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Carolina Chickadees live in the eastern and southeastern U. S., whereas Black-capped Chickadees inhabit most of the rest of North America. Yet along the extensive, meandering line where the two species overlap, things can get unclear. They started to share a "hybrid zone" where they regularly interbreed (异种交配) and produce young, blurring (模糊) the lines between species.

In 2007 Robert Curry, an ornithologist and behavioral ecologist published a paper showing that the hybrid zone had been creeping northward over more than a decade. By that time Curry had accumulated years' worth of chickadee blood samples from his field sites, and he had access to tissue samples collected previously by other researchers as well. He and his collaborators used genetic analysis to verify the composition of the chickadee population at each site and looked at how that composition had shifted over time. The researchers' findings provided confirmation of what bird-watchers had already observed: in a decade and a half the northern edge of the hybrid zone had moved about 20 kilometers north. But why?

According to the data collected from eBird in the following years, the northern limit of Carolina Chickadees' range is roughly the point on the map where the average minimum winter temperature hits minus seven degrees Celsius — and that the rate of their northward expansion in Pennsylvania has been consistent with warming winters. Climate change is really only half of the story behind the movement of the hybrid zone. Meanwhile, there was a strong link between the presence of hybrids and the degree to which habitat in an area had been altered by humans. "I think what we've done in these disturbed areas is we've planted trees that favor Black-capped Chickadees," says, "which has increased their populations and then increased the frequency of hybridization between the two species in an artificial way."

"So what will happen? We don't know yet," Curry says. "But it will be interesting to see."

Passersby won't see the framework that typically come with construction. Photos of the site show amassive 46.5-foot-wide and 15.5-foot-tall 3D printer laying layer upon layer of sand-colored material onto the foundations, creating sand-colored walls. This enormous machine, called the Vulcan, was developed by Texas-based 3D printing and robotics company ICON. When the Vulcan constructs walls, it looks like "an inkjet printer with a cartridge (墨盒) going back and forth," Liz Lambert, El Cosmico's owner, described it.

The project is a cooperation between Lambert, ICON and architects at Bjarke Ingels Group. Lambert seeks to expand the existing El Cosmico hotel, adding 43 new units and 18 residential homes on a new 40-acre property. According to ICON, 3D printing will provide new ways to build and offer greater flexibility in architectural designs. "I've never been able to build with such little restriction…" Lambert tells Reuters' Evan Garcia. "It's an incredible way to build."

Images of the hotel's inside reveal cream-colored walls and rounded wooden surfaces full of colors that reflect the surrounding desert. The structures' walls are made of a concrete called "lavacrete", a low-carbon material created by ICON, which has a compressive strength (压缩强度) of 2,000 to 3,500 pounds per square inch. The mixture also uses local Texas materials colored to "fit into the landscape of Marfa," as Lambert tells the Reuters.

ICON was founded in 2018, and its technology has been used to build 3D-printed homes in Texas and Mexico, where residents have commented on the strength of their walls and their insulation (隔绝) from the sun. The company also adopts the technology to help address America's affordable housing crisis. In 2020, ICON constructed several houses for the Community First! Village in Austin for homeless people run by the nonprofit Mobile Loaves& Fishes.

Construction on the new hotel is scheduled to conclude in 2026, and the existing location will be open until 2025.

He was eight when they landed in the UK. Besides the changes in climate, he also had to adjust to the change in pets: "Where's everyone's pet lions and monkeys? It was all cats and dogs. I hadn't realised what a special upbringing I had had. But it was the UK that cemented my love of wildlife. At first glance, it doesn't look like there is a lot of wildlife, especially in the winter. But if you peel back the layers, there is so much."

Though his doctor parents didn't have time to closely teach him, they did turn on the television; in particular, the Discovery Channel. David Attenborough's The Life of Birds was an eye-opening experience, and Steve Irwin was a huge inspiration, too. While he thought they had cool jobs, he never thought he could be a presenter. He never saw anyone like him in front of the camera. He was a teenager who wasn't white.

