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One significant recent achievement in the field of talking computers is virtual personal assistants(VPAs) on mobile phones. If you tell a mobile phone VPA that you want to schedule a lunch with a friend, it can set the appointment in your phone in seconds. The VPA can also hold a basic "conversation" and has earned fame for its elementary sense of humour. Still, the humour is preprogrammed and can be triggered only when human users speak certain key words.

While the potential for "real" communication between a human and a machine may seem exciting, this possibility concerns some people. Some experts worry about people's attachment to these machines and fear that the art of successful human-to-human conversation will be undeveloped in younger generations. They worry that people won't be able to display the right emotion or tone in conversations because they haven't been practising those skills. Others fear that machines will take over functions that were traditionally performed by humans, such as customer service. Another concern often associated with the development of new technology is the invasion of privacy (侵犯隐私). When people use certain speech-recognition applications, they leave behind an audio track of their speech. When you ask a VPA for directions, your speech is sent and saved to a remote server for processing. This digital trail may lead to data mining, or the collection of large quantities of personal data.

For now, however, the continuing evolution of speech-recognition software is worth expecting. Leading companies in the field hope to make human communication with machines as seamless as possible, just like communicating with another human.

Theory X assumes that the average person naturally dislikes work and will avoid it whenever possible. It also suggests that most people are easily influenced, not very intelligent, resist change, avoid responsibility, and prioritize personal security over organizational goals while being self-centred. Based on these, management is tasked with organizing all elements of a productive company. They must direct employees, motivate them through rewards and punishments, and tightly control their actions. This traditional approach often leads to autocratic (独断的) leadership within organizations. For instance, employees are closely supervised, and decisions are made from the top-down with little input from the workforce.

McGregor, noticing the shortcomings of Theory X, came up with Theory Y. This theory suggests that under favorable working conditions, work can be as natural as relaxation. People, when committed, can exercise self-control and self-direction. They are willing to take on responsibility and are brimming with imagination and creativity. Organizations that follow Theory Y typically feature decentralized authority, two-way communication systems, and participative leadership. In such workplaces, employees are given more autonomy, like being involved in decision-making processes that affect their work.

These two theories have been significant in crystallizing the findings of the Hawthrone Experiments. However, they have faced criticism. They tend to oversimplify human nature and managerial styles, wrongly assuming that the job itself is the sole key to motivation. Also, Theory Y can seem overly idealistic. In the real world, not every job can be made internally rewarding, and some level of external direction is often necessary. In the end, neither theory suits all situations. A combination of both, known as the contingency approach, is the most fitting for diverse organizational scenarios. This approach allows managers to adapt their motivational strategies based on the specific context, employee characteristics, and the nature of the tasks at hand.

Whether you' re travelling to the islands or the mountains of Thailand, you' re likely to spend at least one night in its capital city on the way. Bangkok might be noisy and polluted but it's also an exciting city with plenty of things to see and do. Why not make it a longer stay?

Where to stay

The Khao San Road was a famous traveller spot even before Leonardo DiCaprio's character in the film The Beach stayed there. But it's noisy, not very pretty and not very Thai. For something more authentic, Phra Kanong offers an alternative place to stay, with its fantastic street markets where everyday Bangkok people eat, work and live. It's not as convenient for the main tourist sites, but it has a Skytrain station so you can be at the Grand Palace in 20 minutes.

How to get around

Bangkok's traffic can be a nightmare. Sure, you can easily take a taxi — if you want to spend hours stuck in traffic jams — but there are two much better ways to get around the city. To explore the temples and historical sites, catch an express boat river taxi or a long-tail boat along the Chao Phraya river and the canals. For the modern part of the city, the Skytrain is a fast, cheap way to travel from the river to the shopping malls and nightlife of Sukhumvit, and the famous Chatuchak street market.

Where to eat

The simple answer is: everywhere! Thai street food is among the best in the world, and for around $5 you can eat a filling and delicious meal. Some food stands have little plastic seats where you can sit and eat and they cook the same dish over and over, like fried chicken on rice or Pad Thai noodles. Head for Chinatown — Yaowarat Street — and choose whatever looks most interesting from the many excellent Chinese and Thai restaurants and food stands.

