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It indicates sea ice loss has the potential to trigger a cascade of adverse environmental impacts, including the fueling of wildfires and other extreme weather events that destroy homes; rising sea levels that threaten the survival of coastal communities; and drying agricultural lands that undermine our ability to produce food. The melting also accelerates global warming even further as the newly exposed ocean beneath reflects less sunlight than bright ice does.

Copernicus scientists announced that January 2025 was the warmest January on record, even though Earth had entered La Niña, the cold phase of the El Niño climate pattern. And February 2025 was the third warmest February on record. So it wasn't a record-breaker in that respect, but it did continue a worrying warming trend. February 2025 was, on average, 2.86 degrees Fahrenheit (1.59 Celsius) warmer than preindustrial levels — the estimated average temperature.

Temperatures fluctuate (波动) from year to year, so climate change doesn't mean that every new month is guaranteed to break records. And not all parts of the planet get warmer at the same rate. This February, severe winter storms affected the U.S. with record-breaking cold, and Copernicus' data revealed that a good chunk of North America was cooler than average for February. However, temperatures were mostly above average around the rest of the world. Last year was the first complete year to breach 2.7 ℉ and ended up as the hottest year on record since preindustrial levels.

Today, I'll give you brief introduction to some aspects of film-making you might not be familiar with. Actually, the film you see on the screen is the product of a huge amount of hard work, most of takes place behind the scenes.

Firstly, sound effects are often added after a scene has been shot and might not be made in the way you would expect. For example, in Jurassic Park, the sounds of different animals (mix) by a computer to make a dinosaur roar.

Another aspect I attach great importance is visual special effects. CGI has been (frequent) used in film-making as a special effects technology. Generally, scenes (require) CGI are filmed in front of a green screen in the studio. As green doesn't match any (nature) hair or skin colour, actors can be easily separated from the background. This enables CGI effects to be added later.

Props also contribute to a film's success. (make) a film look real, great effort must sometimes be made to research, find and build objects. Let's take Titanic as an example. Director James Cameron spent six months (revise) plans of the Titanic. He talked to (historian) to ensure that the details were correct. Finally, it took 500 workers 100 days to build the fine model, not to mention the thousands of props inside.

I live in the suburb north of San Francisco, and1is considered the main transportation for most people here. I still remember how2I was when I first learned to drive. While driving with music gently3my heart, I was filled with joy. However, as time went by, that excitement4. I feared driving, and felt worried and upset. Everyone seems to be in my way especially when I am in a5. One night, a deer ran out from the dark, knocked against my moving car, and6across the street. I didn't dare to get out of my car to see her. Crying on the7, I hated my car.

When I joined the 21-day mindful walking8, I began to walk with a mind. During the walking days, I smiled at every stranger9by me. I walked to the streets that I10would not pass through and11a tiny free library on the sidewalk. I began to12if I had really lived in this town all these years. It's a completely13 town that I know so little about!

I felt deeply14for the walking challenge. Maybe I will set foot on far lands again, yet I know15is right here and right now.

The study of Sibert and Rubin takes advantage of a system by using tiny, hard bits of shark skin and bony fish teeth that naturally fall from their bodies to the seafloor. These extremely small fossils provide a rich record of ancient oceanic sharks and their abundance for thousands of years. By studying fossils from many regions, the diversity patterns can give major insights into evolution (进化) of the open sea that would be otherwise unknown.

Sibert and Rubin quantified(量化)a past extinction of sharks, reporting a 90% decline in number and >70% drop in diversity. They found that nearer-shore sharks appear to survive, but migratory ones go extinct. The finding of this study is that sharks had undergone a widespread extinction that reorganized their communities from 16 million to 20 million years ago.

Sibert and Rubin narrowed the disappearance of sharks to a window of time under 100,000 years around 19 million years ago, but the causes of this event remain unclear. Because this time period does not stand out as a period of major climatic change, the authors do not attribute(归因于) environmental factors as an extinction driver. As for other causes, the loss of shark diversity is directly linked to overfishing.

