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Meat is an indispensable part of Chinese cuisine. But not everyone is fond of eating meat. As early as the Tang Dynasty(618-907), compassionate people invented "mock meat" from tofu and vegetables, a tradition that has lasted until the present day. Now, people who want to cut down on cholesterol, reduce their carbon footprint or express sympathy for animals may have found some answers from plant-based meat.

Plant-based meat is commonly used in many foods and the most popular case can be found in veggie burgers, whose :meat: part is often made from ingredients such as beans, nuts, grains and mushrooms. If you tried veggie burgers years ago and thought them as rubbery, flavourless, it's a good time to give them another chance.  It is even more real and delicious than you can imagine. 

 Many meatless manufacturers don't reveal their total emission, but research shows they do generate much fewer greenhouse gas emissions compared to their meat equivalence. One study found that making a Beyond Burger, a veggie burger, uses 99 percent less water, 93 percent less land, and nearly 50 percent less energy. 

More and more people are looking to limit their meat consumption. A lot of research supports the idea that a plant-based diet can boost your health, decrease the risk of heart disease, type II diabetes and certain cancers, and help you stay at a healthy weight. 

Physical and economic benefits have drawn companies and manufacturers to devote themselves to the plant-based meat industry. But it is not so easy as we expect.  They are patiently planning to increase their employee count, purchase manufacturing facilities, and expand their sales and distribution channels. Despite these challenges, the plant-based industry is continuing to grow rapidly and many in the industry are optimistic about the future.

A. Doubts have been raised over food safety issues.

B. Old habits die hard and it takes time to accept new things.

C. Popularity goes with reducing negative environmental impacts.

D. Plant-based meat industry will soon substitute the traditional one.

E. It can even lengthen your life and be good for your mental health.

F. Newer varieties mock the look, flavor, and texture of the real thing.

G. People's reasons for not eating meat are as varied as people themselves.

Back in 1964, in his book Games People Play, psychiatrist Eric Berne described a pattern of conversation he called "Why Don't You — Yes But", which remains one of the most annoying aspects of everyday social life. The person adopting the strategy is usually a chronic complainer. Something is terrible about their relationship, job, or other situation, and they complain about it endlessly, but find some excuse to dismiss any solution that's proposed. The reason, of course, is that on some level they don't want a solution; they want to be validated (认可) in their position that the world is out to get them. If they can "win" the game — dismissing every suggestion until interlocutor (对话者) gives up in annoyance — they get to feel pleasurably righteous (正当的) in their anger and excused from any obligation to change.

Part of the trouble here is the so-called responsibility/fault fallacy (谬误). When you're feeling hard done by — taken for granted by your partner, say, or obliged to work for a stupid boss — it's easy to become attached to the position that it's not your job to address the matter, and that doing so would be an admission of fault. But there's a confusion here. For example, if I were to discover a newborn at my front door, it wouldn't be my fault, but it most certainly would be my responsibility. There would be choices to make, and no possibility of avoiding them, since trying to ignore the matter would be a choice. The point is that what goes for the baby on the doorstep is true in all cases: even if the other person is 100% in the wrong, there's nothing to be gained, long-term, from using this as a justification to evade responsibility.

Should you find yourself on the receiving end of this kind of complaining, there's a clever way to shut it down — which is to agree with it. Psychotherapist Lori Gottlieb describes this as "over-validation". For one thing, you'll be spared further complaining, since the other person's motivation was to confirm her beliefs, and now you're confirming them. But for another, as Gottlieb notes, people confronted with over-validation often hear their complaints afresh and start arguing back. The concept that they're utterly powerless suddenly seems unrealistic, not to mention rather annoying — so they're prompted instead to generate ideas about how they might change things.

"And then, sometimes, something magical might happen, " Gotlieb writes. The other person "might realize she's not as trapped as you are saying she is, or as she feels. " Avoiding responsibility feels comfortable, but turns out to be a prison; whereas assuming responsibility feels unpleasant, but ends up being freeing.

