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The scientists' job is to figure out how the world works, to "torture (拷问)" Nature to reveal her secrets, as the 17th century philosopher Francis Bacon described it. But who are these people in the lab coats (or sports jackets, or T-shirts and jeans) and how do they work? It turns out that there is a good deal of mystery surrounding the mystery-solvers.

"One of the greatest mysteries is the question of what it is about human beings—brains, education, culture etc.—that makes them capable of doing science at all," said Colin Allen, a cognitive scientist at Indiana University.

Two vital ingredients seem to be necessary to make a scientist: the curiosity to seek out mysteries and the creativity to solve them. "Scientists exhibit a heightened level of curiosity." reads a 2007 report on scientific creativity. "They go further and deeper into basic questions showing a passion for knowledge for its own sake. "Max Planck, one of the fathers of quantum physics, once said, the scientist "must have a vivid and intuitive imagination, for new ideas are not generated by deduction (推论), but by an artistically creative imagination."

But others disagree with this universal scientific mind. They believe that scientists have special abilities that set them apart. Discovering these abilities may be hard, Allen thinks, as many scientists will be reluctant to reveal them and would prefer to preserve the mystery of creativity, fearing that if it became an object of study it would lose its magic. 

But for Allen, this is all part of a bigger question of what lies behind anyone's behavior. "We are only just beginning to understand how the characteristics of organisms, including ourselves, aren't the fixed products of either genes or of environment/culture, but each of us is the product of a continual interactive process in which we help build the environments that in turn shape us," he said.

"As long as our best technology for seeing inside the brain requires subjects to lie nearly motionless while surrounded by a giant magnet, we're only going to make little progress on these questions," Allen said.

Gone are the days when humans covered themselves with blankets to keep warm. It's now the time to put glaciers (冰川) under blankets to keep them cool because at the rate climate is changing, this seems like a good idea to keep them from melting (融化).

A ski resort (滑雪胜地) in the Swiss Alps, Switzerland uses blankets to protect the glacier from the warm climate. Gian Darms, who handles snow conditions at the ski resort told about this unique procedure and said, "We lay the fleece (羊毛) over the glacier like a natural protective shield." The blankets are being used to cover the top of the 10,623-foot Mount Titlis whose glacier has already melted in the last few decades and it is expected to disappear completely in the next 50 years due to global warming.

To diminish the effect of climate change, resort employees have taken it upon themselves to protect the glacier from the heat and for this process, they spend about five to six weeks every summer covering parts of the glacier with protective polyester fleece. This helps to reflect the sun's energy back into the atmosphere and prevent the glacier from melting, while also preserving the already fallen snow on the glacier in the previous winter season. After the season passes, the employees remove the coating and use the collected snow to fill in any gaps in the glacier's surface.

This practice has been going on for a while and the amount of the glaciers covered has increased to almost 100,000 square meters now. "We've been covering more and more glaciers in the last few years. Almost 30,000 square meters more this year alone. We will have to cover more glaciers in reaction to the climate change," said Darms.

The ski resort's actions show the intense effect of climate change on glaciers which have been melting at rapid rates in the past few years. Many different resorts have also started covering their glaciers because if there are no more glaciers, then there is no more business for these ski resorts.

Sitting in the garden for my friend's birthday. I felt a buzz in my pocket. My heart raced when I saw the email sender's name. The email started off: "Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest" and "the review process took longer than expected." It ended with "We are sorry to inform you …" and my vision blurred. The position—measuring soil quality in the Sahara Desert as part of an undergraduate research programme—had felt like the answer I had spent years looking for.

I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying, and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career.

So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, who was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn't seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all.

I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn't. In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue.

When I applied to graduate school, I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired research direction. And I applied with the same anxious excitement as before. When I was rejected from one that had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undoubtedly difficult. But this time I had the perspective to keep it from sending me into panic. It helped that in the end I was accepted into one of the other programmes I was also excited about.

Rather than setting plans in stone, I've learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don't sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them.

Peer Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) is a peer-facilitated learning programme available to students enrolled in most core units of study in our business school.

PASS involves weekly sessions where you work in groups to tackle specially prepared problem sets based around a unit of study you're enrolled in.

PASS doesn't re-teach or deliver new content. It's an opportunity to deepen your understanding of the key points from lecture materials while you are applying your skills to solve problems.

You work interactively with your peers. As a peer group, you decide what is covered in each session. That way, PASS directly responds to your needs and feedback.

Registration in Term 2 will open at 9 am, 21 September 2022.

Waiting lists

If a session is full, you can register for the waiting list. We will email you if a place becomes available or if a new session is to be held.

When you are placed on a waiting list, we will email you a number which tells you where you are on the list. If you are close to the front of the list, you have a good chance of gaining a place in the programme in the near future.

Deregistering

If you miss two PASS sessions in a row, you will be deregistered and your place will be given to someone on the waiting list. Make sure you fill in the attendance sheet at each session to record your attendance.

You'll be informed by email if you are being deregistered as a result of missing sessions. If you believe you have received the email in error, email the PASS office at passoffice@umbs.edu.

The small wedding celebration was set for the next day. Twenty-one friends and family members were getting together at a beautiful villa in the hills near the charming town of Brighton, just under an hour's drive from the airport.

"I can't wait for the barbecue tonight, never mind the wedding,"said Emma to her husband, John.

The couple arrived at the airport around 6 p. m. After checking out they rented a car and headed towards the property where Emma's daughter, the bride, was eagerly waiting to share such a magical event with the ones she loved.

