相关试卷

1、Does using an eco-friendly paper straw (吸管) give you a good feeling because you're doing something for the environment? "Straws made from plant-based materials, such as paper and bamboo, are often advertised as being more sustainable and eco-friendly than those made from plastic," says researcher Dr. Thimo Groffen, an environmental scientist at the University of Antwerp. "However, the presence of PFAS in these straws means that could be discredited."

PFAS chemicals, infamous for their longevity and potential harm, can adversely affect humans, wildlife and the environment. They biodegrade (生物降解) very slowly over time and can persist over thousands of years in the environment, a property that has led to them being known as "forever chemicals". They are linked to various health issues, including thyroid disease, liver damage, kidney cancer and so on. Furthermore, these chemicals are used in everyday items, such as outdoor clothing and non-stick pans, to make them water- and heat-resistant.

For a more in-depth analysis, the research team purchased 39 different brands of drinking straws made from five materials—paper, bamboo, glass, stainless steel and plastic, and then conducted two rounds of testing for PFAS. They found that most brands (69%) contained PFAS, with 18 different PFAS detected in total. In paper straws, PFAS was detected in 90% of the brands tested. PFAS was also detected in 80% of brands of bamboo straws, 75% of plastic straw brands and 40% of glass straw brands. They were not detected in any of the five types of steel straws tested.

"The presence of PFAS in paper and bamboo straws shows they are not necessarily biodegradable," says Dr. Groffen. "We did not detect any PFAS in stainless steel straws, so I would advise consumers to use this type of straw—or just avoid using straws."

The PFAS concentrations (浓度) were low and, considering that most people only use straws occasionally, pose a limited risk to human health. However, PFAS can remain in the body for many years and concentrations can build up over time. "Small amounts of PFAS, while not harmful in themselves, can add to the chemical load already present in the body," Dr. Groffen concludes.

2、European rabbits might not be much to look at. They have a grayish-brown coat, small ears, and short legs. But these animals are not as ordinary as they seem. European rabbits live in grass habitats. They are somewhat picky eaters. They dig and disturb the ground while they look for food. "Their activities can create areas of bare soil which plants require," rabbit expert Diana Bell says.

Rabbits also contribute nutrients to the soil after they leave their waste there. Researchers have found that this activity benefits lowland grassland habitats, which can help maintain beneficial conditions for many plants, insects, and bird species. Without the help of rabbits, many of these species would have to leave the area or might even die out.

But due to threats such as disease, habitat loss, and hunting, the animals are classified as endangered in their native region, the Iberian Peninsula. One disease called myxomatosis (兔瘟) is an insect-spread virus from South America that was on purpose introduced by a farmer in the mid-1950s to control the rabbit population. About 90% of European rabbits died during early outbreaks and the disease continues to affect rabbit populations on the Iberian Peninsula.

To help rabbit populations recover, Bell has suggestions in the habitat recovery project. She is encouraging people to do their part to help protect the rabbits. For instance, people can just create piles of branches and make sloping mounds (斜堆) of soil in their spare time and then the rabbits can find cover. Actions like these won't take people much energy or time, and over the past three years, researchers have found they are working. "Our work resulted in evidence of rabbit activity in significantly higher numbers," Bell says.

Environmentalists have used other methods to help protect decreasing rabbit populations such as creating wildlife corridors, which are unbroken animal habitats that function like animal high-ways. "Efforts to reintroduce them on the Iberian Peninsula have been largely unsuccessful but we've managed to do this in the U. K." Bell says.

3、The sun is about to set when we reach our destination, the home of a nomadic (游牧的) herder (牧民) family. My host, Batbayer, has a cheerful face, with deep wrinkles and a color from long hours working outdoors, giving him the look of a sailor from an Ernest Hemingway novel. We have pre-arranged our visit but travelers in Mongolia can drive up to pretty much any ger and feel welcomed to stay. You don't knock on the door: when you approach a nomadic family, a customary greeting is to say a kindly "Hold your dog.", even if you don't see a dog.

We feast at the family home on one of the country's most distinct and tasty dishes: khorkhog, or mutton cooked using hot rocks. This comes served with onions, a variety of berries, and milk-besides more plates of meat, all from the family's own livestock (家畜).