The loss of sharks from the oceans has profound, complex, and unavoidable ecological consequences because their presence reflects the stability of marine ecosystems. Yet, one-quarter of the global diversity of sharks is currently threatened with extinction. Despite recent improvements in conservation actions, shark communities never recovered from a mysterious extinction event 19 million years ago; the ecological fate of what remains is now in our hands.

People's first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other members of the family is used. Some parents choose the name of a well-known person. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones. Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means "bright"; Beatrice means "one who gives happiness"; Donald means "world ruler"; Leonard means "as brave as a lion".

The earliest last names, or surnames (姓), were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near a small river; someone called-Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.

Other early surnames came from people's occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter — a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter — a person who made pots and pans. The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter's great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture.

Sometimes people were known for their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.

Some family names were made by adding something to the father's name. English-speaking people added "-s" or "-son". The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family's ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added "Mac" or "Mc" or "O". Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O'Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell.

At the time, they were in Connecticut on vacation, so they didn't know what kind of damage they were going to face when they got home to Texas. But then Feldman's grandparents called with bad news: all of her books had been destroyed in the flooding. Feldman was 14 at the time and loved reading.

To cheer her up, Feldman's father took her to the Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library at Yale University. When they arrived, she started a conversation with Bill Carver, a man who worked at the library.

"I asked him a bunch of questions like, ‘How do you keep all these rare books? What's the oldest book you have?'" Feldman remembered. Carver answered all of Feldman's questions. When she told him about her books being destroyed, he told her that he would send her a book in the mail, so she could restart her collection.

After returning to Houston, she received his gift, titled The Medieval Book by Barbara Shailor. Carver included a note that read:

Dear Sarah,

I have often thought of you and your family, and that terrible flood… As promised, with the letter is a rather scholarly book, which may be slightly mature(成熟) for your age, but I thought it might help you shape your new library collection. And as the years progress, this book may grow in value to you. Have a happy holiday season. Wish you and your loved ones all the best.

Yours,

Bill Carver

A lot has changed since Feldman received that book. Feldman is in her 30s now. She's married and has a dog. But Carver's gift has made a lifelong impact. "I'm interested in medieval art," Feldman said. Feldman has tried to find Carver, but with no success. If she could speak to him today, she would like to tell him how much that small gesture meant to her.

Science on Sundays is a programme of free monthly science talks which always brings the latest discoveries in plant science, as well as research linked to the plant collection at the Botanic Garden, to the visitors in a 30-minute short period of time. The programme in April is about tulips(郁金香).

Introduction

Time: 2:30 pm on Sundays

Title: In Search of Wild Tulips

Objects: adults and children aged 12+

Speaker: Brett Wilson at University of Cambridge

Background Information

The planted tulips are a common sight in spring gardens around the world, but have you ever considered where wild tulips grow? The wild ancestors of our much-loved gardening varieties can mostly be found in the mountains and valleys of Central Asia, far from the Netherlands, where most tulips are grown and bred. At the Botanic Garden, we have a National Tulip Collection where we grow many wild species including plenty of species from Central Asia. Over the last four years, Brett Wilson has been using something learned from books and combining with fieldwork to understand the diversity of tulips, with a view of identifying which species are most at risk of extinction.

Come and listen to Brett speak about the research and the adventures that have occurred in our search to find and protect wild tulips in this remote corner of the world. These will be live face-to-face talks taking place in the Botanic Garden Classroom for those visitors with interest.

1．描述统计图（bar chart）；

2．给出建议。

How Often Breakfast Is Skipped

注意：(1)写作词数应为80个左右；

(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Recently, our English newspaper had a survey about how often breakfast is skipped.

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Introduction to Teachers' Day

The idea of celebrating Teachers' Day took root in many countries during the 19th century; in most cases, they celebrate a local (educate) or an important milestone in education. This is the primary reason countries celebrate this day on different dates.

Many countries celebrate their Teachers' Day on 5 October in conjunction with World Teachers' Day, which (establish) by UNESCO in 1994. China: 10 September (Taiwan: 28 September)

In mainland, 10 September is an (office) holiday in China. The modern holiday was awarded a national status on January 21, 1985. The urgent need in this holiday in China was caused by the fact the "cultural revolution" in China cut the number of intellectuals — teachers, in particular. The main purpose was (increase) the prestige (声望，威信) of this profession.

