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The study exposed 49 bats to a series of ringtones that attracted their attention, and trained them to associate flying toward just one of the tones with a reward: a baitfish (饵鱼) snack.

In the first stage, individual frog-eating bats captured for a series of recognition tests were exposed to a highly captivating sound in the lab: the call of the male túngara frog, one of the bats' preferred prey (猎物). Flying to that sound was rewarded with a piece of baitfish placed on the net above the speaker.

Over time, the sound was mixed with and gradually replaced by a ringtone, but the reward was the same. Researchers then introduced three other ringtones, none of which was connected to a food reward. Bats were trained to tell the differences and eventually no longer flew toward the unrewarded sounds. Each bat secured at least 40 snacks by flying to the trained ringtone over 11 to 27 days. All bats were microchipped and returned to the wild.

Beginning a year later and for three additional years, eight of those bats were recaptured and exposed again to the food-related ringtone. All of them flew toward the sound, and six flew all the way to the speaker and grabbed the food reward, meaning they expected to find food. Control bats without previous training on the sounds were unmoved by the exposure to the unfamiliar tones.

"I was surprised. Four years strikes me as a long time to hold on to a sound that you might never hear again. The study taught us a lot. Trying to figure out how animals use learning and memory is one way to figure out how they're going to make it in a life full of change in the modern world," said lead author May Dixon.

In the experiments, 30 volunteers used a machine that imitated (模仿) car driving, in which they were made to feel carsick while wearing an electroencephalograph (EEG) cap. This allowed researchers to "read" the volunteers' brain activity in real time, as it changed from a stable state to one of carsickness, and gradually back again. Volunteers were divided into six groups. Four groups listened to a minute of music after the sick-making drive; one group listened to no music after the drive, and instead spend one minute meditating (冥想), that is, staying calm and focusing on their breathing; and one ended the drive right before volunteers were expected to feel discomfort.

The researchers found that joyful music reduced symptoms of carsickness by 14% compared to the group that meditated. Soft music was the next best type. It reduced symptoms by 13.4% compared to the meditation controls. It's difficult to evaluate how significant these changes are, as the current experiments were grounded in a small group of people with limited statistical power. Even so, the results have found music can be powerful — changing the way we feel, for better or worse.

Previous studies have also shown that a favorite music can reduce symptoms of visually caused carsickness or "cybersickness" from virtual reality devices. But while some research suggests that sad music can improve mood and make us feel good, it's possible that in some situations, it can have the opposite effect. Sad music may worsen discomfort through emotional connection, the authors suggest. In contrast, cheerful or relaxing music may help volunteers maintain a good physical state, thus improving their comfort.

There are around 1,800 homeless people in his city and that number is rising. Zebian wants to help end homelessness, and he's also concerned about home prices in general and how they will continue to impact housing in the future. "Essentially, what I'm trying to do is bring a home to the public that could be built in one day, is affordable, and still carries some architecturally striking features," said Zebian. "We don't want to be bringing a house to Canadians that is just boxy and that not much thought was put into."

So, he went to the drawing board and designed a modular home that can reportedly be assembled in just one day. The home is made of fiberglass panels and PET foam (泡沫). He said these choices were made because they can provide solid structural support. "For our roofing system, we're actually using a PET foam core that helps keep the temperature stable inside and supports the structure and structural integrity of the roof," said Zebian.

Zebian's current prototype (模型) measures 8 feet by 5 feet by 8 feet. But his design process didn't end with a prototype. The young innovator plans to live in one of his modular homes for a full year beginning in May 2026. The goal is to work out any and all issues before actually taking the design to manufacturers. He wants to prove his invention can actually be used to help people facing homelessness.

Lily and I were huge Harry Potter fans. Since third grade, we had spent our lunch breaks pretending to fly on paper broomsticks (扫帚) and dreaming about receiving our own acceptance letters from Hogwarts. So when Lily showed me her most treasured book — a first-edition copy of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone passed down from her aunt — my eyes widened in amazement. It wasn't just a book. It was a passport to our magical world.

After weeks of begging, she finally agreed to lend it to me. "Please be careful with it," she said as she handed it over.

I held it tightly against my chest and promised, "I'll guard it with my life!"

But that promise lasted only three hours.

On my way home, I held the book close, protecting it from the rain with my umbrella. Suddenly, a car drove through a puddle (水坑) nearby. I jumped back in surprise, and the book slipped from my hands. It fell right into the muddy water. I grabbed it immediately, my heart racing. The beautiful cover was now spotted with mud. When I opened it, my stomach dropped. There, on our favorite picture of Harry flying on his broomstick, was a tear running right through his broom.

