相关试卷

Our behavior and our brains are closely linked. And yet, the majority of studies only take a snapshot of our lived experience. "We know little about the response of brain functional connectivity to environmental, physiological, and behavioral changes on different timescales, from days to months," said Triana, a professor from Aalto University.

To investigate these effects, Triana and his colleagues tracked their own brain activity and behavior over a five-month period using a combination of brain scans, wearable devices and their smartphones. "We studied brain activity using FMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging), sleep and physical activity patterns using a smart-ring, heart and respiration rates using a smartwatch, and mood using questionnaires prompted on their smartphone," Triana said.

Triana's brain was scanned twice a week, followed by qualitative (定性的) data from mood surveys. The team identified two distinct brain patterns in response to specific behaviors: a short-term wave lasting less than a week and a long-term wave lasting up to 15 days. The short-term wave was reflective of rapid responses to a behavior, like struggling to focus after a poor night's sleep. Meanwhile, the long-term wave suggests more gradual, lasting effects of a particular behavior. These were particularly apparent in areas of the brain tied to attention and memory. In other words, a workout or restless night from two weeks ago could still be affecting you — positively or negatively — today.

While this study only shows the brain activity of one individual, the researchers hope that it demonstrates the importance of studying brain activity in the context of our wider lifestyle and behavior, rather than a single snapshot in the lab. "This research is important because it provides a more comprehensive and dynamic view of brain function, highlighting the long-term impact of everyday behaviour on brain health," Triana said.

If you've experienced anything like the above anecdote, you're not alone. People responding "maybe" to invitations is a common yet annoying aspect of social life. What goes on in people's heads when they aren't sure whether to accept an invitation? Social invitations can be a delicate dance. People often misread what someone extending an invitation wants to hear and overestimate an inviter's likelihood of preferring a "maybe" over a "no." Moreover, they fail to realize how much more disrespected people feel when they receive a "maybe" in response to their invitation.

Naturally, we wanted to figure out why this awkward dynamic plays out. We found that it's largely due to something called "motivated reasoning." Motivated reasoning occurs when a person interprets information in a biased (有偏差的) way to suit their own wishes. In other words, invitees convince themselves that inviters want to hear "maybe" instead of "no" because a "maybe" is better for the invitees, allowing them to leave their options open. Besides, people tend to overestimate the negative consequences of saying "no" to invitations, thinking it will upset, anger and disappoint inviters.

However, there were certain situations that made people more comfortable saying "no" to an invitation. When recipients of an invitation put themselves in the shoes of the person extending the invitation, they are more likely to realize that they'd probably prefer a definite answer. When the participants get invited to do something they didn't want to do, they had no desire to keep their options open. The motivated reasoning then became irrelevant.

While navigating social situations can be tricky, being direct and definite is sometimes best. It might reduce your options. But it'll keep those who invite you from being left uncertain and maybe they'll still think of you when the next concert comes to town.

Though never skilled at crafts, I've always found comfort in textiles. My mother, who had knitted a granny-square blanket in her twenties, was game to re-learn how to do it. In her youth, Granny squares became the after-dinner routine and soon I was churning out dozens of multicolored squares. And it felt like this project was, maybe, helping?

"It's incredibly mindful," says Gabrielle Gatto, a death educator in our community. "That's part of really sitting with something."

On a Tuesday evening, Gatto sets up a snack table inside the cemetery's church, preparing for the start of her monthly interactive workshop, "Grieving & Weaving. " "I think it was important to have that in the name as well," she says. "We are going to talk about grief, death and loss. But we're also going to create happy memories together, eating and drinking a bunch of things."

It's a project that had been sitting in her closet for months. Earlier this year, after both her grandmothers died, she lost what she calls the "knitting light" for a while. Rafferty, who is also a therapist, says she almost skipped the workshop to stay home with her dog, but she's glad she didn't — being here is therapeutic.

As Gatto says, after all, it's not the end product that's the therapy. It's the act of doing it. "A big thing with grief is moving through it both mentally and physically," Gatto says. "And that's exactly what we do here. We bring something that is maybe heavy on our minds or our hearts. And then we work with our hands. We work with it, and we work together."