It was still a long road to establishing his career, though. It was not until after he became an assistant for the incredible wildlife cameraman Jesse Wilkinson that he realized he needed to create his own journey. When he was21, he traveled with friends to the Highlands. Two weeks later, he was back there for good. He told his parents he was living in a beautiful cottage. The truth was that he was living in his car, just trying to make ends meet. He parked at the local ferry terminal but lived there happily for nine months, doing odd jobs — cutting grass, and moving furniture to earn enough money to survive. During that time, he was cutting his teeth as a wildlife cameraman — he was determined that he wouldn't go back to Northampton with his tail between his legs and say to his parents: "I've been defeated." Luckily, everything paid off. That experience taught him everything he needed to know about the profession.

Eventually, Hamza became a renowned wildlife cameraman, inspiring others to pursue their dreams regardless of their background.

Nesting Dolls

In a family of women with golden brown skin, Anyiaka, a Black girl with a much darker complexion (肤色), feels out of place. Through a set of nesting dolls, her African grandmother provides reassurance. Vivid, digitally created illustrations showcase this loving family's closeness.

Once upon a Book

Alice is invited inside a book by one of the animal characters from it. She embarks on a thrilling adventure of the imagination, traveling to a coral reef, outer space, and more. Delightful text and lush watercolor illustrations bring readers into this appealing adventure starring an Asian protagonist (主人公).

Maybe a Whale

After Grandpa's death, Mom takes the narrator on the trip Grandpa had planned to see "his whales". Rich watercolor illustrations blur sea and sky and show whales in shadows and stars. At night, they hear whales but still can't see them, and the narrator knows Grandpa remains present. A tender-testament to love and loss.

My Baba's Garden

Scott's own grandmother served as the inspiration for Baba, whose silent, meaningful gestures communicate her longing to pass on traditions to her grandson. Smith's watercolor illustrations bring warmth to every inch of Baba's kitchen and garden, and even find gentle beauty in earthworms.

Maycie Fuselier was a warm-hearted young woman with a genuine care for others. Three years ago, during a charity event, she signed up to be a bone marrow(骨髓) donor, hoping to make a difference in someone's life. As time passed, the memory of that selfless act faded into the background of her busy life as a high school English teacher.

In September 2022, Adam and Candace Cromer learned that their daughter, Sophie, then only 6 years old, had been diagnosed with aplastic anemia, a rare and serious bone marrow disease.

"It was severe," Candace said. "We did our own research and found the only cure option was to have a bone marrow transplant."

It was an ordinary afternoon when Maycie's phone rang and she answered, expecting a routine call, but the voice on the other end brought unexpected news.

"Hello, Maycie? This is calling from the National Bone Marrow Registry. We have a potential match for your donor profile. A young girl named Sophie, who is suffering from a rare and severe bone marrow disease called aplastic anemia, needs your help. Are you still willing to donate?"

The news that she was a match for Sophie left her both surprised and nervous. Unsure of what to do, she sought guidance from her father.

"He said that I should think about it and I did," she shared.

After taking his advice, she made the life-changing decision. "I'm so glad I said yes," Maycie added, reflecting on the experience.

The process was swift and efficient. Maycie underwent a series of tests to confirm her compatibility, and soon, it was confirmed that she was indeed a match for Sophie. The thought of being able to save a child's life filled her with a profound sense of purpose and joy.

In January 2023, Sophie's life was saved by a bone marrow transplant from Maycie. The Children's of Alabama organized a special meeting for them in September 2024.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150个左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

On the day of the reunion, Maycie walked into a room filled with balloons and smiles.

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Seeing Sophie healthy and lively, Maycie was glad she had made that decision.

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1.介绍比赛情况；

2.表达感谢。

注意：

1.写作词数应为80个左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dear Mr. Walsh,

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Yours,

Li Hua

A large tomb dating back approximately 5,000 years was discovered at the Wangzhuang ruins in the city of Yongcheng, Central China's Henan Province, providing new sample for studying the critical period of the origins of Chinese civilization, Dawenkou culture period (4300 BC-2500 BC), a culture of the late Neolithic Age.

It is reported that 45 Dawenkou culture tombs were newly discovered at the Wangzhuang site, 27 of have already been excavated. Some of these tombs appear(belong) to high-ranking officials, presenting a number of valuable artifacts and pig jawbones representing wealth and making it one of the (large) and most artifact-rich tombs found from the Dawenkou culture.

