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1、The 18th century German philosopher Immanuel Kant lived very firmly in a world of time. He was so strict about routine that his fellow citizens of Kocnigsberg could set their watches by his afternoon walk. However, in his philosophical work, Kant was doubtful about time. He believed time is created by the human mind. Out there beyond our minds, there is no time. It's simply a "category" of our minds that helps us to perceive objects and order our experience.
The flexibility of our time perception (感知) supports Kant's doubt. We all know time is not a fixed phenomenon but seems to pass at different speeds in different situations. For example, it seems to go slowly when we travel to unfamiliar places, or when we are bored or in pain. It seems to speed up when we're absorbed, such as when we play music or paint.
Our perception of time can change in a dramatic way. Perhaps, at least once in your life, you've had what is called a "Time Expansion Experience (TEE)," when seconds have stretched out into minutes. TEEs happen most frequently in accidents where perception becomes more intense than normal and thus people notice more details.
In accident situations, people are often surprised by the amount of time they have to think and act. In fact, many people are convinced that time expansion spared them from their serious injury, or even death. For example, a woman who reported a TEE in which she avoided a metal barrier falling on to her car said, "For me the slowing down of the moment allowed me to decide how to escape the falling metal on us."
All of this suggests that Kant was right. Perhaps the reason why time is variable is because it doesn't really exist—at least, outside our minds. There is no objective time out there in the universe. What we experience as time is filtered (过滤) through our minds, and so varies according to our state of mind.
(1)、Which of the following would Immanuel Kant approve of?A、Time is a basic quality of the world. B、Time is a record of human experience. C、Time is a situation measured by daily routine. D、Time is a mental concept generated by humans.(2)、What is the main idea of paragraph 2?A、Time progresses at a constant speed. B、Full attention affects people's sense of time. C、Time perception varies depending on context. D、People feel time slows down on special occasions.(3)、What do people think of TEEs in accidents?A、Inspiring. B、Beneficial. C、Temporary. D、Painful.(4)、What can be a suitable title for the text?A、The Secret of Time: A State of Mind B、Time Expansion: Real or Imaginary? C、Time Perception: A Philosophical Exploration D、The Clockwork of the Mind: How to Measure Time? -
2、Beneath the surface of the earth lies a lively, invisible ecosystem full of life, often referred to as the "living skin" of the earth. It is a hidden world where countless organisms (生物体) interact in complex ways, driving essential processes that enable life to survive. They are the unsung heroes of nutrient cycling, soil stability, and even climate balance.
Organisms in the soil are both copious and diverse. They range in size from the one-celled bacteria, to the more complex tiny bugs, and to the larger organisms such as insects and plants. Soil microbes (微生物) are too small to be seen with the unaided eye. Bacteria are the most plentiful microbes in soil, with a population of 1010-1011 individuals and 6,000-50,000 species per gram of soil and a biomass of 40-500 grams per square metre.
If we are to understand the functions of soil microbes and the impact of management practices on soil quality, we need to analyze microbial community composition beyond just counting individuals. Traditional methods of studying microbes often rely on culturing techniques, which have significant limitations as they can only detect a small part of the microbial community. Advanced genetic (基因的) techniques, such as DNA sequencing and PCR, however, enable the detection and categorization of previously unculturable microbes. These methods enhance our ability to identify shifts in microbial communities, providing critical insights into soil health and functional dynamics.
Soil microbes play both beneficial and harmful roles as contributors to soil environmental problems such as climate change and groundwater pollution. The physical chemical, and biological soil characteristics and their interactions with the resident community of soil microbes have a significant impact on the growth and activity of these microbes. As our understanding of these complex relationships develops, we should be able to develop soil management practices that are sustainable and can lead to preservation and improvement of soil quality.