Duration

4 weeks, 2-3 hours per week; start from Nov. 5.

About this course

The crises of our time generate enormous adaptive challenges for our families, organizations, communities, and societies. The need for leadership that can mobilize people to meet these challenges and improve life is critical.

In this introductory course, you will explore strategies for leading in a changing world where adaptive pressures will continue to challenge all of us. You will discover new ways to approach complex organizational systems and take thoughtful action on the work we all face ahead. Most importantly, you will reflect on how to move forward on the leadership challenges you care about most.

At a glance

·Institution: HarvardX

·Subject Business & Management

·Level: Introductory

·Language: English

·Video Transcript: English

·Associated skills: Leadership

What you'll learn

In this short introductory course, you will discover a diagnostic-and-action process for exercising leadership that explores the following foundational principles and strategies:

·How to identify and break down complex challenges.

·How to understand the role of formal and informal authority.

·How to build and renew trust relationships.

·How to approach conflict.

About the instructor

Ronald Heifetz: Founder, Center for Public Leadership.

Andy Warhol said, "In the future, everyone will be world-famous for 15 minutes." Soon, the phrase "fifteen minutes of fame" became a standard promise. Like most people, I never really expected to have even a few seconds of many people's wonderful attention. And then it happened.

We were aboard the big ship, the National Geographic Explorer, on a trip to Antarctica. The ship carried many passengers and crew members. Excitement filled the air as we witnessed huge pieces of ice and snow covered mountains.

Motor-driven boats took us across the frozen sea so we could climb snowy mountain ranges and watch unique animals. In the following days, we relaxed in the beautiful White Continent. Then one morning, we saw a sign announcing an open invitation to all passengers, "Polar Plunge (跳水) at 12:30. You're welcome to participate in the wonderful and meaningful event for fun, physical health, charity and also courage building."

My husband and I were surprised at the sign. His face brightened, showing he wanted to have a try, but I had panic. Many reasons for not doing such a silly act clicked through my mind. "No way," I said. "For starters, we're a little too old. The water is freezing. Heights terrify me. In simple language, I'm a coward."

My words didn't weaken my husband's enthusiasm. "Moreover," I continued,"it means I'd have to wear a swimsuit in public with many people staring at my fat, old body. "We'll never have another chance," he just smiled, "and it's for charity how meaningful that is!" My determination gradually weakened. My hearty "No way" gave way to a weak "Maybe". Finally, I gathered my courage and said, "Okay. Let's go for it."

After medical workers carefully checked our physical condition, we wore our swimsuits, and gathered at the diving board with the other participants. A brave teen wished to be first in line. The remaining few ranged in age from energetic young people to middle-aged adults joking and laughing. My husband and I were visibly the ancient, senior citizens of the group. Volunteers stayed on the lifeboats below to ensure all participants' safety.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150个左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

We waited for our turn to come.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Then, my husband and I rushed to float to the surface.

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1.作品描述；

2.创作缘由。

注意：

1.写作词数应为80个左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Hello, everyone!

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Ancient book restoration, a delicate and time-honored craft in China. It plays a key role in (preserve) the nation's written heritage — a legacy that carries the (wise) of scholars and artists over millennia. For centuries, restorers have worked to repair old, damaged books, many of are hundreds of years old and at risk of being lost.

The process of restoring an ancient book demands technical skill and cultural understanding. First, restorers clean the pages to remove dirt and mold. Then, they repair (tear) pages using special paper that matches original in color and texture. This work requires great patience-restorers often spend weeks or even months on a single book. is special about Chinese book restoration is its respect for the historical artifact (it). Restorers try to make as few changes as possible, ensuring that the book's original appearance and content are left undamaged.

Today, young people are joining this field. They learn from master restorers and also use modern technology, digital scanning, to carry out their work accurately. In recent years, with (interact) displays, restored book exhibitions (inspire) more people to care about protecting cultural relics. This craft not only saves old books but also passes on the spirit of preserving history, a value that has been cherished by Chinese people for generations.