What to do

After you've seen the main sites like the Giant Buddha at the temple of WatPho and the spectacular Grand Palace, and shopped at Chatuchak market, check out the snake farm and watch the live snake show. You can even touch a snake yourself if you want to!

1.展览内容（如传统戏曲、节庆文化、传统美食及茶艺等）

2.你的感想。

注意：

1.写作词数应为80词左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dear Chris,

I'm writing to share with you the exhibition of intangible cultural heritage of Guangdong.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

Known as a famous heritage (遗产) site, Hoi An, an old town in Vietnam attracts visitors with its unique old works of art and buildings. The Guangzhao Assembly Hall (广肇会馆) is definitely one of the most important (spot) to discover in this ancient town.

From the 15th century to the 19th century, Hoi An served a trading port in Vietnam for Chinese people to do business and settle down. Built in the late 18th century, the Guangzhao Assembly Hall was (original) established to honor Mazu goddess and Confucius. However, since 1911, it (adapt) to honor Guan Yu and other respectable characters in history. Besides, the hall provides a place for the overseas Cantonese(organise) regular meetings and support each other in business and daily stuff.

This hall has an interesting building process, as each part of this building was made in China, then transported by boat put together completely in Hoi An. Built from mostly stone and wood, based on the shape of "国", it is a closed site with (impress) gardens and a three-door gate that has symbols like dragons (draw) on it. (appreciate) the attractive images, visitors can't help admiring the talents of artists from centuries ago.

Now, this hall welcomes visitors daily, adding touch of color to the multicolored Hoi An.

But last summer, I tore a ligament (韧带) in my knee. The recovery was a real4 and out of reach. The doctor told me that coming back to long-distance running was unlikely, but that didn't stop me. I wouldn't let the injury (伤病)5 me. After months of hard work, I felt ready to race again, and that drive to win kept6 me.

I stood on the course once again, but as soon as I crossed the start line, I sensed something was wrong. My legs felt7, and the pressure in my body made it hard to breathe. I tried to8 my strength, but this time, it quickly became clear that achieving my expected time would be9.

By the eighth mile, I changed my attitude and decided to follow where my heart led me. As I looked around at the thousands of runners, I felt a wave of10, for having recovered from my injury, being back on the course, and once again sharing this amazing experience with so many of them. Instead of focusing on winning, I chose to11 the joy of the moment and turned the12 into a fun run.

Truly, running has changed me. While I still want to13 myself, I no longer feel the need to14 anything to myself or anyone else. Even though I didn't get first place, I've grown stronger, gained more15, and become kinder to myself.

How could that not be a win?

Don't know where to start? Take part in group discussions, ask and answer questions, and turn to your teachers for help if you need it. By being a thoughtful and curious student, you can help shape an in-class environment which other students are excited to join in.

And for off-class activities, start by recognising your interest. Joining a club,volunteering, or taking part in other activities of your interest is the first step towards making an impact. On top of that, take action. And don't be afraid to seek out solutions. For example, if you feel some club policies could be improved, find the right way to share your thoughts and offer useful suggestions to achieve the results you desire.

A soldier who does not want to be a general (将军) is not considered a good soldier. Taking on a leadership role in after-class activities is one of the most effective ways to create that impact. By becoming a leader in a club, you not only show your organizational skills and personal charm to college admission officers, but also build meaningful connections, inspiring your members to work toward a better future.
​​​​​​​

A. Do speak up if you notice a problem.

B. Truly, these are all important elements.

C. Otherwise, others might get a head start.

D. Find the things you love and get involved.

E. Fit into the environment in a low-key way.

F. Look no further and be present in the classroom.

G. And the same can be said about making an impact.

The program is called the Whale Translation Project (WTP), whose meaning is to know what whales are saying. Its goal is clear but very difficult to achieve. Understanding the communication of whales and other animals could inspire conservation (保护) efforts. For example, the discovery that humpback whales sing to each other in the 1960s led to successful conservation activities and laws.