As they crossed the hilly landscape, the sun had gone down and rain was falling heavily. But that didn't take away from the beauty of the island. They chatted happily. John, from the driver's seat, kept her amused, completely unaware that the rainfall—more than nine inches would fall that day—had already reached dangerous levels.

As they drove past the town and up the winding road into the hills, the rain intensified, and the sky grew darker. They were approaching a bridge over what was usually a small stream when a lot of dirty and fast-moving water unexpectedly washed over it. In just a few seconds, their little white car slid into the now rapidly flowing river and rolled down the hillside.

The incident unfolded so rapidly that the two inside the car were too stunned to scream. As the car moved through the water, hitting the underside of a couple of bridges, they held on tightly to the seats and doors in shock.

Emma, seated in the back with a large present box for her daughter, noticed water coming into the car. Muddy water was pouring into the car, rising quickly.

注意：1. 续写词数应为 150 左右;2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。

Emma realized they had to get out before the water level became too dangerous.

Nearby residents, Mike and his brother David, heard cries. 

假定你是李华，本学期你校开设了英语口语课，但是你不太适应外教的授课。你决定给英国朋友Andrew写一封邮件，寻求他的帮助。要点包括：1. 告知困难；2.寻求求助。

注意：1. 写作词数应为80 左右；2. 可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。

Dear Andrew

Yours,

Li Hua

Cristina has been diving with sharks for the last twenty-five years She ducks below the surface of the water where she's truly at peace despite being 1 by dozens of sharks.

As a diving professional in the Bahamas, she uses a variety of 2 in her daily dives. But the one that leaves people 3 is to remove hooks from sharks' mouths.

Sharks follow fishing boats and often 4 hooks caught in their mouths, which leads to discomfort, difficulty eating and infection. 5 the hooks can be a long and dangerous process. The benefits 6 the risks for her. "I'm never scared," Zenato says. "I've built a 7 with them based on repetition and conditioning, and they know that I'm safe."

Hook removal is just one aspect of Zenato's shark conservation efforts. 8 her knowledge — with the public, several Bahamian organizations and others — is an ongoing task. She9 the Bahamas to make their waters a shark shelter and has helps promote shark tourism by training local divers. "I hope that by 10 people to come close to sharks with a new understanding of them, they can share their 11 experiences with others," Zenato says.

Cristina is a(n) 12 conservationist with a passion driven by her love of the sharks. The love leads her to great 13 in what other might consider dangerous marine environments. "All species of sharks are part of a complex food chain, each part 14 another," Zenato says, "we can overcome 15 to better connect to our oceans and our environment and strive to live in a mutual benefit."

Chika's father is alive. We were always told he was dead. Now differently!

We drove to where Chika was born. Stepping out in front of me was her father. I asked about Chika's infancy. He answered every inquiry with very few words. I didn't ask why he didn't want Chika back. I reminded myself he had lost his partner in that earthquake, the mother of his children.

I explained the reason why I came—Chika's medical condition—the brain tumor (肿瘤). Iexplained that her life could be in the balance. I said I had a hard question. If Chika should not survive,is it important to him that she be buried here in Haiti?

"It doesn't matter," he said. " Whatever you think."

I eventually came to my utmost mission. I wanted him to see his daughter—and her to see him—perhaps because, deep down, I doubted about another chance. Yet as we drove back together, there was part of me feeling as if I had been nudged (轻推) to the side of the picture. Although Janine and I have done with Chika, this man has a certain claim that we never will.

Yours, not yours! The paperwork at the orphanage (孤儿院) was signed by me. It obligates us to nurture, feed, educate, and protect you. But in the end, it is a document, not parenthood. Yours, not yours! We wrestled with this question many times, Chika. Remember what you once asked? How did you find me? I promised myself you would never feel lost again.

After two hours, the father walked over, shook my hand, and left. That night, Chika rested her head upon my shoulder and after a few seconds mumbled, "Mister Mitch? What will you do while I sleep?"

"I'll read," I said. "And think about how much I love you."

She nodded, her eyes glowed. "That's what I'll do too."

At that moment, I didn't care who belonged to whom. I was hers, even if she were not min

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We figured that someone had found the kitten somewhere and left her there, and then rang the doorbell and ran away. They accurately guessed we would welcome an additional family member and take care of her.

My husband called her our little angel, so we named her accordingly. She had a calm aura (气质) about her as she walked straight into our home and hearts, fitting in perfectly. It seemed as if she was always meant to be in this big house with us. She was an old soul and turned out to be the perfect companion. Always by my side, she was more like a puppy than a kitten. Wise beyond her years, she enjoyed wandering through the tunnels and mysterious rooms as much as I did, but with much less fear. Angelica the calico was courageous.

So, I took a page from her book and decided to be brave, too. There was an underground stone cellar (地窖) I had been eager to explore. The only way in was down a rickety (摇晃的) ladder to its murky depths. I guessed it was an old root cellar, probably twelve feet deep.

I had promised my husband that I wouldn't explore dangerous areas unless he or someone else was around. Though I knew I was stretching it, I figured that Angelica would count as my companion. I was ready to explore this cellar, and so was she.

I equipped myself with a good flashlight and warm clothes, and carefully started down the rickety ladder while Angelica was looking down at me from above. Faint crack and sudden crash were what I could remember.

注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。

Paragraph 1

I woke up with pieces of the rotting, broken ladder lying around me on the stone cellar floor.

Paragraph 2

It seemed my companion, Angelica, was my last hope.