is more important in your mind, looking fashionable or feeling comfortable? You may find many people choose style over comfort and some even go to extremes (极端) to follow fashion. But we should remember: being fashionable isn't everything. It's more important to be healthy.
Some people believe that they need to be a certain size to look good. So, they start extreme diets (极端节食)that are not good for their health. They might not eat meals or eat too little, which can make them feel sick. Is it a healthy way to live?
Also, many girls wear shoes with very high heels (鞋后跟). They might think high heels make them look taller. But these shoes can actually hurt their feet and make it hard to walk comfortably, and they can increase the risks of falls. Some even wear tight (紧的) clothes that influence blood circulation (循环), making it hard to breathe. Should we put fashion over comfort and physical health?
Besides, some boys and girls spend a lot of time and money changing their hair color. The material they use is usually harmful(有害的) to their health. To make their hair straight or curly, they also use tools that are hot enough to burn their hair. But using these tools too often or at very high temperatures can make the hair dry or even burnt. Is it really worth it to risk our health, spending so much time and money?
So, let's think again what's really important. Is it fashion or is it our well-being? Clothes or hairstyles don't tell us anything about a person's character. Instead of spending a lot of time choosing clothes, we could use that time to do fun things with friends. And instead of following extreme diets, let's eat properly and exercise regularly (有规律地). Remember, the value of you is not decided by your appearance, but by who you are as a person.
(1)、Why do some people go on extreme diets according to the passage?A、Because the diets are healthy. B、Because they just want to look good. C、Because they want to save time(2)、What is the writer's purpose of using a question in each paragraph?A、To ask for help from readers. B、To introduce the latest fashion. C、To lead readers to think about the topic.(3)、What can we know from the passage?A、Wearing shoes with high heels can make people have trouble breathing. B、Changing the hair style too often has no influence on people's health. C、Eating in the right way and doing exercise often can make people healthier.(4)、Which of the following is the structure of the passage?(①=paragraph 1; ②=paragraph 2...)
A、
B、
C、
-
15、 阅读理解

Thanks to new technology, rice now being planted in the Taklimakan Desert in Xinjiang has a shorter growth time.
Recently, a traditional type of rice in greenhouses built on the wasteland in Hotan, Xinjiang took about 60 days to mature (成熟), while normal rice farming takes about 120 to 150 days to mature.
Yang Qichang, a scientist, led the project. He started looking into the possibilities of making rice growth faster in 2016. By 2021, Yang and his team had managed to cut the growth time of rice by half in an experiment (实验) in Chengdu. However, the man-made environment was expensive in Chengdu because of the large amount (量) of energy needed to simulate (模拟) sunlight and warm temperatures.
"The cost of building greenhouses in Hotan is much cheaper than in many other parts of China because many are built on wasteland," Yang said. "Hotan is a perfect place to do farming research."
A lot of sunlight and the huge temperature difference between day and night in Xinjiang also encourage crop (庄稼) development and help cut down the amount of energy required to simulate such conditions.
Scientists are now thinking about using the same technology to make other crops, such as corn, grow faster in the desert.
(1)、What does the underlined word "greenhouse" mean in Paragraph 2?A、绿房子 B、功能室 C、温室(2)、How long did it take the traditional rice in Hotan's greenhouses to mature?A、About 60 days. B、About 120 days. C、About 150 days.(3)、What makes Hotan a perfect place for farming research?① A lot of rain and water. ② Much cheaper cost of building greenhouses.
③ Lots of sunlight and heat. ④ Huge temperature difference between day and night.
A、①②③ B、①③④ C、②③④(4)、What can we know from the last paragraph?A、Scientists' advice on how to grow crops faster in the desert. B、Scientists' expectations for the wider use of the new technology. C、Scientists worries about whether the experiment can succeed again. -
16、 阅读理解
(1)、If you want to go from the Public Library to City Center, you can take Bus ____.A、No. 4 B、No. 5 C、No. 3(2)、The First Hospital is in the ____.A、south B、east C、north(3)、The Bank of China is near ____.A、People's Hospital B、Teachers' College C、May Airport -
17、你校校报英文专栏正在举行毕业季系列征文活动,本期主题为"Our Seats,Our Warm Memories"。请根据以下提示和要求,写一篇英语短文向校报投稿。
提示:1 Where do you like sitting in the classroom?
