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    Look inside any family home in the evening, and you might see a typical enough scene: Mom and Dad, each on their own laptop or tablet, streaming movies, catching up on work or maybe answering emails on their smartphones. Meanwhile, one child is chatting online with one school friend while texting another. The other is playing a video game with a friend on the other side of the city at the same time. Each member of the family is totally absorbed in his or her own piece of technology.

    According to some experts, the effect of technology on human relationships is worrying as technology becomes a substitute for face-to-face human relationships. It appears to be the case that many people would much rather spend time with their electronic gadgets (电子产品) than with one another. Young people say it is difficult to get their parents' attention and they have to compete with smartphones, tablets and other technology.

    However, a report from the Pew Internet and American Life Project offers a more helpful and encouraging view, suggesting that far from replacing human contact, technology can actually better family relationships. Just over half of the 2, 253 people surveyed agreed that technology had enabled them to increase their contact with distant family members and 47 percent said it had improved the communication with the people they lived with. Moreover, even the closest members of families need time away from each other at some point to seek their own interests. Family members who might otherwise have sat in separate rooms can now be in the same one while still occupying a different mental space.

    Look back at our typical family scene above. Is it any different from four people reading their own books? Or is it driving families apart? Where technology will lead us remains to be seen. Yet there is no need to worry. As a matter of fact, how it affects our family relationships depends on our attitude toward technology.

注意：①内容应包括以上要点，可适当增加细节，以使内容连贯；②词数：80词左右。

    Many of you fail to seek your purpose in life. You dream and then follow it up with a list of reasons the dream is unachievable. You fill your life with different (excuse) and "I can't", which gradually leave your dreams (break).

    Many great companies came from a dream, were nurtured (培育) in a garage or basement and (grow) to be traded on the New York Stock Exchange. Why not you? Why not your dream? The only true limits you experience in life are those you create or those you allow others (put) on you. If you can dream it, you can do it!

    Dreaming is the easy part while (act) on the dream is hard. Recognize that a dream is journey. On the simplest level, it takes time, desire, and courage. But rarely is something great (easy) realized. Dreaming is recognizing and believing the potential for greatness and seeking it in all areas of your life. Believe in your dreams and your ability to realize (they). Keep your dreams front of you. Do not be afraid to dream. Never forget, if you can dream it, you can do it!

    Food has always been one of the greatest wants of humankind. The search for food is the 1 human behavior. Thus, 2 food were easier to get and prepare, it would be really 3 to humankind. It would reduce a great burden (负担). The development of processed foods (加工食品) has made food easier to get and prepare. 4 every coin has two sides. Apart from its advantages, the 5 of cooking also has its disadvantages.

    Though processed foods seem a great way to save 6, they offer much less nutritional (营养的) value than traditional foods. People today are so 7 that they are not able to spend enough time preparing their food. As a result, many people 8 to eat processed foods, ready-to-cook meals and various fast foods. But what will 9 if one eats such food all year round? It will damage your 10. The nutritional value of the food is not so high. Worse still, research shows that preservatives (防腐剂) used in these foods are 11 to children. That's why health experts warn people not to eat too much of such 12 food.

    Besides, since people spend little time 13 food, the culture of cooking is slowly 14. Cooking is not done just to satisfy hunger; it is also a(n) 15 form of art. Across the world, there are thousands of 16 cooking styles. If young people are used to processed foods, few of them will develop great cooking 17. And when they become parents, it will be hard for their children to enjoy a(n) 18 home-cooked meal. What's more, cooking is a great time for 19 to connect. There is a lot of 20 when family members are preparing food together.

    In a word, I believe though processed food has made the preparation of food much easier, it has not been a good step for humankind.

    You might think that simple things like saying hello and goodbye are the same in every culture. Think again!

    Shaking hands to say hello or goodbye was a Western custom (风俗) at first.

    Traditionally, the Chinese custom for greeting was to hold one's hands together and nod their head a little.

    Japanese people greet each other by bowing (鞠躬). When greeting an older or more important person, it is usual to bow lower and for longer. But only men did it.

    People in European countries such as Italy often greet each other with a kiss on both cheeks (脸颊). Even men greet each other like this.

    Eskimos, a group of people living in the very cold northern areas of North America, greet each other by lightly rubbing (摩擦) their noses together. Often, Eskimos only leave their eyes and noses uncovered. And the rest of their bodies are covered with warm clothing and their hands with gloves.

    When you're not sure what the customs are in a new country, there's one greeting that is the same all over the world: a smile.

    The English language has a lot of words which can be used in many different ways and in many different expressions.

    One such example is the word matter. In fact, matter can mean just about anything. It could be one of the most useful words in the English language.

    Let's get to the heart of the matter—a matter of principle (原则).

