相关试卷

1．描述统计图（bar chart）；

2．给出建议。

How Often Breakfast Is Skipped

注意：(1)写作词数应为80个左右；

(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Recently, our English newspaper had a survey about how often breakfast is skipped.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Introduction to Teachers' Day

The idea of celebrating Teachers' Day took root in many countries during the 19th century; in most cases, they celebrate a local (educate) or an important milestone in education. This is the primary reason countries celebrate this day on different dates.

Many countries celebrate their Teachers' Day on 5 October in conjunction with World Teachers' Day, which (establish) by UNESCO in 1994. China: 10 September (Taiwan: 28 September)

In mainland, 10 September is an (office) holiday in China. The modern holiday was awarded a national status on January 21, 1985. The urgent need in this holiday in China was caused by the fact the "cultural revolution" in China cut the number of intellectuals — teachers, in particular. The main purpose was (increase) the prestige (声望，威信) of this profession.

There are some activities for students to show their (appreciate) to teachers, such as presenting gifts, (include) cards and flowers.

In Taiwan, Teachers' Day is recognized on September 28^th, which is also the birth date of great Chinese philosopher and teacher, Confucius. Confucius is considered the embodiment of the Chinese moral, family, and education philosophy.

On his birthday, people in Taiwan pay respect the great educator to remind us to always maintain the traditional virtue of respecting our teachers.

When I was 6, I was given small pink knitting (针织) needles. "I am knitting. Do you want me to teach you?" My grandmother3 my hands in hers and showed me how to knit. While she was cooking, I would sit on her seat, knitting just like her. When I was first learning, I would frequently ask for4, and constantly be scared of ruining our5. After my grandmother left America, I missed the6 of sticks clicking against each other and the smell of her Peruvian cornbread. No matter the7, I know my grandmother and I will always be connected through the needles she8.

Hypodermic (注射) needles are currently my most9 needles. While many people hated hypodermic needles, to me they represent curing and my10 in the medical field. This simple yet11 needle is employed every day to protect lives. Suture (缝合) needles are the needles that I aim to use in the future. Only specially trained12 can properly handle them. They13 put people back together using incredible14.

Needless to say, needles have always been a part of my life. They have been a physical15 of how I've developed as a person.

Don't blame yourself. You are a product of a society that expects very particular things of masculinity. So stop blaming yourself. . If you accept your own desire for close relationship in your life, you will find the friendship.

Get involved at tough moments. Boys sometimes are worried whether they might appear too curious about their friends' private matters. . But if you get involved at such moments, you will open the door to all kinds of growth in your relationship. So take the opportunity to show them that they matter by following up.

. Researchers say that the No.1 thing that helps children (especially boys) grow up to have enriching friendships is to be close with adult relatives who are not afraid to express their emotions. So, if you have expressive grownup relatives, try to be close to them. They can serve as role models for you to show your true feelings in a better way.

A. Look at masculinity critically

B. So here is what they should do

C. Get close to expressive adults in your life

D. You need to face something really disturbing

E. Instead, focus on undoing hurtful and restricting belief systems

F. It is especially true when their friends are sharing something tough

G. The good news is that boys are born caring and loving, just as girls do

Some might consider critical thinking an ability that teachers can encourage. Or they might be referring to specific skills — for instance, that students should learn a set of steps to take to assess information online. Cognitive (认知的) scientists see critical thinking as a specific kind of reasoning that involves problem-solving and making sound judgments. It can be learned, but it relies on specific content knowledge.

Since context is key to critical thinking, learning to analyze information about current events likely requires knowledge about politics and history, as well as practice at tracing sources. Fortunately, that is what social studies classes are for.

Social studies researchers often describe this kind of critical thinking as "historical thinking": a way to evaluate evidence about the past and assess its reliability. In social studies classroom students can make relatively quick progress on some of the surface features of historical thinking, such as learning to check a text's date and author.

Social studies classrooms can also build what researchers call "civic online reasoning." Fact-checking is complex. It is not enough to tell young people that they should be careful online, or to trust sites that end in ".org" instead of ".com." Rather than learning general principles about online media, civic online reasoning teaches students specific skills for evaluating information about politics and social issues.

Therefore, the solution lies not in teaching critical thinking as a separate skill, but in preserving and strengthening traditional social studies education that combines background knowledge with analytical capabilities. Only then can we effectively prepare students to distinguish truth from fiction in our digital world.