As soon as Jones put the glasses on, he appeared to be immediately2. He initially smiled and laughed, but he3 moments later. He then walked around the classroom excitedly,4 the now vivid colors around him.

"I was feeling joy that I could5 see all this color... and a little bit of6 that I couldn't see color my whole life," Jonathan told ABC news.

The boy's mother posted a(n)7 of Jonathan seeing color for the first time online and started a GoFundMe campaign to buy a pair of the unique glasses for Jonathan, which reportedly cost $350. However, so many people were8 by Jonathan's story, and the campaign actually ended up9 more than $ 25,000.

She wrote "After posting the video, we've been touched by how many10 people have wanted to help him. We've had11 pairs donated to Jonathan and will use 100% of donated funds to purchase color blind glasses for those who can't   12 them." "The glasses company will13 every pair we purchase with a free pair, which doubles the number of people we can14," she continued.

For Jonathan, with the new glasses comes a new15 of the world. He said his favorite color is blue and he's excited to visit the Caribbean this winter so he can see the ocean in all its glory.

The key to staying safe in a crowd begins as soon as you arrive at the location, says Randy Atlas, a safety consultant based in Fort Lauderdale. It's a piece of common sense advice that Atlas applies not just at big events, but even when entering almost any room.

If there's a sudden panic and crowds begin to push in a certain direction, your instinct (本能) may be to fight back and push the opposite way. If you go against the flow, you increase your chances of getting tripped and knocked down. Another risk, according to experts: If you fight the crowd, you will tire yourself out quickly in a situation where energy is needed.

As you move forward with the crowd, it's best to move in a diagonal (对角线的) direction so you can potentially angle your way out of the situation. The goal is to get to the edge of the stampede where it's less likely that you'll end up stuck at a choke-point, like a doorway.

Look for a solid structure to stand behind such as a pillar or a wall. Other places to duck: behind a car or even a lamp post.

In many stampede events, people die simply because they are crushed to the point they can't breathe. But a possible way to avoid this is to place your arms in front of you, almost in a boxer-like position. That could give you some very valuable breathing room — literally.

A. Another potential way is to shelter yourself.

B. But that could be a big mistake, Atlas warns.

C. In this case, you don't necessarily have to wait and let time slip by.

D. Namely, to take note of where the nearest exits are.

E. It's a simple pose, but surprisingly effective and possibly life-saving.

F. Other events, such as a Halloween gathering, are likely to turn deadly.

G. Indeed it's a frightening situation and circumstances may make it impossible to escape.

Modern parents have access to the internet and social media for ideal parenting advice and tips. There are also numerous parenting groups for different age groups on social media that parents can join. A parent can post questions from how to manage the constant cries of an infant to how to talk to a moody teenager, and chances are, the parent will be flooded instantly with advice and relevant articles. The availability of resources has helped modern parents to be more involved and supportive of their children's development, academically, emotionally and socially. Modern parents are also keener to find out about effective parenting methods to raise disciplined and confident children.

Meanwhile, one of modern parenting styles, helicopter parenting, arises. When parents become over-involved, over-concerned and over-controlling, they start helping children with what they are capable of on their own, for example, selecting activities and friends for them. Such a parenting style can restrict the children's ability to handle responsibilities independently. Children might be ill-equipped with life skills such as operating a stove or monitoring their schoolwork. Overprotecting children from failures may also be prevented from developing resilience (韧性) and acquiring skills like problem-solving.

On the other hand, parents in the past tended to supervise (监管) less. Children were given more control over how they managed their schoolwork and the friends they chose to play with. They were often expected to shoulder the responsibilities of caring for younger siblings and managing household chores. Living in the preinternet era, parents were less informed about different parenting approaches and personalities.

There is no one right way to raise a child and there is no need to doubt about the best parenting style. Each child is unique and should be raised differently by parents who are present, but not hovering (盘旋);who are supportive but not controlling; and who protect but not spoil.

