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1、 阅读理解
In 1970s, a psychologist named J. P. Guilford conducted a famous study of creativity known as the nine-dot puzzle (九点谜题). He challenged research subjects to connect all nine dots using just four straight lines without lifting their pencils from the page. All the participants limited the possible solutions to those within the imaginary square. Only 20 percent managed to break out of the confinement (束缚) and continue their lines in the white space surrounding the dots.
The fact that 80 percent of the participants were effectively blinded by the boundaries of the square led Guilford to jump to the sweeping conclusion that creativity requires you to go outside the box. The idea went viral. Overnight, it seemed that creativity experts everywhere were teaching managers how to think outside the box. The concept enjoyed such strong popularity that no one bothered to check the facts. No one, that is, before two different research teams-Clarke Burnham with Kenneth Davis, and Joseph Alba with Robert Weisberg-ran another experiment.
Both teams followed the same way of dividing participants into two groups. The first group was given the same instructions as the participants in Guilford's experiment. The second group was told that the solution required the lines to be drawn outside the imaginary box. Guess what? Only 25 percent solved the puzzle. In statistical terms, this 5 percent improvement is insignificant as this could be called sampling error.
Let's look a little more closely at the surprising result. Solving this problem requires people to literally think outside the box. Yet participants' performance was not improved even when they were given specific instructions to do so. That is, direct and clear instructions to think outside the box did not help. That this advice is useless should effectively have killed off the much widely spread — and therefore, much more dangerous — metaphor (比喻) that out-of-the-box thinking boosts creativity. After all, with one simple yet brilliant experiment, researchers had proven that the conceptual link between thinking outside the box and creativity was a misunderstanding.
(1)、What did the nine-dot puzzle study focus on?A、Visual perception. B、Thinking patterns. C、Practical experience. D、Theoretical knowledge.(2)、Why did the two research teams run the follow-up experiment?A、To test the catchy concept. B、To contradict the initial idea. C、To collect supporting evidence D、To identify the underlying logic.(3)、Which of the following best describes the follow-up experiment?A、Groundless. B、Inspiring. C、Fruitless. D、Revealing.(4)、Which is the best title for the passage?A、Puzzle Solving: A Key To Creativity B、Thinking Outside the Box: A Misguided Idea C、Nine-Dot Puzzle: A Magic Test D、Creative Thinking: We Fell For The Trap -
2、 阅读理解
The word paradigm comes from the Greek. It was originally a scientific term, and is more commonly used today to mean a model or theory. In the more general sense, it's the way we "see" the world — not in terms of our visual sense of sight, but in terms of perceiving, understanding, and interpreting.
A simple way to understand paradigms is to see them as maps. We all know that "the map is not the territory." A map is simply an explanation of certain aspects of the territory. That's exactly what a paradigm is. It is a theory, an explanation, or model of something else. You can never arrive at a specific location in a new city with a wrong map.
Each of us has many maps in our head, which can be divided into two main categories: maps of the way things are, or realities, and maps of the way things should be, or values. We interpret everything we experience through these mental maps. We seldom question their accuracy; we're usually even unaware that we have them. We simply assume that the way we see things is the way they really are or the way they should be. And our attitudes and behaviors grow out of those assumptions. The way we see things is the source of the way we think and the way we act.
We see the world, not as it is, but as we are or, as we are conditioned to see it. Clearheaded people see things differently, each looking through the unique lens of experience. But this does not mean that there are no facts. Instead, each person's interpretation of these facts represents prior experiences.
The more aware we are of our basic paradigms, maps, or assumptions, and the extent to which we have been influenced by our experience, the more we can take responsibility for those paradigms, examine them, test them against reality, listen to others and be open to their perceptions, thereby getting a larger picture and a far more objective view.
(1)、How does the author illustrate the concept of "paradigm"?A、By comparing it to an everyday object. B、By sorting it into different categories. C、By presenting personal examples. D、By highlighting a sharp contrast.(2)、What can be concluded about the mental maps mentioned in paragraph 3?A、They fail to escape our attention. B、They may be lacking in accuracy. C、They prove wrong and unreliable. D、They have little influence on behavior.(3)、Which of the following echoes the main idea of paragraph 4?A、Great minds think alike. B、All men have opinions, but few think. C、Where we stand depends on where we sit. D、The fewer the facts, the stronger the opinions.(4)、What does the author advocate in the last paragraph?A、A better understanding of our paradigms. B、A stronger sense of responsibility for others. C、A more objective view of others' perceptions. D、A more positive attitude toward life experience. -
3、 阅读理解
Rachel Maclean's toy shop on Ayr high street appears like any other in a town centre at first sight. Step inside and you will notice that familiar promotional entreaties (恳求) are backwards: Don't Buy Me, Nothing Must Go. Everything is upside down and nothing is for sale.
Matilda Coleman, six, picked up one of the toys—a blonde-haired, blue-eyed Disney princess(公主), and turned her upside down. Underneath the skirt was a pale-faced witchy (女巫的) version. The girl liked it, and then was confused that the toy wasn't available to buy. Maclean's work playfully breaks the grasp that consumer culture has on modern minds.
"What art can do best is to make you look at things that you're very used to in a different way," said Maclean (b.1987), a Glasgow-based multi-media artist who has rapidly established herself as one of the most distinctive voices in the UK. "Sadly the decline of our city centres is something that is common these days, so I want to bring people into a space where they can reflect on it in a fun way."