"Plants are in fashion right now," says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. "People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, " she says. "Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think." Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body.

"Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants," says Knuth. "This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces."

If you're among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don't beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn't make it. "Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one," Detrinidad says.

The 25-year-old teacher, who turned down opportunities in bigger cities, now spends her days in a once-worn-out classroom at Drumright High School, earning barely $30,000 a year. "When they offered me the job in April before graduation, I just said ‘yes'," recalls Hagan, whose passion outweighs the district's limited resources.

What began as a simple room with uneven floorboards and mismatched walls has become a lively math space under Hagan's care. Every surface bursts with colorful creations: posters and paper fill every corner and a handmade sign declares her the "Teacher of Awesome (Math)." This transformation mirrors her revolutionary approach to education — one that relies not only on textbooks but also on student-crafted learning journals filled with origami folds (折纸), hand-drawn diagrams, and lessons printed on rainbow-colored paper.

Hagan's classroom is full of unconventional energy: algebra becomes speed-dating as students pair up to name polynomials (多项式) and spaghetti strands (意大利面) demonstrate geometric principles. "She makes us forget we're learning," says Jake Williams. Even math haters like Taylor Russell find themselves engaged: "This year, I actually love it."

The young educator's "A, B, or Not Yet" grading system rules out failure as an option. Students reattempt assignments until they master the material, with Hagan routinely staying hours after school to provide support. During lunch breaks, students gather in her office for help with all subjects, not just math.

Fellow teacher Melinda Parker voices what many think: "We're so lucky to have her in Drumright." Though the workload sometimes wears her out, her commitment never declines. In rare free moments, she shares her innovative methods through her blog, appropriately titled Math equals Love — a philosophy that continues to transform lives in this unlikely corner of rural Oklahoma.

Heating, cooling, and powering homes contribute significantly to global CO₂ emissions. As nations strive to reduce their carbon footprints, residential energy use — responsible for nearly 20% of energy-related emissions — poses unique challenges. Below is the 2022 breakdown of household emissions by source.

ELECTRICITY   52%

HEATING   28%

COOLING   12%

APPLIANCES   6%

LIGHTING   2%

Clean energy solutions for homes must be affordable, efficient, and adaptable to diverse climates. While technologies vary, here are key innovations driving the shift toward sustainability.

HEAT PUMPS — Efficient Heating/Cooling

Replacing gas boilers, electric heat pumps transfer warmth from air or ground, cutting heating emissions by 50%. Hybrid models, hopefully, might be able to work in sub-zero temperatures in the near future.

SMART GRIDS (电网) — Dynamic Electricity Management

AI-powered grids optimize energy use, storing surplus solar power during peak hours and reducing reliance on fossil-fuel backups.

SOLAR PANELS — Rooftop Revolution

Solar energy is the most accessible renewable source for households. Advances in photovoltaic cells have cut costs by 80% since 2010, making them viable in numerous regions.

WIND TURBINES — Community Microgrids

Small-scale turbines (涡轮机) in windy areas can power neighborhoods, though land use debates persist. "The scale of this transition is staggering," says Dr. Elena Torres, a climate scientist at MIT. Residential renewables like solar and heat pumps could meet 90% of global household demand by 2050 — but only if investments triple within this decade. Recent studies show that every $1 invested in green homes today saves $5 in future climate adaptation costs. This isn't just an environmental imperative; it's economically inevitable.

It's my graduation day! The ceremony was to be held in a large auditorium downtown on a damp December afternoon. As I prepared for this important day, choosing a simple black dress and even putting on makeup — both unusual for me — my mind was occupied with anxiety rather than excitement.

Due to my neurological condition (神经系统疾病) that affected my mobility and coordination (协调性), the upcoming ceremony filled me with fear. I had learned that I would need to negotiate a flight of stairs during the proceedings. The mere thought of walking across the stage was terrifying enough, but the additional challenge of stairs seemed impossible. To make matters worse, I would have to shake hands with my professors and receive my diploma with my right hand, which has limited control due to my condition These seemingly small details felt like impossible obstacles

Consumed by fear, I called Sally in tears, telling her I couldn't go through with it. She had been my notetaker throughout university because of my condition, but she was far more than that. We had been through many rough spots during the past two years. We took all our classes together, studied together, and edited each other's work.