On your busiest days, you may not be thinking much about what ends up on your plate. In fact, you may count yourself lucky if your meal doesn't come out of the convenience store. But abandoning your healthy eating goals can impede your health. After all, a diet rich in produce offers valuable nutrients not just to your body, but to your mental well-being.

But here's the irony. If you focus just on the mental and physical health benefits — instead of how delicious healthy foods can be — you may have a harder time getting those benefits, says a new study. "We are used to thinking about how nutritious foods will help our bodies, but these aren't our top priorities when we're hungry," says Brad Turnwald, study co-author from Stanford University. This can lead to a mindset that healthy eating is boring and even depriving(剥夺的). So to really use food to fuel your body and mind, it may help to try having delicious dishes that also happen to be nutritious.

Before you change your diet completely, Vagdevi Meunier, a professor at St. Edwards University, suggests making one change at a time. Instead of turning down both bread and fries at your next meal, she advises starting off by making just one swap, such as trading the fries for boiled broccoli, but letting yourself have a piece of bread. This will help your mind adapt to the changes instead of triggering（触发）your deprivation mode.

Eating food is not just about getting nutrients. Some elements such as a colorful feast for the eyes, and yes, good flavors are also important. Turnwald's study found that being mindful of these elements of eating could help you choose wisely. This could be as simple as topping a dish with some fresh herbs, or keeping a bottle of hot sauce at work to add the flavor of an otherwise "boring yet nutritious" meal. 

Planning your diet in advance is a research-backed strategy for keeping your desires in check. Researchers from Carnegie Mellon University found that people who decided on their lunch orders in the morning consumed five percent fewer calories than their colleagues who made their choices in the moment. By planning your lunch menu ahead of time — and planning something nutritious yet delicious — you'll get to eat what you want and your brain will benefit, too.

Paul O'Sullivan walked around his Baltimore apartment one evening in 2014 with nothing better to do. So he logged on to Facebook to find out just how many others on the social network shared his name. Moments later, Paul O'Sullivans filled his screen. Then, the then-27-year-old decided to send friend requests to them all. Many Paul O'Sullivans ignored him, but three of them, such as Paul O'Sullivan from Rotterdam, felt too curious to pass up his invitation.

As Baltimore Paul scrolled through the other Paul O'Sullivans' profiles, he noticed something four of them had in common: they all love music. Like Baltimore Paul, Rotterdam Paul sings and plays the guitar. Another Paul in Manchester plays bass. And Paul from Pennsylvania is a drummer. Baltimore Paul had an idea. Wouldn't it be funny if they formed a band called The Paul O'Sullivan online? Yes, it would be, they all agreed. And so they did.

Starting a virtual band across different time zones proved to be tricky. Thus, they created a sort of musical assembly line. Baltimore Paul and Rotterdam Paul wrote and recorded a basic track, and then e-mailed it to Manchester Paul. Once Manchester Paul recorded a bass track, he e-mailed it back to Baltimore Paul, who then built it into the main song. Later, Pennsylvania Paul added the drumbeat.

The Paul O'Sullivan released its first song "Namesake" in March 2016. But just months after the song's release, Baltimore Paul began experiencing health issues that forced him to take time off from making music. The other Pauls decided to take a break.

But they didn't press pause on their friendships. Instead of supporting one another on music, they supported one another more generally. The other Pauls made sure Baltimore Paul never felt alone, even with the miles between them.

It was about four years before Baltimore Paul was well enough to start making music again. The first thing the band did was create a music video for "Namesake" which debuted on YouTube. When COVID-19 shut down the world, the Pauls didn't miss a beat. They used their time during the pandemic to record their first EP. Titled Internet Famous: A Retrospective, it was released last April.

A random Facebook request led to not only new music but also lasting friendships. 

No summer is complete without a good book in your hand. Here are some of the best books of this season and YOU WON'T WANT TO MISS A WORD! 

Re-Making the American Dream

By David Vaught www. authorhouse. com 

Hardback | Paperback | E-book $23.99 | $12.99 | $4.99 

The U. S. Military Academy at West Point's mission is "to educate, train, and inspire the corps of cadets (军训生)". The challenge by cadets to its requirement arose from the values of the American Dream and also re-made them through the resulting events.