The WTP started when Gruber, a biologist at Harvard University, turned to a computer scientist for help about dealing with a large amount of data on whale sounds. They thought of applying machine learning, used for improving human language translations, to whales. The sound of click, similar to a binary code (二进制), is easy for AI to analyze.

Scientists once presented the sounds of a whale using a series of lines to show the number of clicks per second. Now, with the help of AI, Gruber can quickly turn the thousands of whale sounds from hours of recordings into a new kind of pictures that look like musical notes. This method helps to find tiny differences in the sounds. Gruber can use AI to analyze the differences and the specific context, like the behavior of moving to the surface and hunting for food, and thus understand the meaning of the whale sound easily. He can also discover how whales interact, getting 99% right in predicting (预测) the next click.

This kind of work isn't limited to whales. Suresh Neethirajan, a computer science and agriculture professor, studies how farmers can use real-time observation to explain animal behaviors. He collects data, such as body temperature, paired with recorded sounds and videos,to understand whether animals are comfortable or not. With AI, he can recognise sick animals quickly, improving their well-being.

Winning or losing not only changes how fans dress, but also how they talk about their connection with the team to show whose side they are on. Andrew Billings, director at the University of Alabama, used machine learning to analyze (分析) more than 7,000 social media posts during a major sporting event. They found that fans increased the use of first-person pronouns, saying how "we" won the day when their team scored or won. By comparison, the fans talked about how "they" did not perform well when their team was behind or lost.

This behavior of fans shows how strongly they feel connected to their teams. Taking part in these shared experiences provides them with more opportunities to socialize, which can strengthen their relationships with others. As Jensen said, "When you interact (互动) with people, you feel more connected with them, and you also benefit from better mental health and are more likely to stay involved (投入)."

However, there are potential drawbacks of becoming too involved in a sports team, especially when your connection with the team becomes stronger than the people around you. "We've heard cases where people have missed their son's or daughter's wedding because it was happening during an Alabama football game," Billings said. "Sometimes when you put too many eggs in the sports basket, you are leaving your mood up to athletes or teams that you have no control over."

It's hard to believe we're nearing our senior years. While I hope we have 20 or 30 good years ahead, it's time to think about some choices we regret.

I can't hold you responsible for decisions made before we turned 18. Our brains weren't fully developed, and being the youngest child in the family made it hard to find independence. We went against our parents. We got close to friends, but then again pushed them back. Yes, there were secrets and lies, but that's part of growing up.

However, I think you should apologize for how you started our career (事业). You had always dreamed of being a reporter, but settled for editing work only because it was the easiest thing to do in your field. Over time, you felt you didn't learn much, even though the pay was good and working hours were pretty flexible. It wasn't until we changed to marketing that we found a more satisfying path and met the love of our life.

We bought a lovely home in the city centre. But starting a family brought new challenges.The responsibilities of parenting took over our job goals as we got caught up in our kids' activities. And when the kids went to college, we faced an empty home and had to rediscover who we were besides parents. It felt like a new stage of youth, where we were re-learning about life without focusing on our kids. We found part-time jobs and meaningful volunteer work, trying to stay connected while finding our own space.

Now, as we approach senior years, life feels peaceful. We've had ups and downs, from losing our mom to watching our kids grow. So, younger me, let's pardon ourselves for past mistakes. We can't move forward until we make peace with our past. Hopefully, our best days are still ahead.

The Senior Me

Why you'll love working as a teaching assistant:

Attractive benefits: free teaching materials.

Professional development: free training, seminars(研讨课) and career development opportunities.

Team environment: a fun, effective, and supportive research team.

Requirements:

Band II National Translation Certificate.

A postgraduate student.

Fluent English and Putonghua (Mandarin).

Good communicative skills.

Skilled in ChatGPT, an AI-powered computer program.

Two published papers or related translating experience.

Responsibilities:

Lead group discussions.

Manage classroom behaviour.

Organise seminars for undergraduates, including tasks like booking meeting rooms and sending invitations.

Prepare and print teaching materials for professors.

Grade undergraduates' papers by using ChatGPT.

Salary:

$15/ hour, 8-10 hours per day on Saturdays or/ and Sundays.

— No, it                        be her. She's always working out in the gym at this time.