There are some activities for students to show their (appreciate) to teachers, such as presenting gifts, (include) cards and flowers.

In Taiwan, Teachers' Day is recognized on September 28^th, which is also the birth date of great Chinese philosopher and teacher, Confucius. Confucius is considered the embodiment of the Chinese moral, family, and education philosophy.

On his birthday, people in Taiwan pay respect the great educator to remind us to always maintain the traditional virtue of respecting our teachers.

When I was 6, I was given small pink knitting (针织) needles. "I am knitting. Do you want me to teach you?" My grandmother3 my hands in hers and showed me how to knit. While she was cooking, I would sit on her seat, knitting just like her. When I was first learning, I would frequently ask for4, and constantly be scared of ruining our5. After my grandmother left America, I missed the6 of sticks clicking against each other and the smell of her Peruvian cornbread. No matter the7, I know my grandmother and I will always be connected through the needles she8.

Hypodermic (注射) needles are currently my most9 needles. While many people hated hypodermic needles, to me they represent curing and my10 in the medical field. This simple yet11 needle is employed every day to protect lives. Suture (缝合) needles are the needles that I aim to use in the future. Only specially trained12 can properly handle them. They13 put people back together using incredible14.

Needless to say, needles have always been a part of my life. They have been a physical15 of how I've developed as a person.

Don't blame yourself. You are a product of a society that expects very particular things of masculinity. So stop blaming yourself. . If you accept your own desire for close relationship in your life, you will find the friendship.

Get involved at tough moments. Boys sometimes are worried whether they might appear too curious about their friends' private matters. . But if you get involved at such moments, you will open the door to all kinds of growth in your relationship. So take the opportunity to show them that they matter by following up.

. Researchers say that the No.1 thing that helps children (especially boys) grow up to have enriching friendships is to be close with adult relatives who are not afraid to express their emotions. So, if you have expressive grownup relatives, try to be close to them. They can serve as role models for you to show your true feelings in a better way.

A. Look at masculinity critically

B. So here is what they should do

C. Get close to expressive adults in your life

D. You need to face something really disturbing

E. Instead, focus on undoing hurtful and restricting belief systems

F. It is especially true when their friends are sharing something tough

G. The good news is that boys are born caring and loving, just as girls do

Some might consider critical thinking an ability that teachers can encourage. Or they might be referring to specific skills — for instance, that students should learn a set of steps to take to assess information online. Cognitive (认知的) scientists see critical thinking as a specific kind of reasoning that involves problem-solving and making sound judgments. It can be learned, but it relies on specific content knowledge.

Since context is key to critical thinking, learning to analyze information about current events likely requires knowledge about politics and history, as well as practice at tracing sources. Fortunately, that is what social studies classes are for.

Social studies researchers often describe this kind of critical thinking as "historical thinking": a way to evaluate evidence about the past and assess its reliability. In social studies classroom students can make relatively quick progress on some of the surface features of historical thinking, such as learning to check a text's date and author.

Social studies classrooms can also build what researchers call "civic online reasoning." Fact-checking is complex. It is not enough to tell young people that they should be careful online, or to trust sites that end in ".org" instead of ".com." Rather than learning general principles about online media, civic online reasoning teaches students specific skills for evaluating information about politics and social issues.

Therefore, the solution lies not in teaching critical thinking as a separate skill, but in preserving and strengthening traditional social studies education that combines background knowledge with analytical capabilities. Only then can we effectively prepare students to distinguish truth from fiction in our digital world.

"Plants are in fashion right now," says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. "People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, " she says. "Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think." Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body.

"Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants," says Knuth. "This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces."

If you're among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don't beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn't make it. "Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one," Detrinidad says.

The 25-year-old teacher, who turned down opportunities in bigger cities, now spends her days in a once-worn-out classroom at Drumright High School, earning barely $30,000 a year. "When they offered me the job in April before graduation, I just said ‘yes'," recalls Hagan, whose passion outweighs the district's limited resources.