    If someone says that you owe (欠) him $50, but you don't, a friend might say, "Well, you could pay him the $50. It's not that much money. Then you won't have to hear him say it anymore." But if you do not owe him the money, do not pay him the money. It's a matter of principle.

    There is another way to use the word matter. But be careful with your choice of words.

    If you ask someone, "What's the matter?" it shows you are worried about the other person. But saying, "What's the matter with you?" has a completely different meaning. And it usually sounds rude (粗鲁的). In fact, when you say, "What's the matter with you?" you are suggesting that the person did something wrong or stupid.

    Another expression that could sound rude is to say, "It doesn't matter to me." Here, it depends on the context, and how you say it.

    Let's say you tell someone that a friend just got a big raise at work. That person answers with, "It doesn't matter to me." Here, it means he or she does not care. And it sounds rude.

    But saying, "Oh, you pick where we eat dinner. It doesn't matter to me." does not sound rude. In this situation, "it doesn't matter" shows you are easy-going (随和的).

    No matter how you look at it and what you say, matter is a very useful word. And it's only a matter of time before you will become an expert on the use of matter.

    To develop one's taste in English, the most effective way is to read English books extensively. Yet one may be at a loss to choose the appropriate books, especially as a beginner. As a native Spanish, I would like to share some of my experience.

    My first English novel was Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, recommended by many English teachers and professors as an ideal book for English learners. But my experience was somewhat disastrous. I had great difficulty in understanding the novel, let alone enjoying it. It's not the vocabulary that troubled me, but rather the way Austen constructs sentences, and her way of thinking, which seemed too remote to me at that time. My fading enthusiasm was much recovered after reading Hemingway's novel A Farewell to Arms. No long and complicated sentences. And I particularly liked his brief and straightforward (简洁的) style. So my first suggestion is, as a beginner, you'd better choose contemporary novels instead of classical ones.

    However, if you restrict yourself to novels you will miss a lot of treasures. English essays can at once inform you, entertain you, and improve your taste in English. The best example is Bertrand Russell's work. Its language is plain, yet you cannot help feeling the elegance and the peculiar sense of humor. His simple language enables his philosophy within the reach of ordinary people. Here comes my second suggestion—essays are indispensable.

    Never follow others' recommendations and opinions blindly, however famous or influential (有很大影响的) the person might be. We should be open to various ideas, but always think and determine for ourselves. As a saying goes, one man's meat is another man's poison. With that in mind, we are bound to find out our favorite writers through reading and develop our fine taste in English.

    LaVonn was helping out in her dad's store when a little boy, about five or six years old, came in. He was wearing a brown and oversized coat with dirty, old clothes beneath it. His shoes were broken, and only one had lace (鞋带). The boy looked around the store, picked up several items, examined them one by one and then carefully put them back on the shelf.

    LaVonn's dad walked over to the child and asked if he could help. The little boy said, "I'm looking for a gift for my brother." After 20 minutes, the child picked up a toy airplane. He held it carefully in his hands as if it were made of glass and carried it to LaVonn's father.

    "How much is this?" he asked. "My brother loves airplanes." LaVonn's dad answered, "How much money do you have?" The little boy reached into his coat and pulled out some small change (零钱). He spread his money out on the table and began to count. "I have twenty-seven cents," he answered. Her dad picked up the coins and said, "The airplane costs exactly twenty-seven cents! Wait here and I'll pack it up for you."

    The little boy walked out of the store with the gift and a smile of total satisfaction on his face. LaVonn made her way back to the shelf and she found the plane was priced at $11.98.She never mentioned it to her father. Her father didn't say anything more about it either, but she realized later, "My best gift that Christmas was seeing my dad's love in action."

    How many of us could go a week without our cell phone? Do you even bother to memorize phone numbers any more? Technology has made life so convenient for us. However, we have to face facts: Technology has made us lazy and dependent.

    What's the point of getting up, taking a shower, getting dressed, and driving to the movies when you can just sit on the couch and fire up Netflix? We've all been there before. You're on the fence about whether or not you want to get out and do something, but then something comes over you. You start looking around at your PS3 and laptop, then realize you can have just as much fun staying in the house.

    Is it even possible to get lost anymore? I get the feeling that we're getting closer and closer to the day when people won't even be able to read paper maps anymore. There are already a lot of young adults that have no idea how to navigate (导航) through their own cities without using a GPS. Being able to print out complete turn by turn directions for where you need to go on MapQuest pretty much killed the need for a map.

    We have all Googled something that we were completely embarrassed we didn't know the answer to. According to Google, "How to tie a tie" gets over 500, 000 searches a month. Exactly, a quick search on Google will bring up instructional YouTube videos, blog posts, and PDF's that show you how to do anything. So much for being self sufficient.

