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Learning vocabulary is a big part of learning a language. The more English words you learn, the better you can communicate your needs, ideas, thoughts and feelings to others in English. Here are four tips for better vocabulary learning.

●Write down new words.

It's a really good idea to write down useful new vocabulary. Plus, lots of people learn better when they see things written on paper, rather than just hearing them.

●Revise new vocabulary regularly.

So, you've got an English notebook full of useful vocabulary to remember. But did you know that if you don't look again at the new words and phrases, you only remember on average 20-25 percent of them?

So make five minutes each day to revise your English vocabulary. The more you look backwards, the faster you go forwards!

●Learn from context.

"Context" means the text that comes before and after a particular word. It helps you guess the meaning of words you don't know, it shows you how a word is used in a sentence, and it helps you remember the word for longer.

This means learning vocabulary by reading and listening is more effective than trying to study word lists. It also means that it's better to make a note of how a word is used in a sentence rather than just the word on its own.

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Researchers have found that you need to see or hear a word on average ten times to remember it. But you learn it much faster when you're actively using a word.

So, besides getting as much exposure to English as you can,take every opportunity to communicate in English with other people.

A. Use it or lose it!

B. See or hear a word more times.

C. New words are usually hard to remember.

D. That's a shocking waste of time and effort!

E. It also refers to the situation in which a word is used.

F. The act of writing the words helps you remember them better.

G. So what can you do to build your English vocabulary quickly and effectively?

Unlike humans, dogs have a muzzle (动物的鼻口部分) built differently from our mouths. Aided by powerful muscles, their muzzles are designed for strength, not flexibility. They're used as devices to attack, or tools to catch things. Strength and flexibility often conflict (冲突) with each other. As a result, the muscle that provides strength to the muzzle also lessens the control and flexibility of the dog's lips, limiting the variety of facial expressions that dogs can make with their mouths. The small number of available facial signals is reserved for only a few major emotional expressions, but these can still be observed and easily translated.

When a dog feels happy and at ease, usually during comfortable moments with loved ones, its eyes appear soft and calm, and its mouth is relaxed and slightly open with the tongue gently resting over the lower teeth. This expression, with body language such as ears up but not forward and a tail that's at a natural low position, is very similar to a human smile.

Although there has been much recent systematic research that has proved that the slightly open mouth and visible tongue are the closest that we can come to a relaxed and satisfied smile in dogs, it turns out that it is not a modern discovery.

In ancient Egypt, children's toys were often made in the shape of dogs. Such toys frequently featured a face with an extended tongue lapping out over the front of the open mouth, thus copying the smile of a dog. A rough translation of the typical terms used to describe these is "happy dog" or "laughing dog" toys. Somehow, without formal training, most of us can naturally recognize when a dog is smiling and they certainly do smile.

Kumbala started working on Saplings in 2021 after Hurricane Ida caused her school to shut down for more than a month. She used this time to learn how to build a website. "There was definitely a rise in stress levels in my community, especially among the youth," she said, noting that teenagers often hesitate to seek help due to fear of judgment. Though the app is not a replacement for professional help, Kumbala highlights its value for teenagers in need.

Saplings became a free mobile app in 2022. It offers a journey of mental wellness through meditation (冥想), journaling, and various resources. "The idea is to give people tools to use and let them decide what works best for their situation," Kumbala explained. "You can pick and choose which features are right for you."

The app includes a meditation studio with a variety of music and guided periods like mindful breathing exercises, morning relaxation, and a peaceful walk through a forest. Additionally, it features a mindfulness game designed to improve focus. "Meditation can be difficult and seem so unreachable, but this tool breaks it down step by step," Kumbala said.

The journaling feature allows users to record their ideas and views, with choices of editing or removing entries (条目). It also offers inspirational words from notable figures like Albert Einstein and Martin Luther King Jr. The resources section provides links (链接) to a mental health organization, reading materials on mental health, and suggestions for stress-relief activities.

The app's reach has grown through partnerships with schools and presentations at student gatherings. For Kumbala, it has been really satisfying to help other people and it's been a fantastic journey so far.