相关试卷

Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. And they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the "hedgehog concept" is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies.

Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions.

The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and don't know.

So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as foxy hedgehog.

A. In other words, there are clear advantages for each.

B. They are more likely to remember people's mistakes.

C. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence.

D. But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing.

E. However, hedgehogs remain open to others' reactions and inputs.

F. When something is contradictory to their view, they don't treat it as exceptional.

G. They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position.

The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking, even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group's history and environment. Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised. These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving. Our social instincts (本能) include the intense desire to belong. The approval of others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked. These social emotions prepare our brains to shape our behaviour according to the norms and values of our family and our community. More generally, social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world.

The mechanism involves a repurposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for self-care. Our brains use the system to acquire behavioural patterns regarding safe routes home, efficient food gathering and dangers to avoid. Good habits save time, energy and sometimes your life. Good social habits do something similar in a social context. We learn to tell the truth, even when lying is self-serving; we help a grandparent even when it is inconvenient. We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong.

Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much. Hence self-discipline is advantageous. In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control, just as it boosts problem-solving skills in the social as well as the physical world. These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language, which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways.

The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain. No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won't reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box.

So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from "Is the universe a computer simulation? " to "Can we model the universe as a computer simulation? " Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us. In Newton's era, we imagined the universe as a clock. In Einstein's, we uncovered the standard model of particle (粒子) physics.

Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe. Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become.

It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the "computer simulation" metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise.

Requirements for completion:

•One welcoming session on the second Friday of the term

•18 weekly one-hour pair meetings

•Weekly progress reports for all pair meetings

•At least three pair-teacher meetings

•One five-minute final video

Sign up!

The sign-up and registration process is as follows:

•Students sign up and indicate the languages they can share and languages they are interested in learning.

•Based on the information entered by each student, potential pairs are identified.

•Proficiency (熟练) levels are confirmed through coursework or placement tests.

•Once a pair has been determined to be suitable, the students will be contacted individually with a special permission number to register for the programme.

Reminders:

Signing up for the programme does not automatically mean that you will be able to register and participate. Pairs are matched by languages of interest and proficiency levels. Since there are many factors involved in the pairing process, not all students who sign up will be matched with a partner and be able to register for the programme.

One day, I saw a boy walking along George Street with an armful of books. I thought  myself, "Why would he carry all his books? " Just then, some kids ran at him, (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. My heart went out to him, and I (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, "Thanks!"

On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood  (name) the world's oldest living man. And when  (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). Tinniswood,  doesn't smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. "If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you're going to suffer eventually," he said.

Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time  (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of  (self-aware). When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and  (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. To practise this, we need to establish clear  (boundary) in our personal and professional life.

At 1:10, there was a3 outside the drama room. Everyone looked energetic. I hadn't expected I'd be standing there that morning. But now that I was doing it, I4 felt nervous. What if I wasn't any good?

I entered the room and the teachers made me say some lines from the musical. They then5 my singing skills and asked what role I wanted to play. The teachers were smiling and praising me. I felt like I had a6, so I said, "A big role." They said they'd look into it. I started getting really nervous. What if I didn't get a main role?

Soon, the cast list was7. My friends checked and came back shouting, "Amy, you got the main role! " Sure enough, my name was at the top. I just stared at it and started to8. I was so happy.

After two months we were all prepared and ready to go on stage. It was fun. And when people started9, that gave me a boost of confidence. It stayed with me and made me feel10. I realised that by trying something new, I can have fun — even if it means stepping out of my comfort zone.

Kevin was pretty bored. His mother was at work, and his father had been away on business. Therefore, he was left in the care of Mrs. Hill, an old lady who lived next door. His parents had raised the 12-year-old to be a good boy. He never got into trouble, though sometimes he wanted to do risky things. Mrs. Hill was asleep. Kevin sighed (叹息) and hoped something exciting would happen. Suddenly, a movement outside caught his eye.

Mrs. Hill's front window faced Mr. and Mrs. Green's house across the street. The couple had both gone to work, so it was strange that someone was over there. Kevin stared at the man at their front door. Suddenly, the man jumped through an open window into the house. With his heart in his mouth, Kevin grabbed Mrs. Hill's home phone and called the police.

Thinking that the man might get away with whatever he wanted before the police arrived, Kevin decided to do something. He rushed out of Mrs. Hill's house and crossed the street quickly. Grabbing a branch from a cut-down tree, he jumped in through the window. "Stop right there! You must leave right now!" he called out, holding the branch with both hands.

The man froze for a second, but when he saw the skinny boy he breathed a sigh of relief. "Hey, kid, put that down. It was my home. My parents used to live here and my father's watch was here," he explained, trying to lift a floorboard.

At that moment, the sounds of a police car echoed (回响) in the air. The man stood up in a panic, then ran through the house toward the window and jumped out. Kevin followed out and told the arriving police officers what had happened. They pursued and arrested the man.

Kevin went back to Mrs. Hill's house. Somehow he wasn't sure he had done the right thing. "What if he has told the truth?" he thought to himself. The man's words sounded pretty convincing.

注意：

(1) 续写词数应为150左右；

(2) 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Paragraph 1: When Mr. and Mrs. Green got home, Kevin went to talk to them.

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Paragraph 2: Kevin and Mr. Green took the watch they had found to the police station.

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(1) 陈述看法；

(2) 提出建议。

注意：

(1) 写作词数应为80左右；

(2) 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。

My Views on Filming Short Videos on Campus

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The price of fashion — economically and environmentally — has led to the rise of new way of dressing, and it's beginning to take off in Australia, too. As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular.

"I think it's an amazing idea," says Tanya Perilli, who owns a clothing rental shop. "Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead the fact that they have something unique to wear are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill."

Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive (solve) to one-time event dressing. The concept (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies.

Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. "I really want to make this work for (people) lives today, and I know that doesn't always mean (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend," she says.

Here are some tips worth following in order to communicate more effectively.

Keep your audience in mind.

Your audience will naturally be more interested and engaged when you tailor your communications to their interests. This will engage their desire to understand and interact with the information.

Don't use ten words when one will do.

Even the most engaged and committed audience will eventually get bored. Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand. However, they're hearing it for the first time. Keep it simple.

If you've ever worked as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach, you'll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it. Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies to others. Allow them to lead discussions and meetings to develop their communication skills.

Consider the best method to deliver your message.

If the information you're communicating isn't urgent, consider sending an email. Written communication will give your audience more time to review it, think it over, and follow up with questions.        

Building effective communication skills takes time, but the effects are worth the effort.

A. Be patient.

B. Get the audience involved.

C. The best messages are often simple.

D. Speak directly to what matters to them.

E. You may be surprised by what your listeners offer.

F. It will also give them a handy record to refer back to.

G. As the speaker, you already know what you're going to say.

According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is more. "There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I'm not convinced that food is one of them," she says. "It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren't necessarily healthy."

Instead, she recommends applying a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the "Division of Responsibility," where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume — even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots.

Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of their decisions. "When your child says, ‘My stomach hurts,' you can say, ‘Well you had a lot of sugary foods and you might feel better if you made some other choices,'" says Markey. "Let them feel like they have some control over it."

I've been trying out these strategies and I've found that when I'm less restrictive, they do make better decisions. "Feeding is a long game," says Markey. "The food you have available makes a huge difference. Even if they don't eat it, they' re seeing it. And then all of a sudden it clicks."