    Running errands (跑腿) used to take up entire Saturday mornings. By the time you got home, you were tired and just wanted to relax. Well thanks to online shopping and services like Peapod, running your own errands is a thing of the past.

    I'm definitely part of the problem here because I love online shopping. But I can admit that it has made me somewhat lazy.

注意：①词数80左右（信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；②可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Wang Lin,

Yours sincerely,

Tom

    Living beside an active volcano (火山) means that small earthquakes are not unusual. Everybody here knows they feel like, and they come no surprise to the local people. For me, they're a little different, though.

    What do you do when there's an earthquake? Most people would try to leave the building. I live on third floor of a flat with several more stores above me—nobody wants (trap) under that after an earthquake. I guess, if an earthquake came, I would probably just panic rather than think about what I need to do, such as hiding somewhere or (run) out of the building.

    I had never felt an earthquake until last week. There was a small earthquake could hardly even be called an earthquake. I was not really (frighten). To feel the earth move like that was just strange. Of course, it (last) only a few seconds. I have spoken to the local people since the event and (luck), there were no injuries or damage (do) by it. But if it had been a real earthquake, I think I would have felt quite differently.

    Earthquakes are common; thousands of them happen each day. But most are too 1 to feel. During a 2 earthquake, there is often a great noise first. Then the earth 3 terribly and many houses 4 down. Railway tracks break and trains go 5 lines; a great many factories are 6; thousands of deaths are caused, and many more lose homes… 7 the great damage and deaths caused by the earthquake 8, other disasters such as fires often 9. More buildings are destroyed and more 10 caused.

    Man knows the 11 of a possible earthquake, and for centuries man has been making researches on earthquakes. More than 2, 000 years ago, 12, a Chinese scientist named Zhang Heng 13 a machine which could find out from which 14 the seismic waves had come, and this machine is still 15 by scientists today. Now we know much more about earthquakes and 16 they happen, but we still cannot 17 exactly when and where an earthquake will happen, and cannot 18 it from happening. So earthquakes are among the 19 disasters in the world.

    No one can stop natural earthquakes. 20, scientists can help stop earthquakes destroying whole cities and causing too many deaths.

    Everybody hates rats. But in the earthquake capitals of the world—Japan, Los Angeles, Turkey—rats will soon be man's new best friends.

    What happens after an earthquake? We send in rescue dogs. Why? Because they can smell people. Dogs save lives. They help rescuers to find living people. But dogs are big and they can't get into small spaces. So now a new research project is using a smaller animal to save lives: the rat.

    How does it work? First, the rat is trained to smell people. When this happens, the rat's brain gives a signal (信号). This is sent to a small radio on its back, and then the rescuers follow the radio signals. When the rat's brain activity jumps, the rescuers know that someone is alive. The rat has smelled that person.

    Although there are already robots which can do this job, rats are better. Christian Linster at Cornell University, New York, says, "Robots' noses don't work well when there are other smells around. Rats are good at that." Rats can also see in the dark. They are cheaper and quicker to train than dogs, and unlike robots, they don't need electricity!

    The "rat project" is not finished, but Julie Ryan of International Rescue Corps in Scotland says, "It would be fantastic. A rat could get into spaces we couldn't get to, and a rat would get out if it wasn't safe." Perhaps for the first time in history, people will be happy to see a rat in a building (but only after an earthquake, of course).

    Earthquakes strike suddenly at any time of the day or night, but there's no way to tell when. If an earthquake happens, it may cause many deaths, injuries and damage. So you need a good preparation ahead of time. Decide how and where your family will get together if separated. Choose an out-of-state friend or relative that the family members can call after the quake to report where they are and how they are. Know the safe places in each room: under the strong tables, desks, or against inside walls. Keep enough food, water and other things, including a flashlight, a radio, medicines and clothing.

    During the earthquake, you should keep a clear head and never be too nervous to know what to do. Protect your head and neck with your arms. If possible, take a book, a pillow or any other things to protect yourself from falling glass and ruins. If you are indoors, you must immediately lie under any strong furniture. If outdoors, move to an open area away from trees, buildings, walls or power poles. If you are in a narrow valley, move to the centre of it and look up for falling stones. If you are in a car, move to the side of the road and stop the car. Do not stop near buildings, power lines or on or under bridges. Stay in your car until the shaking stops.

    Do not move a badly injured person unless he is in great danger after the earthquake. Do not use the telephone immediately unless there is a serious injury or fire. Turn on your radio for instructions and news reports. Be prepared for aftershocks. If you want to leave your home, post a message inside your home telling your family members where you can be found.

    I'm a speaker and give hundreds of speeches every year. I spoke about appreciation (感激) last month and I used this quote by Albert Schweitzer "Sometimes our light goes out but is blown again into flame by meeting with another human being. Each of us should express the deepest thanks to those who have relighted this inner (内心的) light."