(1)、What does the "living skin" of the earth mainly do?A、Sustain life on the earth. B、Control microbial population. C、Protect the surface of the earth. D、Monitor changes in the ecosystem.(2)、What does the underlined word "copious" in paragraph 2 mean?A、Small. B、Active. C、Invisible. D、Plentiful.(3)、Why are modern genetic techniques used in studying microbes?A、To identify diverse microbes. B、To simplify microbial counting. C、To help culture more microbes. D、To minimize microbial impact on soil.(4)、What can help us to improve soil management practices?A、Removing harmful microbes. B、Distinguishing soil characteristics. C、Understanding soil-microbe interactions. D、Strengthening relationships among microbes. -
3、As a freelance (自由职业的) writer, the structure of my workday can often vary wildly. Sometimes, it feels as if I have too much to do — other days, too little. Yet no matter the shape of my 9 to 5, one thing remains constant: emails.
About a year ago, I found my email-checking habit had become more distracting (分心的) than usual. When working on my computer, I found myself nervously checking my phone for unread emails whenever hitting a mental block. Even worse, during lunch or walks, that habit of checking would come with me, making my breaks an extension of the workday.
The little red dot on my Gmail app had become a marker of my professional image: the more unread emails, the more I felt I was failing. By quickly responding to everyone, I convinced myself I was seen as reliable by my paymasters and therefore worthy of the work I needed to pay my electricity bills, so I could charge my phone, read my emails and carry on the endless cycle.
However, speed doesn't always mean quality. I was always contactable — but at what cost? I took on too much work, not allowing myself space to reflect on the value of my work. The content machine kept running and I was busy, producing "word salad" onto the internet. Something needed to change. After a particularly crazy week of nonstop emailing, I deleted the email app.
The difference was immediately noticeable. I began to rest better. Now, my workdays remain unpredictable, but I've realised that a lack of structure needn't stop me setting boundaries (边界) for myself. Uninterrupted breaks help me focus when I get back to work. Taking a few hours to respond to messages — instead of just minutes — often makes no difference to the sender and allows me to digest the content properly.
I am still surviving as a freelancer in a fast-paced industry, but now I can spend my time endlessly checking my phone for Instagram stories instead.
(1)、How did the email-checking habit affect the author?A、It caused him mental disorder. B、It made his breaks less relaxing. C、It kept him extremely impatient. D、It changed the structure of his workday.(2)、Why did the author feel the need to respond to emails quickly?A、He wanted to avoid long working hours. B、He sought high pay to cover electricity bills. C、He desired to maintain a professional image. D、He believed multitasking ensured employment.(3)、What does the author imply by mentioning "word salad" in paragraph 4?A、He was far from productive. B、He valued quality over quantity. C、His work was creative and tasteful. D、His work lacked meaningful content.(4)、What does the author learn after deleting the email app?A、Email senders prefer thoughtful replies. B、Social media is more important than email. C、Setting boundaries can improve work efficiency. D、Freelancers should get used to a fast-paced lifestyle. -
4、Need a break from reality? Don't we all! Life gets tough, but we can fight back with the right kind of attitude. We can win the battle within ourselves by Live-Action-Role-Playing (LARPing) in Louisiana! We're here to brief you on the basics and help you live out your fantasies.
Louisiana LARPing Basics
Imagine fighting battles as a hero. Or dress up as a cyberpunk princess (公主). In many ways, you can become who you want, and that's the obvious attraction of LARPing. Most groups for LARPing in Louisiana have registration pages on their websites, and some have private groups on Facebook.
Louisiana LARPing Groups
LarpWorks is a large community with 3 different games for you to play. Depending on your interests, you can choose to be a part of medieval (中世纪) times, a historical fantasy, or a sci-fi thriller. It's a kind of active storytelling to play out the narratives as your own character with your own storyline.
Echoes of Athus is a fantasy group that gathers in various campgrounds around Louisiana. They have a website full of fun resources for members to explore. A lot of work has been put into their history and tales. You can really get wrapped up in creating your own background story.
Final Words
LARPing in Louisiana could be the escape you're looking for! At the very least, it's an opportunity to meet new people and learn about a new subculture. The possibilities are endless- you could rule your own kingdom one day!