The History of College Nicknames, Mascots and School Colors

By Gary Hudson www. xlibris. com 

Hardback | Paperback | E-book $29.99 | $19.99 | $3.99

College nicknames are fun. They are filled with history and if you ask 10 people how the nickname came about, you are more than likely to get several different answers. The History of College Nicknames, Mascots and School Colors explains the history behind them. 

WWII+V

By Johan Zwaan www. xlibris. com 

Hardback | Paperback | E-book $29.99 | $18.99 | $6.99

1,500 troops. 7,000 ships. 4,000 American and British people died. Johan Zwaan narrates his memories of war as a kid 75 years after witnessing the Normandy invasion. The book has been translated into different languages and is a prize-winner. 

Have Knife, Will Travel

By Hugh Cameron www. authorhouse. com 

Hardback | Paperback | E-book $19.99 | $12.99 | $3.99 

A story of the development of artificial joint replacement, and how a band of surgeons known as Traveling Road Show crossed the world teaching this new technology to thousands of other surgeons.

That night, I quarreled with my mother, then stormed out of the house. While on the road, I remembered that I did not have any money in my pocket, and I did not even take my cell phone with me to make a call home. 

At the same time, I went through a noodle shop. Picking up the sweet fragrance, I suddenly felt very hungry. I wished for a bowl of noodles, but I had no money! The seller saw me standing before the counter and asked, "Hey, little girl, you want to eat a bowl?"

"But…but I do not carry money…" I shyly replied.

"Okay, I'll treat you. " the seller said. "Come in, I will cook you a bowl. "

A few minutes later the owner brought me a steaming bowl of noodles. After eating some pieces, I cried. 

"What is it?" He asked.

"Nothing. I am just touched by your kindness!" I said as I wiped my tears. "Even a stranger on the street gives me a bowl of noodles, and my mother, after a quarrel, chased me out of the house. She is cruel!"

The seller sighed, "Girl, why do you think so? Think again. I only gave you a bowl of noodles and you felt that way. Your mother has been taking care of you since you were little, why were you not grateful and why did you hurt your mom?"

I was really surprised after hearing that. 

Why didn't I think of that? A bowl of noodles from a stranger made me feel grateful, and my mother has raised me since I was little and I have never felt so, not even a little. I thought she was supposed to take care of me and love me. 

On the way home, I thought in my head what I would say to my mother when I arrived home: "Mom, I'm sorry, I know it is my fault, please forgive me…"

注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为150词左右；2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。

Paragraph 1：Meanwhile many memories came back into my mind. 

Paragraph 2：When arriving home, I saw my mother sitting at the dinner table, worried and tired. 

你校将举办英语演讲比赛。请你以Be smart online learners 为题写一篇发言稿参赛，内容包括：1. 分析优势与不足；2. 提出学习建议。注意：1. 词数 100 左右；2. 题目和首句已为你写好。

Be smart online learners

Online learning has become an important way to study. 

Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize in 2015 for her research,  led to the discovery of artemisinin. Artemisinin (save) a large number of lives since it was discovered. After  (graduate) from university, Tu Youyou worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. In 1967, Tu Youyou  (choose) as a researcher of a team of scientists with  purpose of discovering a new treatment for malaria. They(evaluate) 280. 000 plants and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical(treat). One medical text suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. Tu Youyou analyzed the medical texts again, and  chance, she found one sentence suggesting a different way. Soon she found a substance that worked by(boil) the sweet wormwood at a lower temperature. The team's hard work (event) paid off in 1971. 

Tu Youyou thought the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort and the Nobel Prize was an honor for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world. 

This was my first year teaching in a special needs school. I was uncertain what to 1  at our annual Special Sports Meeting. My students had different 2 , from mild learning disabilities to severe brain diseases. 

