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If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.

The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences -- called light pollution -- whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky. Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels -- and light rhythms -- to which many forms of life, including ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected.

In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze (霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark. We've grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night -- dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth -- is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.

We've lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further from the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing. Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet (磁铁). The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being "captured" by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.

Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint, including their nighttime breeding choruses. Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs. Like most other creatures, we do need darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself.

Living in a glare of our own making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage-the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense, light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way -- the edge of our galaxy -- arching overhead.

Donna Strickland was awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize for physics jointly with Arthur Ashkin and Gérard Mourou. It's the first time in 55 years that a woman has won this famous prize, but why has it taken so long? We look at five other pioneering female physicists—past and present—who actually deserve the prize.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

Perhaps the most famous snub (冷落):then-student Bell discovered the first radio pulsars in 1967, when she was a PhD student at Cambridge. The Nobel Prize that recognised this landmark discovery in 1974, however, went to her male supervisor, Antony Hewish. Recently awarded a ￡2.3 million Breakthrough Prize, which she gave away to help under-represented students, she joked to the Guardian, "I feel I've done very well out of not getting a Nobel Prize."

Lene Hau

Hau is best known for leading the research team at Harvard University in 1999 that managed to slow a beam of light, before managing to stop it completely in 2001. Often topping Nobel Prize prediction lists, could 2022 be Hau's year?

Vera Rubin

Rubin discovered dark matter in the 1980s, opening up a new field of astronomy. She died in 2016, without recognition from the committee.

Chien-Shiung Wu

Wu's "Wu experiment" helped disprove the "law of conservation of parity". Her experimental work was helpful but never honoured,and instead, her male colleagues won the 1957 Nobel Prize for their theoretical work behind the study.

Lise Meitner

Meitner led groundbreaking (开创性的) work on the discovery of nuclear fission. However, the discovery was acknowledged by the 1944 Nobel Prize for chemistry, which was won by her male co-lead, Otto Hahn.

An A for Mrs. B

I was sitting next to Missy in my ninth-grade world history class when Mrs. Bartlett announced a new project. In groups, we were to create a newspaper around the culture we were studying.

On a piece of paper, we wrote the names of three friends we wanted in our group. After collecting all the requests, Mrs. B. informed us that she would take into consideration the names we chose and would let us know the results the next day. I had no doubt I would get the group of my choice. Only a few people behaved normally in the class, and Missy was one of them. I knew we had chosen each other.

The next day, I anxiously waited for the class. After the bell rang, Missy and I stopped talking as Mrs. B called for our attention. She started to call out names. When she reached group three, Missy's name was called. So, I'm in group three,I thought. The second, third and fourth members of the group were called. My name was not included. There had to be some mistake!

Then I heard it. The last group: "Mauro, Juliette, Rachel, Karina." I could feel the tears well in my eyes. How could I face being in that group—the boy who rarely spoke English, the one girl who was always covered by skirts that went down to her ankles, and the other girl who wore weird clothes. Oh, how badly I wanted to be with my friends.

I fought back tears as I walked up to Mrs. B. She looked at me and knew what I was there for. I was determined to convince her I should be in the "good" group. "Why……?" I started.

She gently placed a hand on my shoulder. "I know what you want, Karina," she said, "but your group needs you. I need you to help them get a passing grade on this assignment. Only you can help them."

I was stunned. I was confused. I was amazed. She had seen something in me I hadn't seen.

"Will you help them?" she asked.

I stood straighter. "Yes," I replied. I couldn't believe it came out of my mouth, but it did. I had committed.

注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Para 1: 

I bravely walked to where the others in my group sat. 

……

Para 2: 

In the end, Mrs. B gave us an A on that assignment.

 

注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：心理健康月Month of Psychological Health

Dear Rogers,

……

Yours,

Li Hua

The first folding fans were made around 1000 A. D. in China, and were brought to Europe by Portuguese traders in the early 1500s.

One type of folding fans  (compose) of sticks of identical length held together at the bottom with a curved leaf of paper, silk, lace or other materials glued to the sticks. type of folding fan is the brisé fan, (consist) only of decorative sticks with no pleased (起褶的) leaf.

The brisé fan was popular in the 17th and early 18th centuries, but was never as widespread as the folding fan with a painted and pleated leaf. However, in the late 18th and early 19th century (small) fans had come into fashion, perhaps due to the narrower, high-waisted dresses that could no longer accommodate large pockets beneath, one could put a large fan. The smaller fan, often (call) "opera" size, could have (easy) slipped into a handbag. Whatever the reason, smaller fans saw increase in popularity during this period. The (carve) of the brisé fan is so delicate that it can set some fashionable ladies apart others in a party. They carried brisé fans to make their simplicity echo the general simplicity of dress.