Sally listened patiently as I poured out my anxieties. Then, she responded with determined support. "You are walking, damn it!" she declared firmly. She promised to handle everything and made me promise to show up at the auditorium. Though still fearful, I splashed cold water on my tear-stained face, touched up my makeup, and whispered to myself, "I'm doing this."

When I arrived at the auditorium, the reality of those frightening stairs hit me again. Just as panic began to seize me. Sally found me immediately. She hugged me tightly and assured me, "I have it all worked out. It's going to be fine." To my surprise, I noticed many of my classmates gathered nearby, their faces filled with warm smiles and encouraging nods. At this, I felt a surge of strength flowing through me, though I still couldn't imagine how I would manage the challenges ahead.

注意：

1. 续写词数应为150左右；

2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。

Paragraph 1: As my name was called, I took a deep breath and began moving toward the stage.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph 2: Walking down the stairs on the other side, I felt an overwhelming surge of pride.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(1) 书本简介；

(2) 赠书理由；

(3) 寄语希望。

注意：

(1) 写作词数应为80左右；

(2) 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。

Dear friend,

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

Beijing recently made technological history by hosting the world's first half-marathon for humanoid robots, marking a significant milestone in robotics development. Twenty teams from top universities and tech firms participated, with six robots (complete) the 21-kilometer race. The winner, Tiangong Ultra, finished it in just 2 hours and 40 minutes.

This groundbreaking (compete) represented a crucial transition from controlled laboratory testing to real-world application. Unlike artificial lab environments, the marathon's unpredictable outdoor conditions tested the robots' adaptability and endurance capabilities. Beyond sports, such robots are already in use — for example, the specialized inspection robots (develop) by China Southern Power Grid, can operate (reliable) in temperature extremes ranging from 40℃ to 80℃ while maintaining power lines in remote (mountain) regions.

Since the beginning of this year, Chinese tech giants like Xiaomi and Huawei, well aware of the opportunities, (join) forces with automotive leaders including Tesla and Toyota in has become an international race to advance this technology. However, experts caution that rapid progress, significant technical hurdles remain. Most robots currently operate at Level 2 autonomy but achieving Level 4 — full independence — needs breakthroughs in AI decision-making.

For students considering future careers in technology, humanoid robotics represents one of the most exciting and promising fields may transform industries and daily life. successful Beijing marathon serves as both a testament to how far we have come and s preview of the remarkable innovations still to come.

However, Rose was difficult to get along with. She would take them out for dinner but then4 what they could order, and complained about everything they did. This led to their confusion, leaving them feeling increasingly5. One day, Karen shared with me the growing weight of6 she felt from caring for Rose. When I asked if she had any volunteer7, she responded that she had no time. I then suggested that she8 looking after Rose as volunteer work. Instantly, it was like a light bulb went on. Karen's9 shifted. She told David the same that night, and the idea changed everything. From then on, they still did the same work, but as "volunteers," it felt10 — no longer a duty, but a choice. For the rest of Rose's life, they still11 helped, finding joy in the role.

We often talk about volunteering, which makes us feel good. But there's also a way to12 a burdensome commitment as "volunteering". By doing so, a task we feel forced to do can become a voluntary act.

Let's take Karen and David as an example. Their13 to helping Rose at first seemed like an unwanted14. But after the shift, a chore turned into a15 experience.

With electric vehicles (EVs) gaining significant popularity globally — accounting for 22% of new car sales in 2024 — many passengers report experiencing increased motion sickness compared to traditional vehicles. Social media platforms are filled with such personal experiences, particularly from those riding in passenger or back seats.

A primary reason for this phenomenon is the lack of familiarity with EV motion patterns. As William Emond, a PhD researcher in France specializing in motion sickness, explains, people's brains heavily depend on past experiences to predict and interpret motion. For instance, experienced drivers naturally expect acceleration after hearing engine revs in fuel-powered cars, but EVs operate without such familiar auditory signals.

Recent research indicates that specific seat vibrations and the complete absence of traditional engine noise in EVs contribute significantly to motion discomfort. Furthermore, the regenerative braking systems — innovative technology that transforms kinetic energy (动能) into battery power — cause an unusually gradual slowdown.

Beyond this, motion sickness fundamentally occurs when the brain receives contradictory sensory signals about body movement. The inner ear, visual cues, and physical sensations send mixed messages to the brain, creating what experts call a "neural mismatch". This mechanism explains why drivers themselves rarely experience carsickness — they control and predict the vehicle's movements.
 