Mark was one with the latter, limited to a 3 . However, he 4  greeted everyone with huge smiles. His classmates loved him and often took their time to make sure of his participation in group activities, especially Mike, Andy and Lucas, all 5  at sports. Mark imagined being like them. Watching and cheering for their elegant 6  on the playground seemed to fill him with wonder. 

The big day came at last and the final 7  was the 400-meter race. Everyone was invited to 8  according to their own ability. Mike, Andy and Lucas 9  to prove who the best athlete was. But when they reached the finish line they paused and looked behind them. At the back, determined not to be left behind, was Mark, 10  on the track in his wheelchair with half the distance left to 11 . Looking at each other, a 12  thought passing between them. Slowly, they jogged back towards their friend, 13  him on as he had done for them before. 

The progress was 14 , but eventually they crossed the finish line together to the cries of their teachers and classmates. I came to understand what makes the Special Sports Meeting so 15 . 

Many people regard sharks as dangerous monsters. But human beings cause a far greater danger to them than they do to us. Although shark attacks do occur, they are quite rare. According to a survey, however, humans kill 100 million sharks every year.  

Why should we save the sharks?

Sharks take up the top position on the food chain in the ocean. As sharks die off, the population of the animals that sharks eat will increase. This, in turn, means that the number of the creatures those animals eat will drop.  Fish that eat algae(藻类)are also included. This can cause algae to spread so much that it damages coral reefs(珊瑚礁). 

 The ocean not only produces more oxygen than all the rainforests on Earth combined, but also removes half of the man-made greenhouse gas from the atmosphere. Once sharks die off, the global ecosystem will be upset, affecting all creatures including human beings. 

Don't use shark products

First, vitamin energy drinks and leather goods can be made from shark parts.  In addition, shark meat is sold around the world, sometimes under misleading names such as rock salmon or whitefish. 

Shark fin soup is a popular dish. However, the process of getting fins is cruel. Fishermen cut the shark's fins off and then throw the shark back into the water, still alive.  Sharks breathe by swimming, so a shark that can't swim will die. 

A. Actually, the killing of sharks will affect the whole planet. 

B. Shark oil is also used in many popular beauty products. 

C. Then the shark dies slowly, sometimes over several days. 

D. It is time for children to learn about sharks. 

E. People in some countries are especially keen on shark products. 

F. This number is a warning that many kinds of sharks may die out. 

G. Among them are some sea fish that humans eat every day

The e-commerce company that retailers(零售商)talk about most these days is neither Amazon, the American giant, nor Alibaba, China's biggest. It is Pinduoduo(PDD), a Chinese firm that started in 2015 as an online food supplier, but whose success has driven its market value above $200bn. Last year it was China's fastest-growing Internet stock(股票), rising by 330%. 

PDD attracts attention for two reasons. One is its business model. David Liu, vice-president of strategy, explains that it has drawn on the popularity of smart phone in China to create an e-commerce experience in which people club together to buy products from robot vacuum-cleaners to bananas. During the pandemic(疫情)this has expanded into a fast-growing business across thousands of towns and villages, in which PDD's users gather to buy local farm produce at low prices. Some call this "community group-buy". Mr. Liu calls it "interactive commerce". It is one of the hottest parts of the Chinese Internet.

The second is the way PDD has broken the record of giants of online shopping. Until a few years ago, China's e-commerce market seemed a two-way competition between Alibaba and JD. com, a competitor platform. Elinor Leung of CLSA expects PDD's share of online retail in China to go beyond that of JD in 2021. She expects the number of users over Alibaba. And although PDD put a huge amount of money to lower the prices of goods, ensuring the customers from poorer parts of China easy access to its app, she thinks it may turn profitable this year. 

Remarkably the key to its success focused on parts of the market they have been unable to reach instead of defeating its bigger competitors. Although online sales of groceries have rocketed during the pandemic, less than a tenth of the 8. 1trn yuan ($1. 25trn) farm-produce market is bought and sold digitally. " We are continuing to grow the pie,"says Mr Liu. That lesson applies elsewhere too. However, no matter how a future market looks, there is opportunity for new online businesses because e-commerce is at an early stage of development.

