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【跨学科·生物】If you often feel tired, sleepy or sad in winter, you might have seasonal affective disorder (SAD) (季节性情绪低落). Some people also eat more, or lose interest in hobbies. SAD usually starts in fall or winter and ends in spring or early summer. When the weather gets colder and the days get shorter, some people feel less active and more unhappy.

The main reason for SAD is not clear, but scientists think it may be caused by changes in hormones (激素). In winter, it is dark for most of the day. This makes the mind make more melatonin (褪黑素), a thing that makes people feel sleepy and less full of energy. Less sunlight might also change your body's energy and feeling.

The best way to feel better is to get more sunlight. Doctors suggest spending some time outside every day in winter, even if it's just for a short walk. Even on cloudy days, natural light helps! You can also try moving your body more, like dancing.

If you still feel very sad, you should see a doctor. Talking to a doctor early is important. Don't forget to share your feelings with family or friends too. Don't worry. SAD is a common problem, and there are always ways to make you feel better during the cold months. Small steps, like drinking warm milk before bed, can also help!

Teenagers, over 15 have the ability to make independent decisions. With the rapid development of technology, today's teenagers have a better understanding of the world. Compared with their parents, they're knowledgeable at an early age. So they may make wiser decisions.

Making decisions helps teenagers feel confident (自信的). When teenagers are allowed to make decisions, they feel more confident in their ability to handle problems. This can help them develop a stronger feeling of control over their lives.

By making decisions, teenagers learn not to depend on others. If parents make decisions for their children all the time, they'll never learn to be responsible (有责任心的) for themselves. They'll just depend on their parents for every choice in their lives.

When teenagers are allowed to make decisions, they may      ▲     . But it doesn't matter. That's because they can learn from their mistakes and will do better next time. During the process, teenagers can develop problem-solving abilities.

Allowing teenagers to make decisions can improve relationships between children and parents. By giving children respect (尊重), parents can show that they trust their children to make good choices. With trust and respect, children will have more communication with their parents.

All in all, teenagers over 15 should be given the chance to make decisions.

The robot is being tested in Shanghai. With the help of cameras and AI, the robot dog can see, listen and speak with blind people. It can help them during daily trips outside and be a "friend" at home. Blind people can also use a cane (手杖) to control the robot's walking and running speed. The robot can even recognize (辨认) the traffic lights.

Li Fei and Zhu Sibin are helping test the robot. Li is totally blind and Zhu can only see a little. Zhu often uses a cane to move around. "The robot dog will make it easier to get into public places than with real guide dogs. I am happy to join in the test. It could change our lives in the near future," Li said.

In China, there are about 17.31 million blind people, but there are only about 400 guide dogs. The new robot is trying to solve this problem. "We believe our robot will act as ‘a pair of eyes' for blind people," said Professor Gao Peng, one of the scientists. He thinks there could be a large market for these robot dogs.

"Oh, nothing. Mom, I just feel tired." Marissa made her way to her room and closed the door. Her younger brother, Leo, noticed her worries and asked, "Is everything alright? You look like something is troubling you." Marissa stopped and said, "Can you keep a secret? I've got a problem at school. You know Dan, right?"

"Yeah. He is the boy with all the jokes," said Leo. "Well, I don't think so. He's not been his usual funny self this week," Marissa said. "He asked me to help him cheat in our math test on Friday."

"Dan told me his marks in math weren't very good this term," said Marissa. "If he doesn't do well in the test, he'll be kicked off the chess team. He wants me to help him by letting him see my paper during the test."

"I really want to help Dan. However, helping him cheat isn't really helping him! It is not right."

Leo, always the wise one, offered a thoughtful answer, "Actually, you could help him improve the subject before the exam. If you give a man a fish, you have fed him just for today. But if you teach a man to fish, you have fed him for a lifetime."

Marissa smiled and looked at her brother. "I got it!" she said. "What are you going to do?" Leo asked. Marissa smiled and replied, "Wait and see." Then she picked up her mobile phone. At that time, Leo knew exactly what she had planned to do.

A different culture keeps my eyes and mind open. When I stayed in Russia as exchange student, I learned about it. One of the (big) differences there is about people's way of life. One day, a (Russia) friend invited me to a well-known restaurant in Moscow. After arriving there, I (find) nothing on the table but several small plates. Although the dishes were simple, we drank a lot and everyone felt (relax) together. While in China, when we invite friends or relatives, we always provide (they) with a big dinner.

Another custom in Russia also surprises me (great). As we know, it is very cold winter. However, when winter (come), people in Russia enjoy swimming. They even take their (child) outside to swim. The water is freezing cold, they all play happily in it! Once I (invite) to join them. However, I had to say no because it was really difficult for me (enjoy) it!

I (know) a lot from the exchange visit so far, and it's been educational in many ways. interesting it is to know about a different culture!

When I was a little girl, I never liked to speak up in class. I was always afraid of making1 in front of others. Then something happened in the sixth grade, and it changed everything.

Our school had many clubs and I joined the dancing team that year. Our teacher taught me2 to perform in front of many people. I wasn't a good dancer at first. I was so nervous that I could not make any moves3. Our teacher encouraged me to practice more. So I began to4 as much as I could. After school, I often stayed to practice the moves again and again. At first my arms and legs felt stiff (僵硬的), but I never5. Slowly, my body became more relaxed. Things6 after much practice. I built up my confidence (自信) little by little. Of course, sometimes I still made mistakes, but I was able to face them and learn from them. I could7 better and better.

Dancing also teaches me how to work with others. In the beginning, dancing in the group was not8 for me. With the9 of my team members, things became better and better. I made friends with them and always tried my best in the team. Now I do think that the success of our team is much more important than mine! Dancing is more than just a sport to me. Thanks to it, I have become a10 student and dancer now.

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A survey on weekly use of smartphones

Recently, we did a survey on weekly use of smartphones among 600 eighth graders in our school. Here are the results.

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potato chips are! Nowadays, they are becoming more and more popular in the world.

However, the customers loved them so much, so daily sales kept .

This made George extremely angry. He and decided to cut a potato into very thin pieces, fry them, and put a lot of salt on them.

Take potato chips for example. One day, a customer sent back George's plate of fried potatoes because they were cut too thick.

inventions were invented after many years of hard work, and were invented just by accident.