Mongolia is home to one of the world's few remaining truly nomadic cultures. About a fifth of the population are herders, and nomadism is complexly woven into the country's spirit. But modern life is catching up with the people on the grassland at rapid speed. This is in large part what my book is about: an outsider's exploration of a society undergoing modernization while trying to hold fast to its deeply rooted traditional values.

Many of the livestock here, especially the more valuable breeds such as horses, camels and cattle, are implanted with microchips that can be monitored via satellite-based services. "I would like to use the Internet more because it's fun and useful; but the animals like it here. This is a good place for them," Batbayer says when I ask if better Internet connectivity might influence where to move his livestock next. "I would never choose Facebook over the well-being of the animals."

4、Typical desert activities like sandboarding, dune bashing and quad biking

With this tour, you'll have half a day of adventure activities accompanied by skillful coaches in the desert. Tours starting after noon include a BBQ dinner with sweets and fruits, which costs an additional US $ 45/person only.

You'll start your tour by driving to a scenic spot on the top of a tall sand dune (沙丘) for a chance to take photos of the area. On top of a sand dune, you'll have the chance to slide down the side by sandboarding. From here, you'll get ready for hitting some dunes in a four-wheel drive vehicle. Next you'll hop on a quad bike and have time to drive around the desert in the open air. Finally, you'll have a camel ride around a small part of the desert.

What's included

Pickup and drop-off

20 minutes of sandboarding

35 minutes of dune bashing

25 minutes of quad biking

10-minute camel ride

Water and soft drinks

A drive through a camel farm

Additional information

Requires a high level of physical fitness.

Not suitable for children between 0 and 5.

Children under 18 must be accompanied by an adult.

5、The archaeologists ______ in the ruins for months believe the artifacts they discovered last month ______ to the lost dynasty.

6、________ unfairly in the competition made him ________ faith in the system.

7、She has a gift for creating an atmosphere ________ students feel comfortable.

8、The only person ________ the secret document is the manager himself.

9、The ancient manuscript ______ with extreme care but it was damaged a lot.

10、The committee ______ divided in their opinions on the new policy, which ______ beyond people's expectation.

11、When I walked past, I noticed the old building ______ down.

12、The scientist, ______ groundbreaking research on climate change won a Nobel Prize, gave a speech at the conference yesterday.

13、She ______ the piano for 5 years, but she has lost almost all the skills now.

14、— The man in black ______ be Tom. It is his typical dressing style.

— No, it ______ be him. He is away on holiday.

15、______ from his expression, he must have received bad news.

16、After the movie ended, she found her old friend just ______ in the front.

17、The village ______ we stayed last summer is the most beautiful place ______ I have ever visited.

18、The number of people who ______ this online course ______ steadily since it was launched last month.

19、The professor has published three books, ______ are about environmental protection.

20、阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

That Saturday, after an early morning cup of coffee with Mama, Leonard, our grown brother, picked up his heavy tools and headed out for the old henhouse. Mama wanted him to tear it down for she was scared of me and Angie to play near it.

I was twelve and dogged Leonard's every step. Angie, our six-year-old sister, insisted she wanted to help, too. Mama told we would be in the way, but Leonard said, "Oh, they'll be all right." "Well, alright, but you girls watch out for rusty (生锈的) nails." Leonard worked hard to pry (撬) the stubborn, gray boards. Angie and I carried the boards to a pile he would later burn.

Suddenly, Angie started to scream and Mama came running. Sure enough, she had stepped on a rusty nail. Mama examined my sister's foot while Leonard looked at mine. On my way to see about Angie, I'd stepped on a nail, too. The grownups agreed we needed tetanus (破伤风) shots.

I hated shots. I would rather swallow a thousand pills for a thousand days than have one shot. While Leonard drove us to hospital, Mama cupped a hand around my ear. "Arlene, I need you to be brave so Angie won't be too scared. You know how she can put up a fight." Determined to be a brave girl, I didn't cry a single tear though my arm felt like it was on fire.

Then Mama lowered Angie onto the table to get the shot. That's when she made her big mistake. "Arlene, tell Angie it didn't hurt at all."

Her huge blue eyes stared into mine. I thought about how Angie trusted me the way I trusted Leonard. "If I tell her it won't hurt", I thought, "she won't ever believe me again." I knew what I had to do. I cupped my hands around my mouth and yelled, "DON'T LET THEM DO IT TO YOU, ANGIE!"

注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右;

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Several things happened all at once.

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On the way home after our shots, a tiny finger touched my shoulder.

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