(1)、What is the main attraction of Louisiana LARPing?A、It develops your imagination. B、It makes you more competitive. C、It provides you with a fictional identity. D、It helps change your attitude towards life.(2)、What can you do in LarpWorks and Echoes of Athus?A、Act out stories. B、Play online games. C、Learn about science. D、Create fun resources.(3)、What can Louisiana LARPing bring to you?A、A high position in society. B、A getaway from reality. C、A sense of cultural protection. D、An opportunity for promotion. -
5、听下面一段独白,回答以下小题。(1)、Why is Roz on the deserted island?A、She is on an adventure. B、She undergoes an accident. C、She wants to rescue the animals.(2)、When did Christopher Sanders direct The Croods?A、In 2010. B、In 2013. C、In 2024.(3)、What message does The Wild Robot send to audiences?A、Life is full of dangers. B、Fighting is unavoidable. C、Love requires self-change.
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6、听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。(1)、What is the man?A、A program host. B、A guest professor. C、A school doctor.(2)、What percentage of U.S. elementary students have ADHD?A、1%. B、2.5%. C、10%.(3)、How did Scott Kelly overcome ADHD?A、By asking teachers for help. B、By reading an inspiring book. C、By chatting with an astronaut.(4)、What do we know about Ellison?A、She regretted helping her son hide ADHD. B、She encouraged her son to treat his illness. C、She shared similar behaviors with her son.
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7、听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。(1)、What are the speakers mainly talking about?A、A new coach. B、A football match. C、Football techniques.(2)、What does the woman think the team lacks?A、Cooperation. B、Motivation. C、Leadership.(3)、What is the manager doing?A、He is making a wish. B、He is replacing a player. C、He is predicting the game result.
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8、听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。(1)、What is the woman going to do next week?A、Make a mailing list. B、Meet all her customers. C、Post the printed materials.(2)、How many pages does each of the ordered brochures have?A、10. B、20. C、100.(3)、What will the man do next?A、Carry the brochures out. B、Offer his credit card number. C、Return the overcharged money.
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9、听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。(1)、What will the woman probably do first?A、Go to a modern museum. B、Tour a historic building. C、Visit a memorial park.(2)、What is the relationship between the speakers?A、Strangers. B、Travel partners. C、Tour guide and visitor.
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10、What is Ben's suggestion?A、To build a creative team. B、To hire experienced salespeople. C、To organize an experience-sharing event.
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11、What does the man mean?A、He needs to lose some weight. B、His mother is skilled at cooking. C、He will move out of his parents' house.
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12、How did the woman feel about the lecture?A、Interested. B、Surprised. C、Confused.
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13、Where does the conversation take place?A、In the library. B、In the supermarket. C、In the gym.
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14、What will the weather be like tomorrow?A、Hot. B、Rainy. C、Cool.
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15、阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Mrs Parks finished one of her lessons, and although she had not performed any physical activity, she was out of breath. A sudden burning stomachache started, but she hoped her students wouldn't notice.
"You look pale, Mrs Parks. Are you all right?" a kid, Tony, asked. Mrs Parks started nodding, trying to explain everything was all right. But the words wouldn't come out. She became unconscious and fell down in front of her class, and there were red and blue lights, many adults, and the sounds of children crying.
"Will she be OK?" Mrs Parks heard a high voice but couldn't recognize who had said it. "Everything will be fine," she whispered, but an ambulance worker quieted her and put an oxygen mask on her.
"Tony, please. We'll see what we can do for Mrs Parks. All of you have to go back to class and listen to whatever Ms Hanson tells you," Mr Roberts, the headmaster, tried to demand Mrs Parks' students leave his office, but they wouldn't move. Tony and Hannah were at the front of the pack. They were told she needed surgery, and hospitals cost money.
"We need to raise money. Please help us, Mr Roberts," Hannah said, and all the kids nodded. "Kids, let's go back to the classroom and brainstorm together about helping Mrs Parks," Ms Hanson guided them back to the classroom. Ms Hanson instructed them to write special messages to her.
"A card is not enough to save Mrs Parks. She has to come back. She's the best teacher ever. We need a grown-up to help." Tony told his classmates during the break. All the kids were thinking hard, and suddenly, Asher spoke up, "My big sister is a senior in high school. Well, I think she can make a link on a website or something. Then we can raise the money we need and help Mrs Parks!"
All the classmates agreed and went home to tell their older brothers or sisters about this idea. Asher's big sister, Dianne, started an online group, and she made an Internet link immediately with her parents' approval.