That night, I couldn't sleep. I kept staring at the damaged page, feeling terrible. Part of me wanted to lie and blame a runaway dog. Maybe Lily would believe me. But deep down, I knew that running away from my mistake wouldn't make it disappear — not the tear in the book, and not the guilt in my heart.

So I decided to fix the book the way Lily would like: with a bit of magic. What if the tear wasn't just a tear, but a line of shining light? I pulled out my toolbox, found a gold pen, and took out some Harry Potter stickers I had been saving for years. My eyes landed on one particular sticker — a broomstick with wings. What if that broomstick had been flying beside Harry all along?

注意：

（1）续写词数应为150左右；

（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

With these ideas in mind, I opened the book to the damaged page.

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The next morning, I walked up to Lily with the book in my hands.

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（1）它的样貌；

（2）它的功能。

注意：

（1）写作词数应为80左右；

（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

My Ideal AI Learning Partner

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Located in the historic Dashilan area of Beijing's Qianmen district, the Daguanlou Cinema is one of the earliest cinemas in China and is celebrated the birthplace of Chinese film, representing the lasting legacy (遗产) of cinematic art and modern (innovate).

In 1905, Ren Qingtai, owner of Fengtai Photo Studio, invited Peking Opera master Tan Xinpei to star in an opera movie (name) Dingjun Mountain. Classic scenes like "Requesting Orders," "Swordplay," and "Battle"  (film) as silent movie parts. These were first shown at the then-called Daguanlou Theater on December 28, 1905, (mark) the beginning of Chinese cinema's journey.

Today, the Daguanlou Theater has evolved (演变) into the Daguanlou Cinema, ground floor hosts a living museum, displaying stills from Dingjun Mountain, classic posters, and historical film projectors. Walking through, visitors can (direct) experience the century-old story of Chinese cinema.

In recent years, beyond developing film-related products, it (establish) strong ties with the Dashilan area, emerging as a dynamic model for cultural tourism that attracts many domestic and overseas tourists with its  (character) mix of movie screenings, shopping, and tea appreciation.

The cinema's fusion (融合) of the old and the new offers unique experience, attracting young audiences seeking a connection with the past while enjoying modern comfort.

This moment6 me deeply. I wondered why I made my child cry just over a7. I wondered since when I had become such a serious person. Growing up with two big brothers, I learned to8 to earn my place at home from an early age. Later, in my9, I carried that fighting spirit into business deals. But at home, I was10 how to be gentle and understanding. Even in a simple game, I was treating it like a real 11. I had been so used to the work mode that I didn't realize I was bringing it into family life.

That night, I understood that I needed to12. I had been so caught up in work that I forgot to 13 when I was with my family. Life wasn't a business deal — it was about connection, warmth, and14. From then on, I promised myself to leave my work behind, be more patient, and enjoy the15 moments with my children.

First, plastic bottles are collected, sorted, and cleaned. After cleaning, they are cut, melted into liquid, and stretched into thin fibers. These fibers are then spun into yarn (纱线), which can be woven into different kinds of fabric. Finally, the fabric goes through finishing processes such as printing or coating to achieve the desired color, pattern, and performance.

Some people assume that clothing made from "waste" must be cheap or low-quality. It is true that plastic-based fabrics can be less breathable and may feel rough for people with sensitive skin. According to a Textile (纺织品) Exchange report, the use of rPET grew by 20% between 2020 and 2021, and made up about 14% of all global polyester production in 2022. This growth comes from rising awareness of both its practical advantages and its environmental value.

In terms of performance, rPET is strong, durable, and quick-drying — qualities that make it ideal for sportswear.  Beyond performance, rPET supports the environment. Producing it uses 99% less water than producing traditional polyester, an important benefit for water-stressed regions involved in textile manufacturing. It also helps reduce waste. About 25 rPET bottles can be turned into the fibers for one jacket.

rPET is not a perfect solution to plastic pollution, but it is a meaningful step toward more sustainable fashion and a cleaner planet.

A. It is also lightweight and wrinkle-resistant.

B. However, market trends tell a different story.

C. The transformation happens through several steps.

D. This keeps millions of plastic bottles out of landfills each year.

E. Recycling rPET fabric back into new fabric can be challenging.

F. While it is safe to wear, it releases microplastics when it is washed.

G. Unlike traditional polyester made from petrol, rPET uses existing plastic.

This advancement responds directly to the persistent problems associated with traditional farming. Decades of heavy reliance on chemical herbicides (除草剂) have caused significant environmental harm, including soil degradation and water pollution. For China, a nation with vast agricultural lands, finding a sustainable solution is a matter of particular urgency.