    I asked my audiences to shut their eyes and think about someone who, at some time in their lives, has relighted their inner light. Then I left the room in silence for several minutes. It was always a meaningful experience as they remembered the joy they felt from another person.

    One day, a gentleman came up to talk with me and thanked me for creating a new awareness (意识) in him. He said he thought of his eighth-grade history teacher because she was everyone's favorite teacher and had really made a difference in all of their lives. Several days later, the gentleman found his history teacher and he wrote to her. The following week he received this letter:

    Dear John,

    You will never know how much your letter meant to me. I am 83 years old, and I am living all alone in one room. My friends are all gone. My family's gone. I taught 50 years and yours is the first "thank you" letter I have ever gotten from a student. Sometimes I wonder what I did with my life. I will read and reread your letter until the day I die.

    The gentleman was sad, "She is always the one we talk about when we have a get-together. She is everyone's favorite teacher—we love her! But no one had ever told her until she received my letter…"

    It was summer, and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before. He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West.

    We took a plane to Albuquerque, a big city in the state of New Mexico. We reached Albuquerque in the late afternoon. Uncle Paul, my dad's friend, picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos.

    His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner and we got to know his sons Ryan and Kyle. My dad and I spent the night in the guestroom of the farm house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby. Very early in the morning, Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast. "The day starts at dawn on my farm," he said. After breakfast, I went to help Aunt Tina feed the chickens, while my dad went with Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze (吃草). I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses. They looked really cool.

    In the afternoon, I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, as long as my dad went with me. I wasn't going to take a horse ride by myself anyway. So, my dad and I put on our new cowboy hats, got on our horses, and headed slowly towards the mountains. "Don't be late for supper, "Uncle Paul cried, "and keep to the track so that you don't get lost!" "OK!" my dad cried back. After a while Uncle Paul and his farm house were out of sight. It was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene. It looked like a beautiful woven (编织的) blanket spread out upon the ground just for us.

注意：①所续写短文的词数应为150左右；②至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；③续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；④续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

Paragraph 1:

    Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.

Paragraph 2:

    We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark.

注意：①词数80左右（信的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数）；②可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Harry,

    I am glad to receive your letter.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

How to achieve a healthy lifestyle

    We all know that it is good to live a healthy life. (live) a healthy life means we should eat healthy food. Yet for many of us keeping a healthy lifestyle is very difficult. Part of this is because we are creatures of habit.

    So if you want (live) a healthy life, you have to change your habits that are not so healthy. In order to feel less tired, you have to replace your habit of sleeping only 4 hours a day with sleeping at least 6 hours a day.

    Now when most people decide to live a more healthy life, they try to deal with all of their habits all at once. Take losing weight example. They go on quite strict diet, and yes, they do lose weight, sometimes a lot of weight in a short period. But they do not really change their eating habits. So these people often notice they will gain the weight and more even, once they stop the diet.

    And the same holds true for these people. They start exercising in order to lose weight or to overcome a physical problem. Once the weight has been lost or the problem has been overcome, many stop (exercise). It has not become a habit.

    In fact, a lot of people don't look forward to (create) these habits, such as eating breakfast, regular physical exercise and enough sleep. People complain these habits are so (bore) and difficult to achieve that they have (little) time to spend on things they like to do. So people should change their attitudes first. What if you thought of chocolate as a kind of boring food? What if you thought of physical exercise as something (relax)?

    My dad also taught me, by example, that a healthy lifestyle is important. He was 1 ever sick. I don't think my dad ever even had a cup of coffee. He seldom 2 alcohol.

    He would say, "Bonnie, your 3 is a reflection of your overall physical well-being. So 4 you want to sing well, take better care of yourself." If I became hoarse (嘶哑) or caught a cold, he didn't 5 me directly, "Well, Bonnie, you know, if you get to sleep a little earlier, that would probably be a good 6." When I decided to get silent about 18 years ago, he told me, "See, Bonnie, it's so great to see you in such strong voice 7."

    He just did not complain (抱怨), even when he was uncomfortable towards the end, 8 the cancer that eventually 9 his life. He simply made a 10 to be positive.

    I am so glad that we had the 11 to perform together. I was touched that he tried singing my music, 12 the bluesy style didn't come 13 to him. Then, when I had so much Grammy (格莱美奖) 14 with my album Nick of Time in 1990, I 15, hey, I had one of the greatest 16  of all time in my family. I was very 17 about doing The Boston Pops Show on TV with my dad. To 18  me, he said, "Bonnie, a beautiful song is a beautiful song. Just 19 it." I looked in my dad's 20, and there we were singing the Irving Berlin Song. Of all the duets (二重唱) I've done, that one will always be a highlight.