注意:1. 续写词数应为150个左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The link and the group were shared throughout the community quickly.
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Mrs Parks was back at school two months later.
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16、阅读下列短文,在空白处填入适当单词或短语。
Amundsen was the first on 8 September, 1911. He had teams of dogs the sledges and all his men were on skis. Because of this, he made rapid progress.
Even Amundsen was moved by Scott's death saying "Captain Scott left a record, for honesty, for sincerity, for, for everything that makes a man". Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole, but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes.
The reason this was difficult was that the team had limited resources. They did not have enough staff, and the laboratory they worked had poor air quality. However, after hundreds of failed experiments, they came across a promising chemical.
Reeve became a and energetic advocate for people with back injuries and disabilities raising millions of dollars support of medical research.
With a sense of energy and commitment, Reeve undertook an intense exercise programme to help him achieve this goal. He in a wide range of exercises to rebuild muscle, and made remarkable progress.
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17、Lots of students are unsure about a variety of factors when they consider which college might represent a good fit for them, but they believe they know exactly what they want when it comes to college size.
. Here are a few of the less-obvious reasons a smaller school might be a good fit:
1. The professors actually do the teaching. Most small colleges only teach undergraduate degrees., and more importantly, graduate students won't be teaching any of your classes.
2. More focused and direct feedback (反馈). You've heard the expression "You're just a number." Think about the homework and tests that need to be graded in a class with 450 students. . But at small schools, class sizes are smaller, and professors will have more time to read a student's work.
3. Research chances. Students at small schools are able to develop relationships with professors more easily, since there is a smaller number of students. .
4. Less red tape. It's just easier to get things done at a small school. , and there are fewer regulations. One of the biggest frustrations (令人沮丧的事物) at large schools is that important classes become full quickly, forcing students to either take them over the summer or stay an extra term.
A. Small colleges may offer more sports activities
B. Professors and administrators have more flexibility
C. That means there aren't graduate students on campus
D. The size of a school really can change your experience
E. It's great to see students make a 180-degree turn after they visit some small colleges
F. Teachers there don't have much time to offer advice on every student's piece of work
G. Most professors know their students' names and count on them to take part in their research
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18、In a world where the news frequently warns of approaching fresh water scarcity, a group of forward-thinking researchers are looking to the skies to find a solution. Dr. Michael Tam, a distinguished professor at the University of Waterloo, along with his brilliant students, Yi Wang and Weinan Zhao, is diving deep into nature's playbook.
"Water is efficiently captured by the web. The spider doesn't need to go to the river to drink, as it traps moisture (水分) from the air," Dr. Tam said. This revelation led to the exploration of how such natural phenomena could be replicated (复制) to address the global challenge of fresh water scarcity.
Furthermore, the Namib Desert beetle showcases another masterclass in nature's engineering. Despite living in one of the dry environments on the Earth, these beetles manage to obtain water from thin air. A textured body surface that captures water droplets from fog when they face into the wind. The collected moisture then accumulates and drips right into their mouths.
Tapping into the lessons offered by these natural wonders, Dr. Tam and his team are working one particularly promising technology termed "atmospheric water harvesting." To replicate the beetle's water-gathering method, Tam's team is developing a special surface that attracts small water droplets and quickly releases bigger ones.
But that's not all. Dr Tam's commitment to sustainability shines through in his choice of materials. Using zero-carbon materials, like plant-based substances, his team has developed an energy-efficient surface that captures atmospheric moisture.
The team's innovations don't stop there. Drawing inspiration from unique mushroom structures, they've designed smart structural systems for solar evaporation(蒸发). These systems effectively use solar energy, absorbing water and transforming it into fresh, collectible steam.
The potential impact of these fresh water generation systems is enormous. Not only are they cost-effective and energy-efficient, but they also represent the essence of environmental friendliness.
In a world increasingly bothered by water scarcity, the work of Dr. Tam and his team offers a ray of hope. By looking to nature's wonderful solutions, we're reminded that sometimes, the answers to our most pressing challenges have been right in front of us all along.