Standing on the shore of a lake, I can't help but be surprised at the thousands of small rocks that surround my boots. They were all created from hard surfaces, their edges turning 1 over time.

And I wonder, can we learn from a pile of rocks?

Once, I too was a sharp rock covered with 2 . Today, after decades of the waters of life 3 over me, my edges are softer. I'm less likely to 4 and more interested in understanding others and learning how we can exist together.

Two years ago, while traveling in the Pacific Northwest during the pandemic, I watched a restaurant owner ask several people to leave for not wearing masks. On the door 5 a sign: "Please wear a mask before entering our restaurant. We don't like it either, but let's all do what we can to 6 this together."

The group of young men wished to 7  about the note.

I sat watching, 8 both sides. I've been those guys before, using my youthful edges to chip away at (不停地凿) the world. What I lost, 9 , was the ability to 10 from experiences by looking through the eyes of others. In learning to be more 11 , I've also found more happiness and success.

You can fit more 12  rocks in a jar than those with sharp edges. The former look for ways to 13  and make room for others; the latter never give an inch to accommodate others.

Time, like the waters rolling against once sharp stones, 14 us by washing away our resistance to seeing the world from others' point of view.

I placed a round stone into my jacket pocket. Mother Nature is giving a 15  again.

Things to Expect from Your Peer Tutoring Session

Peer (同龄人) tutoring is one of the most helpful tools to use during your college years.  There is probably no better way to get some efficient assistance than that from your fellow students. Peer tutors are understanding, helpful, and especially honest enough to help you out.

Expect constructive criticism. This will probably be the most uncomfortable part of the session. Tutors are being strict with you not because they want to be mean and ruin your existence.  The only way for them to ensure this is to be completely honest with you.

 Every tutor has a different learning style and teaching style that is unique to them, but it is up to you to use what they teach you to your best ability. If a tutor teaches you how to solve a math problem in a way that makes sense to you, but is also different from what you have learned in class, you will have to use that method because it works for you. Change is good and is nothing to be afraid of.

Expect discipline. We are humans, it happens. It is nothing to be ashamed of. However, if a tutor notices that you have been slacking off (懈怠), don't be surprised if they call you out on it. Your tutor wants you to use your potential to do the great things that they know you are capable of.

Expect improvement. Last but not least, expect to improve.  Once you practice what you have learned in the session, you will notice a rapid change in your grades and your learning ability.

A. Expect change.

B. Expect cooperation.

C. Sometimes, we all try to get by with a little less.

D. They simply want you to be the best with your ability.

E. Feel fortunate that your peer tutor is recognizing your mistakes.

F. Sometimes, you may meet some academic problems and need help.

G. Peer tutoring can be difficult, but its ultimate goal is for you to improve.

More than a third of the world's population lives in dry lands. Scientists at the University of Texas at Austin have developed a unique solution to help people in these areas access clean drinking water.

They have developed a special gel (凝胶) that can pull water from the air in even the driest climate. Combining two simple ingredients, cellulose and konjac gum (树胶), the gel is inexpensive to produce. Just one kilogram of gel can absorb up to six liters of water in a dry climate. For those living in a climate with relative humidity (潮湿), one kilogram of gel can collect up to 13 liters of water a day. As the gel is so inexpensive and easy to make, it may offer a way of providing drinking water to countries with water shortages.

Previously, researchers have harvested fresh water from fog and dew, but that only serves areas with high humidity. Other attempts at pulling water from desert air are typically energy-intensive and do not produce much. In fact, this gel is a vast improvement from previous water harvesting technologies. This new gel uses no energy and is simple to operate and it can be molded into a shape or size that best suits the user.

"This new work is about practical solutions that people can use to get water in the hottest, driest places on Earth," said Guihua Yu, professor at the Cockrell School of Engineering. "This could allow millions of people without consistent access to drinking water to have simple, water generating devices at home that they can easily operate."

Scientists are planning on making a thicker gel that will increase the yield making this technology a practicable solution to drought.

Any image taken from space confirms that we live on an ocean planet. How strange that we call our planet "Earth," derived from a Germanic word meaning "the ground," when more than 70 percent of its surface is covered by ocean.

We need more people to see the sea. Right now, less than 3 percent of the ocean is considered highly protected. Experts urge that at least 30 percent be protected to safeguard marine(海洋的) ecosystems, which in turn will help protect our health and well-being. The ocean supplies more than half our oxygen, absorbs carbon dioxide, regulates our climate, and supports much of the world's economy. We need it a lot more than it needs us.

Take Florida, for example, one of the United States' recreational hot spots. It's bordered by the Florida Reef Tract, North America's only living coral barrier reef and the third largest in the world. Home to more than 500 species of fish, the reef is also essential to the Sunshine State's economy, generating an estimated $1.1 billion annually in tourism. The reef buffers(保护) the coastline, too, since health y coral reefs absorb 97 percent of a wave's energy. Three-quarters of Florida's 22 million people live along the coast, and the Florida Reef Tract provides more than $650 million in combined economic activity and flood protection.