Many are familiar with the potentially deadly dangers posed by lightning, which is blamed for an average of 43 deaths in the United States each year, based on data from 1989 to 2018. Although the odds of being struck are quite low-1 in 1, 222, 000 in a given year and 1 in 15, 300 in a lifetime many in the weather community have long urged people to take proper precautions to stay safe in storms. However, the researchers recently uncovered a surprising and beneficial impact of lightning.

The study, which included contributions from nine atmospheric researchers across a dozen universities, was based on an airborne research flight conducted by a NASA DC-8 storm-chasing plane in 2012. Researchers initially thought there was a problem with the equipment on the plane, which was being used to measure the hydroxyl radicals (羟基自由基) in the atmosphere until they realized increases they observed corresponded with lightning flashes, ABC News reported.

Hydroxyl radicals, described as a "chemical scavenger (清洗剂) " by Science Direct, are important chemical compounds found in the atmosphere due to the reactive nature with other organic molecules (分子). Researchers previously understood that lightning could help to clean the atmosphere, but there was no evidence that it could generate compounds like these radicals. "No one has seen that much in the atmosphere from natural processes, ever," Brune said. As a result, the study estimates that somewhere between 2% and 16% of the oxidizing (氧化), or cleaning that happens naturally in the Earth's atmosphere, is done by lightning.

Why is this significant? The oxidation process helps to reduce chemicals like carbon monoxide and methane in the atmosphere. These chemicals, known for being greenhouse gases, have been proven to contribute to rising temperatures associated with climate change. Researchers say that more studies will need to be conducted to verify the degree to which lightning contributes to the fight against global climate change.

Toward the end of my high school year, our Spanish teacher organized a trip to see an Andean band perform in Philadelphia. My classmates and I egged one another on ironically (讽刺地): Who could enjoy the show? The performers' clothing seemed odd. The instruments, strange. But then the performers kicked in, dancing to their bombo and wankara drums around the stage and the panpipes and quena announced a kind of sound — new to us.

We had spent too little time discussing the culture of the Inca in social studies but its traditions came alive for us that evening. Once the wonderful performance lit up the stage and the hall filled up with music, my teenagecynicism disappeared. I rose out of my chair to dance with honest joy.

I have spent the last seven years living and working in South America. But my thirst for cultural exploration and a desire to understand the world outside my language and country has been alive longer than that. Sometimes I think that night dancing to those ancient rhythms unlocked this fascination. Why do I remember it so-clearly decades later?

In his recent book Awe: The New Science of Everyday Wonder and How It Can Transform Your Life, psychology professor Dacher Keltner explains that "brief moments of awe are as good for your mind and body as anything you might do." Besides being a memorable emotion, awe boosts curiosity, builds humility, helps with critical thinking, and makes people feel more connected. It even makes us happier. "Twenty years into teaching happiness," Keltner writes about how to find deep happiness, "I have an answer: FIND AWE."

Moving forward, let's do our best to build instances of awe into our curriculum (课程). So when our former students approach us on the subway years later, they will recall the magical moments from their days spent in our classes.

Museum of Latin American Art: Founded in 1996, it is the only museum in the United States devoted to modern and contemporary Latin American art. Since its beginning, it has doubled its size, added a 15,000-square-foot sculpture garden and expanded its permanent collection, ranging from works by Tamayo and Matta to Cruz-Diez, Los Carpinteros and Tunga. Free admission every Sunday.

Autry Museum of the American West: Located in Griffith Park, the Autry features world-class galleries filled with Native American art and artifacts, film memorabilia, historic firearms and more. The Autry's collection of more than 500,000 pieces of art and artifacts includes the Southwest Museum of the American Indian Collection, one of the largest and most significant collections of Native American materials in the country. Free admission on the second Tuesday of every month.

Descanso Gardens: Located in La Canada Flintridge, the 160-acre Descanso Gardens was originally developed in 1936 by Elias Manchester Boddy, whose numerous interests included horticulture and politics. Descanso Gardens offers numerous areas for exploring, including a Japanese tea garden, water-wise garden, Oak Woodland, California Garden, and the world's largest collection of camellia flowers. Free admission on the third Tuesday of every month.