What began as a simple room with uneven floorboards and mismatched walls has become a lively math space under Hagan's care. Every surface bursts with colorful creations: posters and paper fill every corner and a handmade sign declares her the "Teacher of Awesome (Math)." This transformation mirrors her revolutionary approach to education — one that relies not only on textbooks but also on student-crafted learning journals filled with origami folds (折纸), hand-drawn diagrams, and lessons printed on rainbow-colored paper.

Hagan's classroom is full of unconventional energy: algebra becomes speed-dating as students pair up to name polynomials (多项式) and spaghetti strands (意大利面) demonstrate geometric principles. "She makes us forget we're learning," says Jake Williams. Even math haters like Taylor Russell find themselves engaged: "This year, I actually love it."

The young educator's "A, B, or Not Yet" grading system rules out failure as an option. Students reattempt assignments until they master the material, with Hagan routinely staying hours after school to provide support. During lunch breaks, students gather in her office for help with all subjects, not just math.

Fellow teacher Melinda Parker voices what many think: "We're so lucky to have her in Drumright." Though the workload sometimes wears her out, her commitment never declines. In rare free moments, she shares her innovative methods through her blog, appropriately titled Math equals Love — a philosophy that continues to transform lives in this unlikely corner of rural Oklahoma.

Heating, cooling, and powering homes contribute significantly to global CO₂ emissions. As nations strive to reduce their carbon footprints, residential energy use — responsible for nearly 20% of energy-related emissions — poses unique challenges. Below is the 2022 breakdown of household emissions by source.

ELECTRICITY   52%

HEATING   28%

COOLING   12%

APPLIANCES   6%

LIGHTING   2%

Clean energy solutions for homes must be affordable, efficient, and adaptable to diverse climates. While technologies vary, here are key innovations driving the shift toward sustainability.

HEAT PUMPS — Efficient Heating/Cooling

Replacing gas boilers, electric heat pumps transfer warmth from air or ground, cutting heating emissions by 50%. Hybrid models, hopefully, might be able to work in sub-zero temperatures in the near future.

SMART GRIDS (电网) — Dynamic Electricity Management

AI-powered grids optimize energy use, storing surplus solar power during peak hours and reducing reliance on fossil-fuel backups.

SOLAR PANELS — Rooftop Revolution

Solar energy is the most accessible renewable source for households. Advances in photovoltaic cells have cut costs by 80% since 2010, making them viable in numerous regions.

WIND TURBINES — Community Microgrids

Small-scale turbines (涡轮机) in windy areas can power neighborhoods, though land use debates persist. "The scale of this transition is staggering," says Dr. Elena Torres, a climate scientist at MIT. Residential renewables like solar and heat pumps could meet 90% of global household demand by 2050 — but only if investments triple within this decade. Recent studies show that every $1 invested in green homes today saves $5 in future climate adaptation costs. This isn't just an environmental imperative; it's economically inevitable.

Recently I graduated from high school, and as a gift I received a huge hunch of flowers, 40 to be exact! I had so many that I didn't know what to do with them. The next weekend my niece and nephew, Sue and Mike, aged 6 and 7, came and suddenly I had an idea. I might let them give out these flowers to people they met on the street, and in this way they could learn how to be friendly to others. So I told them about my plan and explained that these flowers would make people feel happy and smile. They loved the idea and were eager to have a try. So at once we took every single flower and tied a smile card to it. We then went to the street with the flowers.

The first flower went to a policeman. As soon as she saw the policeman, my niece ran up to him and handed him a flower. His smile was so big, but hers was even bigger!

In no time, we neared the end of our flowers. It was lunch time and we went to Subway for lunch. There the kids gave a flower to the waitress, who was really excited to receive the flower. As we were eating our lunch, the waitress came up to the kids with two big chocolate cookies! She said the chocolate cookies were for them and that she really liked the flower! As they ate the cookies, my niece and nephew looked at me with the biggest smiles I had ever seen.