A. Such long-term conflict can trigger motion sickness symptoms.

B. Another contributing factor is that EV-specific features add to the problem.

C. Some manufacturers are improving suspension systems to minimize vibrations.

D. Drivers usually don't experience carsickness due to their control over the vehicle.

E. This technology lengthens the stopping process and may worsen feelings of sickness.

F. Without previous EV experience, the brain has to struggle to estimate forces accurately.

G. In regard to this phenomenon, researchers have identified several scientific explanations.

Our behavior and our brains are closely linked. And yet, the majority of studies only take a snapshot of our lived experience. "We know little about the response of brain functional connectivity to environmental, physiological, and behavioral changes on different timescales, from days to months," said Triana, a professor from Aalto University.

To investigate these effects, Triana and his colleagues tracked their own brain activity and behavior over a five-month period using a combination of brain scans, wearable devices and their smartphones. "We studied brain activity using FMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging), sleep and physical activity patterns using a smart-ring, heart and respiration rates using a smartwatch, and mood using questionnaires prompted on their smartphone," Triana said.

Triana's brain was scanned twice a week, followed by qualitative (定性的) data from mood surveys. The team identified two distinct brain patterns in response to specific behaviors: a short-term wave lasting less than a week and a long-term wave lasting up to 15 days. The short-term wave was reflective of rapid responses to a behavior, like struggling to focus after a poor night's sleep. Meanwhile, the long-term wave suggests more gradual, lasting effects of a particular behavior. These were particularly apparent in areas of the brain tied to attention and memory. In other words, a workout or restless night from two weeks ago could still be affecting you — positively or negatively — today.

While this study only shows the brain activity of one individual, the researchers hope that it demonstrates the importance of studying brain activity in the context of our wider lifestyle and behavior, rather than a single snapshot in the lab. "This research is important because it provides a more comprehensive and dynamic view of brain function, highlighting the long-term impact of everyday behaviour on brain health," Triana said.

If you've experienced anything like the above anecdote, you're not alone. People responding "maybe" to invitations is a common yet annoying aspect of social life. What goes on in people's heads when they aren't sure whether to accept an invitation? Social invitations can be a delicate dance. People often misread what someone extending an invitation wants to hear and overestimate an inviter's likelihood of preferring a "maybe" over a "no." Moreover, they fail to realize how much more disrespected people feel when they receive a "maybe" in response to their invitation.

Naturally, we wanted to figure out why this awkward dynamic plays out. We found that it's largely due to something called "motivated reasoning." Motivated reasoning occurs when a person interprets information in a biased (有偏差的) way to suit their own wishes. In other words, invitees convince themselves that inviters want to hear "maybe" instead of "no" because a "maybe" is better for the invitees, allowing them to leave their options open. Besides, people tend to overestimate the negative consequences of saying "no" to invitations, thinking it will upset, anger and disappoint inviters.

However, there were certain situations that made people more comfortable saying "no" to an invitation. When recipients of an invitation put themselves in the shoes of the person extending the invitation, they are more likely to realize that they'd probably prefer a definite answer. When the participants get invited to do something they didn't want to do, they had no desire to keep their options open. The motivated reasoning then became irrelevant.

While navigating social situations can be tricky, being direct and definite is sometimes best. It might reduce your options. But it'll keep those who invite you from being left uncertain and maybe they'll still think of you when the next concert comes to town.

Though never skilled at crafts, I've always found comfort in textiles. My mother, who had knitted a granny-square blanket in her twenties, was game to re-learn how to do it. In her youth, Granny squares became the after-dinner routine and soon I was churning out dozens of multicolored squares. And it felt like this project was, maybe, helping?

"It's incredibly mindful," says Gabrielle Gatto, a death educator in our community. "That's part of really sitting with something."

On a Tuesday evening, Gatto sets up a snack table inside the cemetery's church, preparing for the start of her monthly interactive workshop, "Grieving & Weaving. " "I think it was important to have that in the name as well," she says. "We are going to talk about grief, death and loss. But we're also going to create happy memories together, eating and drinking a bunch of things."

It's a project that had been sitting in her closet for months. Earlier this year, after both her grandmothers died, she lost what she calls the "knitting light" for a while. Rafferty, who is also a therapist, says she almost skipped the workshop to stay home with her dog, but she's glad she didn't — being here is therapeutic.