"When the shop first opened, everyone was interested in finding out what it was," said Parker, a local teenager. "It has lots of different themes about identity, consumerism, capitalism, but they are silent messages and everyone has different thoughts about it."
Maclean has taken over this former butcher's shop in Ayr as part of Jupiter Plus, a new arts and education initiative, which aims to reluyenate empty high street shops in towns and cities in Scotland with free art exbibitions and workshops for young people. People's immediate joy at seeing something happening in here is abivious and it drives conversations about how they remember the high street and how the space could be used again.
(1)、Why is Matilda Coleman mentioned in paragraph 2?A、To illustrate consumer culture. B、To show the girl's passion for toys. C、To erase doubts about Maclean's work. D、To highlight the features of Maclean's shop.(2)、How does the author develop paragraph 3 and paragraph 4?A、By giving examples. B、By using quotes. C、By making comparisons. D、By sharing experiences.(3)、What does the underlined word "rejuvenate" in paragraph 5 mean?A、Expand. B、Refresh. C、Replace. D、Surround.(4)、What can we infer about Maclean?A、She has a creative mind. B、She respects others'opinions. C、She makes profits in a different way. D、She draws public attention to education. -
4、 阅读理解
Four Books about Curious Creatures
In these brilliant books find out about fleas, foxes and some unexpected friendships.
Animal Sidekicks
by Macken Murphy.
Illustrated byDragan Kordic
This illustrated book explores the idea of symbiosis-animals that form amazing relationships to help each other. You'll learn about clownfish living peacefully with poisonous sea anemone, the frog that lives with a tarantula, and lots more.
The Secret Life of Foxes
by ChloePetrylak.
Have you ever spotted a fox on the streets of your town at night or even in your back garden? Wildlife enthusiasts will love finding out more about the mysterious lives of foxes. As well as lots of interesting information, this book includes great ideas for ways to help foxes near you.
Please Don't Bite Me
by Nazzy Pakpour.
Illustrated by Owen Davey
Did you know that wasps can build nests as much as five metres wide? Or that fleas can jump 150 times their own height? How do mosquitoes track you down? This interesting illustrated book digs out the surprising lives of some of the buzzing, biting and stinging insects that are all around.
Stoneage beasts
by BenLerwill.
Illustrated by Grahame Baker-Smith
Travel back in time to meet incredible creatures in this beautiful book. It features many of the prehistoric animals that our human ancestors would have met face-to-face in the Stone Age. Learn about the woolly mammoth, the sabre-toothed cat, and the six-metre snake that once slithered along the forest floor.
(1)、In which book can you find the fish that help clean sharks' teeth?A、Animal Sidekicks. B、The Secret Life of Foxes. C、Please Don't Bite Me. D、Stone Age Beasts.(2)、How is the book The Secret Life of Foxes different from others?A、It deals with a curious creature. B、It has no illustrations in the book. C、It only attracts wildlife enthusiasts. D、It doesn't mention relationships of creatures.(3)、What kind of creatures are mentioned in the book Stone Age Beasts?A、Amazing and giant ocean life. B、Mysterious and fascinating birds. C、Interesting and surprising insects. D、Unbelievable and ancient animals. -
5、 — Mike will announce his retirement from professional soccer next week.
—____! He's only 25 and still very fit.
A、I don't mind at all B、I couldn't agree more C、You will make it D、You can't be serious -
6、 —Have you paid the telephone bill?
—The telephone bill? ____.
A、I mean it B、That isn't due yet C、My telephone is out of order D、Please remember the amount -
7、 The athletes, especially the winners, should remain modest ____ rapid progress they have made.A、whatever B、however C、how much D、no matter
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8、 We ____ to the next generation to leave the country better than we found it.A、owe much B、owe C、are owing D、owe it
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9、 ____in the regulations that nobody ____any important information concerning the enterprise.A、What is required; gives away B、As is required; give away C、It is required; give away D、It requires; gives away
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10、 The former minister was finally found innocent, although he ____of allowing false rumour to spread before the election.A、was accused B、had been accused C、has been accused D、would be accused
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11、 After school , we went to the reading room to do some reading, only____ that it____.A、to tell, was decorating B、telling, was decorated C、to be told, was being decorated D、being told, was being decorated
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12、 As one of his ____ friends, I take it my responsibility ____ his positive changes in his behavior.A、devoting; facilitating B、devotion; to facilitate C、devoted; facilitating D、devoted; to facilitate
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13、 It's only right that human beings should learn to live ____ nature because they coexist with each other.A、in honour of B、in harmony with C、in contrast to D、in control of
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14、 Don't worry. You've left your mother ____. This hospital has the best nursing team in the city.A、out of control B、in good hands C、behind the wheel D、against all odds
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15、 —I have been considering canceling the project because it seems hard to go farther.
—But it's too early to ____now. There's still much hope.
A、pave the way B、throw in the towel C、have a say D、take any chances -
16、 Scientists make great efforts to____ the origin of humans, which is still mysterious.A、take responsibility for B、ponder over C、lay aside D、adapt to
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17、 Without our phones, we had a proper conversation for over two hours, without being ____by messages from other people.A、disheartened B、occupied C、distracted D、tempted
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18、 You'd better give up smoking, for cigarette smoking ____ the risk of cancer.A、multiplies B、decreases C、explodes D、restricts
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19、 With the number of confirmed cases rising, ____ the risks of infection remain high.A、urgently B、vitally C、constantly D、apparently
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20、 The collection, sorting and ____of historical materials and cultural relics of the May Fourth Movement should be strengthened, President Xi said.A、consideration B、conservation C、consequence D、comparison