注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

With just one flower left, I said it should be given to the person who needed it most.

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It turned out to be a great day for us.

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注意：

1. 词数80左右；

2. 请在相应位置作答。

写作步骤：

1. 明确体裁、话题——记叙文，一次令人感动的经历

2. 确定时态、人称——一般以过去时为主；第三人称为主

3. 布局文章架构：

首段：讲述一次感人的经历

尾段：谈谈感悟

4. 列出核心要点：

（1） 一位看似贫穷的人走进饭店吃了水饺之后走向捐款箱捐了100元

（2） 不能以貌取人

参考词汇与句型：

1. 一碗满满的饺子 a bowl full of dumplings

2. 从他的衣着判断 judge from his clothes

3. 吃完饺子 finishing up the dumplings

4. 前往捐款箱 go up to the donation

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Mike used to work at a circus. At first, he was fond of this job, but later he found it hard (entertain) the viewers, so he decided to leave. One day he saw an advertisement in a newspaper (ask) for a clown doctor. The employer was (deep) impressed by him, so finally he got the job. His job was to entertain the young patient when he/she was a bad mood. One day my little son was so mischievous that he fell off a tree and (injure) in his ankle. When the doctor was examining him, he was in great pain. Just at that time Mike (wear) a curly wig appeared and began to try his best to comfort him and cheer him up. To our (amuse), Mike was acting there just like a lovely monkey! I was impressed by his interaction with my son. he did really did the trick! At first, my son tried to crack a smile and then he began to laugh, as if he had forgotten his pain. In the end he concluded his performance with a soft song. Later, his fellow doctors told us Mike was gentle and patient that he never told off his patients and was never cruel to them, either. In a word, he deserved (praise) by the patients.

Lazy people will never gain anything in life. However, laziness can be defeated once a few changes have been made in your mind.

Many people lack sleep constantly, since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work. These people have little motivation once they arrive home. Laziness works hand in hand with a lack of motivation and a tendency to put off things. By adjusting your sleep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest, you can fight laziness throughout the day.

Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active. Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task. Others take a more positive approach, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone.

Some people fight laziness by removing the temptations (诱惑) that surround them. A television in the living room may provide entertainment, but watching too much TV often contributes to laziness. Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy, such as a good dinner or a film.

Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home. Couples and children may all have different energy levels, but laziness can be spread if not dealt with immediately. Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others in the home may eventually follow your example and perform their own task. It is difficult to practice laziness when you are surrounded by motivated people.

Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle, thus enabling you to have more energy and help lift your spirits.

A. To fight family laziness, set an example.

B. One way to fight laziness is to get enough sleep.

C. Knowing how to fight laziness is important.

D. Finally, taking exercise regularly can help you fight laziness.

E. With strong determination, you will be able to achieve your goal.

F. Create a reward system for yourself, just as parents do for a child.

G. Laziness sets in when you no longer feel in charge of your own life.

But writing is in my bones, and despite my frustration (沮丧), giving up didn't seem like an option. I decided to go back to school. Last summer, I took a writing class with The New York Times bestselling author Susan Shapiro.

To my surprise, Shapiro's course was not just an education in how to get your writing published. It was also an eight-week lesson on how to get over yourself. She told stories about how hard she'd worked to get her essays out into the world. She was always forthcoming (愿意提供信息的) about how much writing, rewriting, submitting (提交), and resubmitting she'd had to do. "The harder I work, the luckier I get," she said.

For our last class, Shapiro encouraged us to write about our most embarrassing secret. I admitted how masks allowed me to fully enjoy the freedom from wondering what other people were thinking about the lower half of my face. Five weeks later, my essay, "I am insecure about my face. For me, masks are liberating", was published in The Washington Post. It was my first piece published in the major media and the first time I'd been paid for my writing.

Five months after my piece was published, I landed a book deal. I am now officially a writer for children. My first novel, Jawbreaker, is set to be published in the spring of 2023.

After so much rejection, landing a book deal was something that I never thought would happen to me. Taking Shapiro's class and learning to get over myself had changed my life. I continue to set publishing goals, and am no longer discouraged by rejection.