As Gatto says, after all, it's not the end product that's the therapy. It's the act of doing it. "A big thing with grief is moving through it both mentally and physically," Gatto says. "And that's exactly what we do here. We bring something that is maybe heavy on our minds or our hearts. And then we work with our hands. We work with it, and we work together."

Duration

4 weeks, 2-3 hours per week; start from Nov. 5.

About this course

The crises of our time generate enormous adaptive challenges for our families, organizations, communities, and societies. The need for leadership that can mobilize people to meet these challenges and improve life is critical.

In this introductory course, you will explore strategies for leading in a changing world where adaptive pressures will continue to challenge all of us. You will discover new ways to approach complex organizational systems and take thoughtful action on the work we all face ahead. Most importantly, you will reflect on how to move forward on the leadership challenges you care about most.

At a glance

·Institution: HarvardX

·Subject Business & Management

·Level: Introductory

·Language: English

·Video Transcript: English

·Associated skills: Leadership

What you'll learn

In this short introductory course, you will discover a diagnostic-and-action process for exercising leadership that explores the following foundational principles and strategies:

·How to identify and break down complex challenges.

·How to understand the role of formal and informal authority.

·How to build and renew trust relationships.

·How to approach conflict.

About the instructor

Ronald Heifetz: Founder, Center for Public Leadership.

In the small town of Millfield, at Cedarwood Middle School, Jake, a lanky and soft-spoken boy with thick glasses, was an easy target for bullies. His passion for astronomy set him apart from his peers. Instead of playing football or video games, he spent his free time stargazing and reading books about galaxies and constellations. Every day at lunch, as Jake sat alone at a corner table, devouring a homemade sandwich and scribbling notes about the latest celestial event he'd read about, a group led by Mark, the school's self- proclaimed "cool kid," would pass by.

Mark, tall with a confident swagger, loved the attention he got from his friends. With a smile on his face, he'd lean over Jake's table and pick up his astronomy notebook. "What's this? More of your space nonsense?" he'd sneer, waving the notebook in the air. His friends would snicker, and Jake would blush, reaching out timidly to get his notebook back. "Leave me alone," Jake would mumble, his voice barely above a whisper. "Or what? You'll call your alien friends to attack me?" Mark would laugh, and the group would walk away, leaving Jake feeling humiliated.

Ms. Thompson, Jake's science teacher, noticed the situation but could only do so much to stop it during class. "Boys, be respectful," she'd say whenever she caught Mark teasing Jake. But once out of her sight, the bullying continued.

One day, the school announced a science fair with the theme "Innovation s for the Future." Students were encouraged to create projects that could change the world. Mark, seeing it as a chance to show off, immediately started planning a project with his friends. Jake, on the other hand, decided to combine his love for astronomy with his dream of making a difference. He began working on a model of a sustainable space colony, spending hours after school in the science lab, building and perfecting his creation.

When the day of the science fair arrived, students and parents crowded into the gymnasium to view the projects. Mark's group presented a flashy but rather simplistic model of a self- driving car. Jake, nervous but determined, set up his space colony model, complete with detailed explanations of how it would generate energy and recycle resources.

As the judges walked around to evaluate the projects, Mark and his friends watched with smug expressions, convinced they would win. But when the results were about to be announced, everyone held their breath in anticipation.

注意：

1．续写词数应为150左右；

2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Paragraph 1: The principal stepped onto the stage and cleared his throat. "And the winner of the science fair is..."

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph 2: That night, as Jake lay in bed, looking out at the stars, he heardknock on his front door.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1．你设计的时间胶囊主题；

2．选择的物品及理由。

注意：

1．写作词数应为80左右；

2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dear Ms. Green,

I'm excited to share my ideas for the Time Capsule Creation Competition.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

A freight train loaded with home appliances (depart) from Qingdao of East China's Shandong province on Tuesday morning, (push) the total number of China-Europe freight train trips past 110,000, according to China State Railway Group, operator of the service. The train, carried 55 containers filled with goods such as LCD displays and refrigerators (value) at nearly 20 million yuan ($2.75 million), is bound Moscow and expected to arrive in 17 days. this event marked a major milestone for China-Europe rail services was obvious. Since the services began in 2011, the cumulative value of goods transported via the China-Europe freight (exceed) $450 billion. the service is a flagship project of the Belt and Road Initiative, it underscores the high demand and resilience of the rail link. The rapidly (expand) China-Europe freight service network has become a crucial link in global supply chains.