2 Which kind of seating arrangement (座位安排) do you like best,sitting alone,in pairs or in groups?
3 Do you have any warm memories?Tell your story.
要求:1词数不少于80;2可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3文中不要出现任何真实人名、校名等相关信息,否则不予评分。 -
18、阅读下面文章,请用括号里的正确形式填空。
The Temple of Heaven in southern Beijing is one of China's great cultural treasures It (build) in 1420 in the Ming Dynasty with a history of over 600 years. It became a UNESCO World Heritage Site (遗址) in 1998.In 2024,it joined the "Beijing Central Axis" heritage project.
The layout (布局) of the temple shows old Chinese (idea).The northern wall is round and the southern one is square. It means "Heaven is round and Earth is square". It is about four times (large) than the Palace Museum.
The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests (祈年殿) is the main building. (It) blue roof stands for (代表) the sky. Inside,there (be) twenty eight wooden pillars (柱子) with special meanings. They stand for seasons,months,solar terms and star groups.
In ancient times,emperors held ceremonies here. They hoped (have) good harvests (丰收) and peace. It also showed their respect for Heaven and love for the people. The Temple of Heaven tells us the (important) of living in harmony (和谐) with nature.
For Chinese people,it is more than a place to visit. It makes us proud of our culture reminds us of the wisdom of our ancestors.
-
19、请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词,每词仅用一次。
A. up to B. such as C. winners D. enemies E. for example F. took place G. ended up
In 776 BCE about three thousand years ago,the first Olympic Games in Olympia,Greece (希腊).It was a festival for Zeus (a Greek god) and they celebrated it every four years. Only men and boys could go to see the games. Girls and women could not go into the stadium (体育馆).The athletes (运动员) had to be free men,and they had to speak Greek.
It's said that 50,000 people could sit in the stadium. It was hot and there wasn't much water,but lots of people still went to watch. There were many fun things to see. The Games with a great party.
There were many popular events at the ancient Olympics 50 running,throwing,the long jump,horse racing and so on.
The Olympics were so important to the Greeks that all stopped fighting with each other for a month before the games started. During this time,athletes trained for the events and they could travel to the games safely.
The final ancient Olympic Games stopped in 394 CE. In 1896,the first modern Olympics were held in Greece.
In 1904,gold medals (奖牌) were introduced as prizes for the .Today,the Olympic Games have gained the love and interest of people worldwide.
-
20、 阅读下面这篇文章,根据所提供的信息回答5个问题。要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整。
With the coming climate crisis (气候危机),bicycles are getting more and more popular. But where did the bicycle come from?Who invented it?
You may be surprised to learn that the bicycle was invented several years later than the railway locomotive (机车)!But the bicycle has come a long way since the day it was invented. It is widely believed that the bicycle was invented by a Scottish blacksmith (铁匠),Kirkpatrick MacMillan,around 1839.
MacMillan developed his bicycle from an older wheeled vehicle (交通工具),called a "hobby horse". It was a wooden horse with two wheels. The rider sat on it and pushed the vehicle with feet to move forward .It was not a very fast or safe vehicle,for it had no direction control and no stopping parts.
MacMillan,also called Mad Pate,improved the hobby horse,by adding a system of articulated bars. The rider could push the bars back and forwards with his feet,and make the back wheel go round. He could also control the direction of the moving bicycle,as the front wheel could be turned.
To show his invention,MacMillan rode about 60 miles to Glasgow! It must have been a terrible journey,on the roads of the day! Pate's bicycle did not have rubber tyres (橡胶轮胎) or springs (弹簧).
Mad Pate was not accepted in his time,but other people became interested in bicycles. Twenty-five years later,a Frenchman added rotary (转动的) pedals,and in 1876,H.J.Lawson added the chain system. Other parts,like rubber tyres, have appeared since then. But the basic bicycle has not changed.
Today,the bicycle is probably the most common form of transport in the world.Non-polluting and easy to ride,it has a bright future. Thanks Pate!
(1)、When did MacMillan invent his bicycle?(2)、What was a hobby horse?(3)、How did MacMillan improve the hobby horse?(4)、How far did MacMillan ride his bicycle to show his invention?(5)、What do you think of MacMillan?And why?