So, how does this "robot farmer" work? At its core, it combines artificial intelligence with advanced light technology. Its AI-powered visual system, trained on a vast database of plant images, acts as a smart "eye" that can distinguish weeds from crops in milliseconds. Once a weed is spotted, the robot delivers a precise laser beam (激光束) to each weed's growth center, destroying key cells and causing the plant to die naturally, all without harming the surrounding crops or the soil.

The advantages of this approach are substantial. In terms of efficiency, an advanced model equipped with 32 laser heads can destroy up to 320,000 weeds per hour, which is four to eight times more efficient than traditional methods. Through continuous operation, it achieves a weed control rate of over 95%, far outperforming hand weeding and obviating the need for this back-breaking task. Ecologically, it significantly reduces the use of chemicals, thereby cutting off a primary source of agricultural pollution.

The introduction of this technology is part of a broader shift toward automated and sustainable agriculture in China and abroad. As farms worldwide seek to enhance efficiency while minimizing environmental impact, robotic solutions like the Hg LaserWeeder are likely to become increasingly common. This technology signals a move toward precision agriculture, where data-driven tools enable farmers to manage their crops with greater accuracy and less dependence on chemicals, pointing the way for a cleaner, more efficient future for farming.

People with this cognitive (认知的) bias tend to believe they are far more capable than they really are. Because they know little about a subject, they often mistake their limited understanding for real competence and remain unaware of how much they do not know.

This idea was first examined by psychologists David Dunning and Justin Kruger. In a series of experiments, participants were asked to complete tests involving grammar, logical reasoning, and humor. After finishing the tasks, they were asked to estimate how well they had performed. To the researchers' surprise, participants who scored in the lowest group consistently rated their performance much higher than it actually was. For example, those in the bottom 12% often believed they had performed above average. In contrast, participants who achieved high scores tended to underestimate their performance.

According to researchers, this pattern can be explained by a "dual burden." The skills needed to perform a task well are also required to judge one's own performance. When people lack these skills, they not only make more mistakes but also fail to assess their performance accurately.

The Dunning-Kruger effect has important real-world consequences, as it discourages individuals from seeking feedback or further study. To overcome this, one must understand that true confidence is built on accurate self-awareness. It is developed through continuous learning, actively seeking constructive criticism, and, most crucially, by grounding self-assessment in measurable standards, such as test scores, recorded progress, or expert feedback, rather than merely relying on subjective feelings. This practice not only clarifies what one knows but also sharpens one's ability to judge that knowledge.

To that end, Gibson uses his training in therapeutic horticulture (疗愈园艺) to serve communities. He is known for his distinctive style, based on what he calls the "Gibson method," which has five elements: storytelling; geometry for balance and harmony; a special tree-trimming technique that shapes trees; visual effects for striking appearances; and directional trimming, which smooths the surface like brushing hair.

Depending on the plant variety and location, a single tree can take 5 to 10 hours to complete, while larger projects may take 20 to 30 hours and need to be maintained two or three times a year. At home in South Carolina, he retrims his topiaries every six to eight weeks, and a design can take years to fully develop.

Gibson started developing his signature method early in life. His mother, a beautician, taught him to cut hair, and his artist father introduced him to the fundamentals of art —   geometric shapes, proportional faces, and 3D images. After years of practice in the yard, he turned topiary into a side job while doing other work. Gradually, clients and neighbors noticed his vision, and by 2021 he transformed it into a full-time career, focusing on and continuing to refine his topiary art.

Gibson is now creating a therapeutic sensory garden. He hopes it will be a place both children and adults keep returning to, while teaching them lessons in horticulture they can apply in everyday life. "When we're throwing away dead wood and branches we don't need anymore, think of those as bad habits," he said. "You need to cut off the bad habits so they don't affect your design later. That's a life lesson."

Zermatt ski areas

Zermatt has over 200 km of pistes (滑雪道) which comprise 12 blue, 41 red, and 21 black runs. Its main skiing areas include:

·Sunnegga: It provides easy access to blue runs, ideal for beginners and families with children.

·Blauherd: As a gateway to higher-altitude pistes, it is suited for intermediate (中级的) skiers with its mix of blue and red runs.

·Schwarzsee: Best for experienced skiers, it features challenging black runs.

·Klein Matterhorn (Matterhorn Ski Paradise): As Europe's highest ski area, it offers red and black runs for intermediate and advanced skiers.

Ski and snowboard schools

To make the most of your time in Zermatt, explore the following schools and guides for expert instruction.