(1)、Which has the closest meaning to the underlined word "revelation" in paragraph 2?A、Challenge. B、Discovery. C、Curiosity. D、Definition.(2)、Why can the Namib Desert beetles harvest water in deserts?A、Because of their unique body structure. B、Because of their skills of weaving webs. C、Because of complex weather conditions. D、Because of their organ for storing water.(3)、On what basis do the team conduct their innovative work?A、How materials are chosen. B、How nature repairs itself. C、How solar energy is used. D、How nature captures water.(4)、What is the author's attitude towards the solutions to water scarcity?A、Doubtful. B、Cautious. C、Dismissive. D、Confident. -
19、Many of the most damaging types of weather begin quickly, strike suddenly, and disappear rapidly, destroying small areas while leaving neighboring areas untouched. Such event as a tornado struck the northeastern part of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado went beyond $250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm.
Traditional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to study carefully the slight atmospheric changes that come before these storms. In most nations, for example, weather-balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at places separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, traditional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large areas than they do forecasting specific local events.
Until recently, the observation intensive method needed for exact, very short-range forecasts, or "Nowcasts," was not possible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was extremely high, and the difficulties concerned in rapidly collecting and processing the weather data from such a network were hard to overcome.
Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems and satellites are all able to make detailed, nearly continuous observation over large areas at a lower cost. Communications satellites can send out data around the world cheaply and immediately, and modern computers can quickly collect and analyze this large amount of weather information.
Meteorologists(气象学者) and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment able to change weather data into words and graphic displays that forecasters can understand easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.
(1)、Why can't traditional computer models predict short-lived local storms?A、The weather data people collect are often wrong. B、Detailed weather data in some small areas are not available. C、The computers are not advanced enough to predict them. D、The computers are not used to forecast specific local events.(2)、The word "Nowcast" in Paragraph 3 means ________.A、a network to collect storm data B、a way of collecting weather data C、a more advanced system of weather observation D、a forecast which can predict weather in the small area(3)、What can make "Nowcasts" a reality according to the passage?A、Scientific and technological advances. B、Advanced computer programs. C、Computer scientists. D、Meteorologists.(4)、What does the passage mainly talk about?A、The advantages of "Nowcasts". B、A tornado in Edmonton, Alberta. C、The difficulty in predicting tornado. D、A great development in weather forecast. -
20、82-year-old Gina Harris will become the oldest woman to cycle across Britain. From England, Gina plans to ride from Land's End, in Cornwall, to John O'Groats, in Scotland, to support Women's Aid and Refuge. The trip is hard, but Gina has set her mind to supporting the two charities after reading about the outstanding work they have done for women.
This year's International Women's Day theme is Break the Bias (偏见). Knowing that isn't enough, action is needed badly. Gina is taking action for women all over the world to show the importance of women. Gina shared, "I will ride my old bike and carry my luggage, which weighs over 30 kg. I won't complete the challenge until June 2022, so I have 3 months to practice with my son's great help. I have previously travelled by bicycle around Europe, so it won't be my first long cycle journey, but it will certainly be my last one."
Gina Harris, a former photographer, took up cycling at 50 and joined the Cycling UK to follow her passion for charities. Alan Head, former Secretary of the Cycling UK commented, "Gina Harris has cycled with the Cycling UK for many years. We wish her all the best in her attempt to raise money for women by cycling. Because public services aren't enough, the work of charities is important. "
Faye Connelly, Fundraising Manager at Women's Aid, said, "We are grateful to Gina for her incredible support, and we expect more people to follow her example. Gina's determination to raise as much as she can helps us reach more women and children."
(1)、What made Gina determine to support the two charities?A、Her great talent. B、Her family's support. C、Their long history. D、Their great work for women.(2)、What is the son's attitude to his mother's plan?A、Cautious. B、Favorable. C、Disappointed. D、Critical.(3)、Why did Gina join the Cycling UK in the beginning?A、To raise money for her son. B、To support charities. C、To improve her health. D、To realize her childhood dream.(4)、What does Faye expect from Gina's example?A、People will donate more money to the disabled. B、People will pay more attention to health. C、More people will be inspired to support the charity. D、More people will like cycling.