Caltech Museum: Founded in 1979 by members of the Caltech community and the Pasadena Junior League, the museum develops the potential of all kids through kid-driven experiences, inspiring them to become joyful, active learners. Admission to the museum is free on First Fridays.

1.人际交往是不可或缺的能力；

2.提出与人友好交往的一些建议；

3.希望这些建议对Bill有益处。

注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dear Bill,

How are you doing recently?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

注意：（1）每个选项至多只能使用一次；（2）方框中有一个多余词汇。

My teenage son Karl became withdrawn (沉默寡言的) after his father died. As a single parent, I tried to do my best to talk to him. But the more I tried, the more he. When his report card arrived during his junior year, it said that he had been absent (缺席的) 95 times from classes and had six failing grades for the year. At this rate, he would never graduate. I sent him to the school adviser, and I even begged him. Nothing worked my effort.

One night I felt so that I got down on my knees and asked for help. "Please God, I can't do anything more for my son. I'm at the end of my rope. I'm giving the whole thing up to you."

I was at work when I got a phone call. A man introduced himself as the headmaster. "I want to talk to you about Karl's absences." Before he could say another word, I choked up (哽咽) and all my disappointment with and sadness about Karl came pouring out into the ears of this stranger. "I love my son but I just don't know what to do. I've tried everything to get Karl to go back to school but nothing has worked. It's out of my hands." I listened and, there was silence on the other end of the line. The headmaster said, "Thank you for your time," and.

Karl's next report card showed an obvious in his grades. Finally, he even made the honor roll (上荣誉榜). In his fourth year at high school, I attended a parent-teacher meeting with Karl. I noticed that his teachers the way he had turned himself around. On our way home, he said, "Mum, remember that call from the headmaster last year?" I nodded. "That was me. I thought I'd play a but when I heard what you said, it really hit me how much I was hurting you. That's when I knew I had to make you."

I remember the day I first learned to ride a bike. From my point of view, it was a very adventurous yet fun experience. My grandfather, who had green fingers, was the one that taught me to ride and gave me a hand when I got hurt. The first time I got on a bike, I had no idea what I was doing, and everything went wrong. My grandfather told me to just put my feet on the pedals (脚蹬) and start cycling. I kept his advice in mind. He also told me he would hold on to the back of the bike the whole time case I might fall off the bike. I made an assumption that he would do that, yet actually he didn't.

As soon as I started trying to balance myself, he let the bike go. I happened to look back just then. When I was quite frightened, my mind went blank, and I just wanted to be off the bike. I forgot how to use the brakes (车闸). That caused me to fall off the bike. At sight of that, my grandfather came up and kept encouraging me to get up and try again. I admitted (feel) so nervous.

As soon as I started riding again, my pants got caught in the chain, and I fell flat on my face and hit my nose. I didn't make a (complain) and asked my grandfather, "I go on learning to ride today?" My grandfather said, "No, you needn't. So far you (finish) your training. Let's call it a day, shall we? You may as well rise early tomorrow morning." The next morning I woke up bright and early, and was very eager to try to ride my bike. My nose felt better and I became rather(energy) again. I did my best to prevent myself from falling down to the ground anymore. My strong determination was to make an effort to learn to ride my bike skillfully. (eventual), I managed (ride) the bike better.

Al-Attar got two fans at a market and used them to create small wind turbines (涡轮机) to produce electricity. His1 led others in the camp where he stayed to start calling him the "Newton of Gaza". That is2 the English scientist, Isaac Newton. Newton is3 his major4 discoveries in the fields of physics, mathematics and astronomy more than 300 years ago. A famous5 about Newton describes how an apple falling on his head led him to discover the6 of gravity (重力).

Al-Attar and his family are staying in a tent that is7 attached to (附着) a house. He was able to climb onto the roof to8 the two fans, one above the other. The wind could9 the fans, which produced small amounts of electricity. He then connected the fans to wires and built a charging station. Al-Attar also designed switches (开关) to10 a lighting system made out of wood.