When my art teacher Ms. Lopez invited me to join the after-school painting club, I shook my head firmly, filled with shyness and deep self-doubt. "Thank you, but I'm not creative at all," I mumbled, staring at the floor to avoid her kind eyes. "I can only draw clumsy stick figures, and I'm sure I'll embarrass myself in front of the other talented students." Ms. Lopez chuckled softly, patted my shoulder, and handed me a new sketchbook (素描本). "Creativity isn't about perfect pictures," she said patiently. "It's about expressing your true feelings. Just give one class a try."

Unwillingly, I agreed, and my nervousness peaked at the first meeting. The art room walls were covered with amazing works — vivid sunsets, lifelike cats, and delicate portraits. I slipped into a corner, gripping my pencil so tight that my knuckles (指关节) whitened. Staring at the blank page, I dared not draw a single line, fearing the students would laugh at my unskilled work and simple ideas.

Ms. Lopez noticed my anxiety and sat beside me quietly. "What makes you feel truly happy and relaxed?" she asked softly. "My grandma's apple orchard (果园)," I replied instantly. "I go there every weekend and love everything about it, especially the old apple tree and the little sparrows." "Then draw that," she encouraged. "Forget the rules — just paint how that place makes you feel inside."

Taking a deep breath, I started sketching the old apple tree I loved so much. I drew its thick branches stretching toward the sky and a tiny sparrow perched on one limb, singing happily. When I finished, Ms. Lopez held up my sketch proudly. "This work has so much heart!" she said warmly. The class broke into applause, and Mia, the girl sitting beside me, whispered softly, "The sparrow looks so alive and lovely!" However, I could still see that it was far from perfect with uneven lines.

注意：

(1)续写词数应为 150左右；

(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Paragraph 1: Inspired by their encouragement, I decided to keep painting the orchard.

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Paragraph 2: That weekend, I went to grandma's orchard with my sketchbook

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(1)陈述对课程的理解；

(2)分析自身申请优势。

注意：

(1)写作词数应为100左右；

(2)可适当增加细节，使内容充实、行文连贯。

Dear Mr. Smith,

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Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

The integration of robotics into daily life has transformed various aspects of individuals' interaction with technology and their environments. Robots are not just futuristic concepts but present-day tools boost efficiency and productivity through human collaboration (handle) tasks from simple chores to complex operations.

Humanoid robots, (equip) with artificial intelligence, are increasingly employed in environments such as healthcare, education, and customer service. Their ability to engage with people on a social level allows them to provide companionship, support, and interactive learning experiences. Robotic assistants, in contrast, have made (significance) progress into corporate world and personal spaces. From robotic vacuum cleaners to advanced programming bots, these robots (design) to improve daily routines. They enable individuals to distribute their time and resources more (efficient), allowing for a greater focus on strategic and creative efforts.

rise of robotics in daily life signifies a technological evolution and represents a fundamental shift in how authority and efficiency are perceived. Individuals and (organize) can position themselves at the forefront of a swiftly advancing world embracing these innovations. The future is here, those who can employ these tools will certainly lead the charge into a new era of productivity and engagement.

My3 began two years ago when I4 a collection of dusty, old photos. I looked to see if there were any names on the backs. I thought: if these were mine, I'd want someone to5 them to me. So I made it my6 to do so for others. Up to now, I have collected over 50,000 items like photographs, albums, and even undeveloped films.

To find the owners, I set up a social media account. The first item I7 was a tape of a family holiday, where the son was wearing a T-shirt with the words "Wesleyan swimming" on it.

My followers8 athletic departments in universities across the US and asked swimming coaches from the 90s if they recognized the student.9, just a few days later, someone10 him. To confirm he was just the person in the photo, we11 him down on social media. He couldn't believe it and was extremely12 to be reunited with the tape. He then recreated some of the movies with his own sons.

This journey of mending memory's gaps is far more13 than I could have imagined. Here, what was once lost is gently restored to its rightful place, and14 blooms as stories reunite with the15 that once held them close.

Firstly, challenge your key assumptions. Based on past experience, our mind constantly makes assumptions about the world. However, what saves us time and energy can lead to wrong conclusions if they remain unchallenged. Start by working in a team and questioning each other's assumptions.

You should also consider alternative explanations. Humans seek explanations, and we prefer the one that comes to mind first. It pays to naturally look beyond the most obvious explanations. This is to avoid confirmation bias; when we ignore evidence that goes against a prior belief. A master thinker treats their preferred explanation just as an assumption.