A November 2022 study from the University of Miami has found that 70 percent of Florida's coral reefs are experiencing a net loss of reef habitat. Directly facing these concerns is what I mean by seeing the sea—the good, the bad, the important. Knowledge is power, and we can use it to inform our choices, from traveling more mindfully, to examining how we run our businesses, to voting. "No one can do everything, but everyone can do something," Sylvia Earle, oceanographer and National Geographic Explorer at Large, is fond of saying.

The ocean is a remarkable teacher, and it's never too late to start learning.

In Victorian Time, there was a strange tapeworm(绦虫) diet, in which dieters swallowed an unhatched tapeworm and let it grow inside them by consuming undigested meals. Obviously, this is an exceptionally dangerous and unhealthy way to manage your weight. However, while modern popular diets aren't usually this extreme, they do promise similar results; specifically, losing weight fast. So, are there any fast diets that do work? And are any of them actually healthy for you?

Sam and Felix, who are identical twins are planning to go on a diet. Sam is hoping to lose weight slowly, while Felix wants to go fast.

Sam's plan is to gradually decrease his calorie intake and increase his regular exercise. With less energy coming in and more being expended, he's creating an energy deficit inside his body. To compensate, after 4 to 6 hours, his body starts burning fat cells as a major energy source for his organs and tissues.

Felix aims to create a similar energy deficiency dramatically cutting his calorie intake. Unlike Sam, who's still eating smaller meals, Felix is eating almost nothing. And his body responds by going into a starvation response. Desperate for energy, his body starts breaking down other materials, including his muscles. Meanwhile, Sam's regular exercise is maintaining his muscle mass. This means he'll use more energy both during exercise and at rest, making it easier for him to lose weight. Felix, on the other hand, is losing muscle mass and burning fewer calories than ever for his body's basic functions, making weight loss even more difficult.

Whether you're cutting calories or food groups, extreme diets are a shock to your system. Many people are often pressured to diet for reasons other than health or happiness. Rather than trying to lose weight fast, we should all be taking our time to figure out what the healthiest lifestyle is for ourselves.

Intro

Our Online Chinese Summer Camp program is a wonderful, immersive(沉浸式的) online Chinese learning experience specifically designed for learning Chinese remotely.

Suitable Age

Kids aged 10 to 16

Camp Content

Interactive Chinese lessons, cultural activities and virtual trips

Schedule

Monday to Friday

The class time is scheduled according to different time zones.

Camp Levels

Online Chinese Camp is divided into 2 levels-Non-Native Chinese Camp for beginner to intermediate (中等的) levels and Chinese Camp for intermediate to advanced levels.

Ready to Sign Up?

Contact us (www.Chinesesummercamp.com) and we will be happy to answer your questions and help you choose the right camp. Don't forget to ask us about early bird price!

 Hector stood in the front of his fifth-grade classroom as one of the last two competitors in the Room Five Geography Bee. His opponent having missed the last question, it was Hector's turn. If he answered his question correctly, he would be the Room Five champion.  

"Where did I put that second sheet of questions?"Mr. Adler whispered while searching through a thick pile of papers on his messy desk. Mr. Adler, though a great teacher, had a reputation of being disorganized with a long history of misplacing things. "Oh well, I apologize for the delay. " said Mr. Adler after what seemed like a long time. "Hector, please tell us the capital city of Brazil. "Hearing the question, Hector smiled. Then, there was the answer.

 Later that day in the courtyard, many classmates congratulated Hector. Wearing a proud smile, he greeted and thanked them all. Oh, the sweet taste of victory.  

As it was getting late, the courtyard became deserted. But Hector still didn't want to leave. Then he saw Mr. Adler crossing the courtyard and holding a half-open bag full of papers. As he hurried past, an envelope dropped out but Mr. Adler was unaware, turned a corner and disappeared out of sight. Hector picked it up. On the envelope were the words "Fifth Grade Geography Bee Questions and Answers". Hector stared wide-eyed at the envelope. Before he even had time to reflect on the consequences, he opened it and read the questions.

As soon as Hector had done it, he knew it was the wrong choice. He'd cheated and whatever he did now, he couldn't change the fact. "What if Mr. Adler thought I stole this morning's questions too?"Hector thought. "He'd take away my Room Five victory for sure. "Little did he know that one of the best days in his life would be turned into the worst so quickly. Torn by his conscience, Hector was totally at a loss what to do.

 注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好； 

 Adam  himself   by his classmates and felt sad.  

    that Messi is the best football player in the world.  

   tomorrow afternoon Tom and Jack will make a kite at home.  

, I don't know how to deal with such a dangerous situation.