While ChatGPT answered a variety of questions raised by testers successfully, some responses were noticeably off. In fact, Stack Overflow—a website for programmers—didn't allow users to share information from ChatGPT, saying that it's "harmful to the site and to users who are asking or looking for correct answers. "

Beyond the issue of spreading incorrect information, the tool could also be used to explain problematic thoughts, and as with all AI tools, spread biases (偏见) based on the pool of data on which it's trained. Typing something involving a CEO, for example, could arouse a response assuming that the individual is white and male, for example. 

"While we've made efforts to make the model refuse unsuitable requests, it will sometimes respond to harmful instructions or exhibit biased behavior," OpenAI, the company that created ChatGPT, said on its website. "We're using the Moderation API to warn or stop certain types of unsafe content, but it still has some false negatives and positives for now. We're eager to collect user feedback (反馈) to aid our ongoing work to improve this system. "

Still, Lian Jye Su, a research director at market research company ABI Research, warns the chatbot is operating "without understanding the context of the language. "

"It is very easy for ChatGPT to give plausible-sounding (听起来合理) but incorrect or senseless answers," he said. "It guessed when it was supposed to explain and sometimes responded to harmful instructions or exhibited biased behavior. It also lacks regional and country-specific understanding. "

While ChatGPT is free, it does put a limit on the number of questions a user can raise before having to pay. When Elon Musk, a co-founder of OpenAI, recently asked Altman on Twitter about the average cost per ChatGPT chat, Altman said:"We will have to monetize (货币化) it somehow at some point; the compute costs are eye-watering. "

I was born with a rare condition. Living with no hands and no feet has made me who I am today. 

My parents helped me develop tools to overcome my challenges. When I was two, my dad decided that my family would stop helping me eat. He knew that one day I'd live on my own, so I'd have to look after myself. I learned to eat with a spoon, and then with a knife and fork. It gave me a huge sense of achievement. 

My darkest moment fell when I was 10. My family had moved from Indiana to Georgia. In Indiana, friends treated me as normal. But in Georgia, it was different. I felt very aware of my disability. I worried I'd have to live at home forever. I felt hopeless about the future. 

My world changed when I got into sports. I started playing football. Everything came together when I made my first tackle at age 11. It was my first real achievement. 

Everyone I played against was able-bodied. At first, I struggled. But I threw everything I had into learning to be the best player. I turned my lack of height into a weapon. 

Then I decided to start wrestling. I lost 35 games, but then I had a breakthrough. I had an amazing coach who helped me invent moves that took advantage of my strength. My different body type was a psychological advantage-opponents didn't know how to handle it. I eventually finished 12th in the103-pound weight class in the championships. 

I keep going in the face of difficulties. Instead of thinking about the final goal, I focus on the near future. I just figure out how to do the best I can with the next few feet in front of me. 

It can be really hard to learn a language well without living in a country full of native speakers! You have to find something interesting! Here's the solution: TV Series. 

Game of Thrones

You should really start watching it. The language is beautiful and easy to understand. Drama, love and good characters mark the show and there are actors from all around the world. You won't know what's going to happen at the ending. This is a must-see!

Sherlock

A British masterpiece. Is there any language learner who has not heard of Sherlock Holmes and his friend John Watson? The writers placed the stories into London in the 21st century, so it's basically a modern version of the original stories. Here you have everything that an English language learner could wish for: British accents, good acting, long and interesting conversations with a lot of humour. 

Friends

Everybody knows Friends, which couldn't be missed off of this list. With many different accents to be heard and lots of dialects, this is the perfect show for English learners. The plot is relatively simple to understand. Six friends battle with tough jobs, complicated relationships and life in Manhattan, New York. In parts of the show there are also British accents to listen to and learn. 

How I Met Your Mother

It is one of the most successful situation comedies in the United States, attracting the audience all around the world. It's about the life of five friends that live in New York, focusing on their work and their favorite free time activity: sitting in their favorite bar. You get to know many modern American expressions and can enjoy a lot of dialects that make the show even more interesting.