It is interesting to note that the tomb was(intentional) damaged by ancient enemy forces. Only a small number of human bones were found in the tomb, with no complete human skeleton (discover). This discovery provides new evidence for the development trace in ancient kingdoms across various regions during the (form) of Chinese civilization around 5,000 years ago.

So far, the Wangzhuang site has yielded over 1,000 artifacts. Based the shapes of the findings, the cultural characteristics of the site are complex, with the main(remain) belonging to the Dawenkou culture.

Currently, the excavation of the site is still underway. The cultural relics unearthed from the tomb have now been cleaned up, and the next step (be) to extract (提取) them for more detailed research.

Sawyer was born blind but his mother, Brianna, didn't5 until he was 3 months old. She was taking Sawyer for a stroll (散步) outside and noticed that they were in direct6 , but he wasn't squinting (眯着眼看). Doctors later7 Sawyer with septo-optic dysplasia (视神经发育不良), a genetic8 affecting one in 10,000 children.

Brianna and her husband Patrick hope their son will be able to live as9 as possible. Sawyer reads Braille and uses a cane. But there are also some developmental10 .

Soon they realized that the11 Sawyer communicates best is through music. "He always has a trick for12 noises that even we don't notice," the mother said.

Even at such a young age, Sawyer has big13 . He hopes to perform on America' s Got Talent - despite being nervous. But no matter what happens, one thing is14: Singing is in his past, present and future. When asked about how he thought it makes people feel when they hear him sing, Sawyer15 "Joyful".

Set concrete academic goals. If you just want to "do better" in school, does that mean an A? Or a B? Are you just trying to pass? Sit down and set specific benchmarks for yourself. You might say you want to maintain at least a 3.0 GPA, or that you want to get at least an A — in history this year.

Study efficiently. Avoid cramming and focus on creating your own understanding. It's easy to just sit in front of your book and read passively without really absorbing the information. If you find it most efficient to focus on one subject at a time, do that. If bouncing between a few similar subjects helps you stay on task, that's fine, too.

This will help you commit the material to memory. It's better to spend 10-15 minutes studying every night than to try and stuff everything into one study session the night before the big test. Research has shown that stuffing is one of the least efficient ways to prepare for a test, so avoid it at all costs.

Take care of your body. Get plenty of sleep, eat a healthy diet, and exercise regularly. You cannot stay motivated if you're so physically under the weather that your body can't focus. Get 8 hours of sleep — especially on school nights.

A. Stay focused with mindfulness tricks.

B. Study in a way that makes the most sense to you.

C. It's easier to stay motivated if you have specific goals.

D. Review everything you learned at the end of each study session.

E. It's a lot easier to stay motivated if you know you're going to relax eventually.

F. Eat a diverse, healthy diet and get plenty of physical activity to ensure you' re in tip-top shape.

G. You're not alone, but doing well in school will set you up to have the life you want down the road.

In a new review article published in Translational Psychiatry, researchers propose a novel assumption to understand the antidepressant effects of exercise. They believe that the process may hinge on motivation, which is very important for relieving a number of symptoms of depression, such as anhedonia (a lack of interest or joy in life's experiences), low energy and "brain fog".

The team summarised research papers exploring the mechanisms (机制) of depression in both humans and animals and concluded that depression, especially anhedonia, is associated with increased inflammation (炎症) caused by the body's immune response. Importantly, inflammation is also linked to disrupting dopamine transmission. These biological changes may represent key processes leading to changes in motivation, and in particular a lower willingness to make physical or mental effort.

Meanwhile, exercise reduces inflammation, boosts dopamine function, and enhances motivation. The researchers believe that this could be an important reason as to why exercise has an antidepressant effect. The team hope that this understanding of how exercise reduces symptoms of depression will help to inform the development of new treatment strategies— such as personalised exercise programmes.

Dr Emily Hird (UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience) said, "Understanding the mechanisms behind the antidepressant effects of physical activity in depression could also inform our understanding of the mechanisms causing depression and the development of novel intervention strategies, in particular, personalised intervention, and social prescribing."

"It would be important to investigate any potential barrier to exercise," Dr Hird added. "Addressing barriers to exercise— particularly in people with depression— is crucial, as regular physical activity may be able to relieve symptoms, enhance mood and empower individuals on their path to recovery. As part of this, finding strategies to encourage exercise is key."