Al-Attar tried to design the device but11 twice, and it took him a lot of time to develop a working system. He started developing it further, bit by bit,12 he was able to extend the wires through the room to the tent, so that the tent would have light. He was happy to be able to create something to help reduce "the suffering" of his family members. Now, he is just looking forward to the future when13 can improve in Gaza.

"People in this camp often call me the ‘Newton of Gaza'," Al-Attar said14. "Because I hope to15 my dream of becoming a scientist like Newton and creating things that will help not only the people of the Gaza Strip, but the whole world."

Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities for their families' life. If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked after and loved, whatever he may do. It is impossible that he will ever again in his future life be given so much without having to do anything in return. - things older people have lost interest in because they are too common.

. He is not so free to do what he wishes to do. He is continually being told not to do things or being punished for something wrong he has done.

When a young man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes, and his room.. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child, he will go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison. if he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health.

A. But a child has his parents.

B. Each age has its pleasures and its pains.

C. A teenager should learn to take care of others.

D. He has to work if he wants to live comfortably.

E. Besides, life is always presenting new things to the child.

F. They can tell him what he should do when he has problems in life.

G. He can have the great happiness of setting up his own position in society.

Scovel was actually born in Jining, Shandong province, in 1939 as the son of a doctor from America and later returned to the US. He came back to China in 1979 to take up a teaching position at Tianjin Foreign Studies University.

The former professor, who has written a book about the great changes that have taken place in China since reform and opening-up was introduced in 1978, took to the stage at the university's 60th anniversary celebration on Sept 28 to present a check for 2.2 million yuan ($300,000) to the university for his former student Yang Bin. The donation will go toward a kind of scholarship (奖学金) and awards for teachers, and adds to an earlier 2 million yuan donated by Yang in 2014. The cash was paid to students as awards for exhibiting exceptional leadership, athletic skills and a spirit of being helpful and generous. For the teaching awards, they have been named after Scovel and his wife Janene, who also taught at the university.

Zhou Honglei, the university's leader, recognized Scovel as "one of the first foreign professors to journey from the US to China". Scovel wrote a message for the university's 60th anniversary celebration, reflecting on the late 1970s when China began its journey of reform and opening-up. From 1979 on, Scovel only returned to the university in 2014 for its 50th anniversary.

In one of his writings, he remembered encountering a short political phrase put up on the wall promoting the then popular "four modernizations" on a billboard, which read, "Catch up with and overtake Japan by the Year 2000! " "Little did I know that not long after the new millennium (千年), China would far overtake Japan in terms of exports to the US," he said.

Scovel noted the significant changes in China since 1978. "Forty years ago, it was almost unimaginable that, in today's China, numerous people would have their own houses, have a car and that phones would be more common than fountain pens," he said.

"Geothermal (地热的) " power is based on the heat that comes from deep inside the earth. "Geo" means Earth and "thermal" means "heat". Earth's core, deep in the center of the planet, is about as hot as the sun's surface, and is expected to stay that way for billions of years. This heat slowly makes its way outward from the core. In some places, where the rocks have lots of holes in them, this heat comes out in different kinds of hot springs, with hot water and steam coming out naturally through the earth's surface. In areas like this, humans have been using the earth's heat for different purposes for hundreds of years.

In general, though geothermal energy requires drilling (钻孔) deep into the earth. There are many different ways of collecting the heat and different ways of using it. But these geothermal wells can easily produce huge amounts of heat and electricity for hundreds of years — all without pollution.

There is another positive side to geothermal energy — it can produce power day and night all year long. Solar power depends on the sun, and wind power depends on wind. That means that they are not constant. But energy from geothermal sources is always available (可获得的) . However, geothermal energy also faces a big challenge — drilling down deep enough to create a geothermal plant is hard, and it costs a lot of money. Some geothermal plants require drilling down more than 4 miles (6.5 kilometers) below the earth's surface. Drilling down even deeper can lead to much more heat and far more powerful energy sources.

The costs of all this drilling are a big part of what has limited geothermal projects. But now people are starting to think about a clever idea that could make geothermal energy far cheaper: using oil wells that are already there.