They simply refer to the main factors influencing how things have been going or how they will go. If we practice watching for driving factors when we have time to think, we'll be able to identify them more instinctively on occasions when we're in a hurry. The master thinker prioritizes the factors that impact an issue the most.

Finally, consider the overall context. The master thinker considers the circumstances and conditions of an issue. A few minutes to orient ourselves and reflect on the situation as a whole can once more save us time down the road. Only then is it time to consider the details and incorporate them back into said picture.

A. Moreover, try to focus on key drivers.

B. Attempt to think about problems wisely.

C. However, that isn't necessarily the correct one.

D. This habit involves looking at the big picture first.

E. True expert thinkers know the limitations of their minds.

F. This collaborative approach enables your thinking to be challenged.

G. Actually, the habits of master thinkers can help in reasoning and making decisions.

KTU professor Dr Tadas Ždankus and his team have been investigating how the ground can serve as a medium for heat storage. At the core of their research is a ground-based heat accumulator that would store left energy underground and make it available when demand peaks.

Initially, the team explored how to use wind energy to produce heat via a hydraulic system (液压系统). They found that so-called hydraulic losses, typically seen as inefficiencies, were actually generating usable heat.However, part of heat was lost before reaching buildings. The question became how to not only decrease heat loss but also store it.

To test this idea, the researchers conducted experiments using an artificial heat source placed in surface soil layers. They measured how heat spreads and persists in the ground. In one test, when the soil was heated to the boiling point, it caused a phase change (相变), in which liquid water becomes vapor."Phase change can be an efficient way. We noticed a sharp temperature rise wherever the vapour flow reached. This means the energy is moving and can be controlled." says Prof. Ždankus.

Once the possibility of underground heat storage was confirmed, researchers began exploring its practical applications. They developed a pilot model ground energy cell to study how heat spread through soil. The year-long measurements revealed the soil beneath buildings could passively store heat, making use of the natural downward flow of heat from buildings into the ground.

To put these ground-based storage systems into widespread use, researchers are now developing scaled-down pilot models and refining heat distribution control methods."Our immediate goal is to integrate existing solutions into a system that can benefit both industry and residential sectors." Ždankus concludes.

To figure out the root cause, Arizona State University psychologist Frank J. Infurna and his colleagues analyzed survey data from 17 countries. They concluded that America's real midlife crisis stems from balancing work, finances, family and health amid weakening social supports, rather than personal lifestyle choices. Their findings, published in Current Directions in Psychological Science, point to multiple contributing factors and offer directions for change.

Family policy differences mark a key gap between the US and Europe. European countries have increased family welfare expenditure (支出) since the early 2000s, while US spending has stayed largely unchanged, lacking cash transfers, parental leave support and funded childcare. This leaves US middle-aged adults, who balance work, child-raising and elder care, facing steadily rising loneliness across generations.

Healthcare affordability and income inequality worsen the situation. The US spends the most on healthcare globally, yet individuals face limited access and high out-of-pocket costs, leading to stress, anxiety and medical debt. Income inequality has also grown in the US, unlike in Europe, and is linked to poorer health and greater loneliness, as it restricts education, employment and social service access.

Cultural patterns and weak social safety nets also contribute to the issue. Americans move frequently and live far from extended families, weakening social ties. Later US generations also face financial insecurity, while Europe's stronger safety nets protect its middle-aged population. Notably, education is losing its protective power: despite higher educational attainment, US middle-aged adults show episodic memory decline, weakened by ongoing stress and health risks.

The researchers stress these outcomes are not unavoidable. Personal social engagement can lessen stress, but individual efforts are insufficient — strong policy-backed safety nets are essential to reverse the troubling midlife health trends in the US.

She was expressing a philosophical truth. We tend to believe that to be happier, we need to become bigger in our own mind and in the minds of others. But that's wrong. What we really need to achieve both the perspective on life and the peace we desire is to get smaller in relation to everything and everyone else.

We are not the center of most things in life. And yet, when we don't recognize the truth, we go about our business with the illusion that we are the focus of intense outside interest. This fantasy is almost certainly a product of evolution: Our ancestors struggled to rise in social hierarchies by thinking that they mattered more as individuals than they actually did. This work of constantly comparing themselves with others made it more likely that they would keep their genes in a competitive mating environment. We inherited their belief of self-importance.

But this comes at a cost. Researchers have shown that such self-focus can cause emotional problems, making social situations or task performance feel frightening and unpleasant.

As I have shown in the past, getting happier very often requires you not to give in to natural tendencies. The world is constantly inviting you to try to make yourself appear bigger in others' eyes and in your own. The trick to finding happiness is to get smaller.