相关试卷

A critical challenge lies in the "asymmetrical (非对称的) cost structure." Online retailers avoid not only rent and in-store labor but also the costs of maintaining large inventories — goods in stock, as they often operate on a "just-in-time" model. This allows them to undercut physical stores by 18—45% on price, yet the gap isn't uniform: luxury goods, which rely on in-person experience, face less pressure than daily necessities. Small retailers, with limited capital to absorb price cuts, suffer most — studies show their closure rate is 3.2 times higher than that of large chains when competing with online giants.

Another subtle challenge is the erosion of "community anchor" roles. Physical stores, especially local ones, historically fostered social interactions and neighborhood identity. A 2025 survey in 20 large cities found that a 50% drop in local shop presence correlated with a 22% decrease in residents' sense of community belonging, creating indirect social costs rarely accounted for in pure economic analyses.

Counterstrategies, too, require nuance (细致入微). Successful transformation isn't just about "going online"; it's about integrating physical uniqueness with digital efficiency. For instance, some bookstores use in-store events to build customer loyalty, and then use membership data to recommend personalized online selections. Others take most advantage of their physical space as "experience hubs" — a café inside a clothing store, or a workshop area in a hardware shop — turning transactions into memorable interactions.

Notably, these strategies demand resources: staff training, data analytics tools, and flexible supply chains. This creates a "capability gap" — smaller stores often struggle to implement them without external support, such as government-funded digital literacy programs or cooperative purchasing networks. Thus, the future of the real economy depends not only on individual innovation but also on systemic support to bridge this gap.

The risks extend beyond simple waste accumulation. Batteries contain toxic heavy metals and electrolytes (电解质) that, if improperly disposed of, can dissolve into soil and water sources, contaminating farmland and drinking supplies for generations. Even in recycling, only 15% of global facilities use eco-friendly methods; most rely on crude processes that release harmful pollutants into the air, creating "secondary pollution" worse than the original waste.

A key obstacle is the mismatch between battery complexity and recycling technology. Modern NEV batteries use varied chemistries and designs, making standardized recycling nearly impossible. Advanced methods like hydrometallurgy, which minimize pollution, require expensive equipment and skilled labor, putting them out of reach for developing regions. Meanwhile, global regulations too distant to land true, allow unqualified operators to handle battery waste, even worsening the problem.

Addressing this requires global coordination: unified (统一的) design standards for batteries, stricter enforcement of recycling laws, and cross-border investment in green technologies. Without such steps, the NEV revolution's environmental gains could be overshadowed by a toxic legacy.

The competition exposed Zhang to global craftsmanship styles. He noticed Chinese participants emphasized artistic design, while Japanese and Korean competitors focused on precision. Initially intimidated, Zhang gained confidence through this international exchange. His success stems from vocational education at Beijing Arts & Crafts Technician College, where he spent five years refining his skills. He believes vocational training helps students discover unique talents beyond traditional academic paths.

Now a teacher, Zhang adopts personalized teaching methods. He identifies students' strengths in design or craftsmanship and tailors instruction accordingly. His "learning by doing" approach prepares students for diverse careers in jewelry design, appraisal, or even social media influencing. He stresses combining technical skills with creative thinking to produce valuable works.

Zhang represents a new wave of craftsmen blending tradition with innovation. As an apprentice in filigree inlay — a national intangible cultural heritage — he merges ancient techniques like metal threading with modern jewelry structures. While traditional designs often use gemstones for luxury, Zhang creates fresh interpretations by incorporating delicate filigree patterns into nature-inspired pieces.

Currently reflecting on his five-year journey, Zhang believes his true masterpiece is yet to come. "Innovation requires systematic reflection," he says, demonstrating how modern craftsmen honor tradition while pushing creative boundaries.

It indicates sea ice loss has the potential to trigger a cascade of adverse environmental impacts, including the fueling of wildfires and other extreme weather events that destroy homes; rising sea levels that threaten the survival of coastal communities; and drying agricultural lands that undermine our ability to produce food. The melting also accelerates global warming even further as the newly exposed ocean beneath reflects less sunlight than bright ice does.

Copernicus scientists announced that January 2025 was the warmest January on record, even though Earth had entered La Niña, the cold phase of the El Niño climate pattern. And February 2025 was the third warmest February on record. So it wasn't a record-breaker in that respect, but it did continue a worrying warming trend. February 2025 was, on average, 2.86 degrees Fahrenheit (1.59 Celsius) warmer than preindustrial levels — the estimated average temperature.

Temperatures fluctuate (波动) from year to year, so climate change doesn't mean that every new month is guaranteed to break records. And not all parts of the planet get warmer at the same rate. This February, severe winter storms affected the U.S. with record-breaking cold, and Copernicus' data revealed that a good chunk of North America was cooler than average for February. However, temperatures were mostly above average around the rest of the world. Last year was the first complete year to breach 2.7 ℉ and ended up as the hottest year on record since preindustrial levels.

Today, I'll give you brief introduction to some aspects of film-making you might not be familiar with. Actually, the film you see on the screen is the product of a huge amount of hard work, most of takes place behind the scenes.

Firstly, sound effects are often added after a scene has been shot and might not be made in the way you would expect. For example, in Jurassic Park, the sounds of different animals (mix) by a computer to make a dinosaur roar.

Another aspect I attach great importance is visual special effects. CGI has been (frequent) used in film-making as a special effects technology. Generally, scenes (require) CGI are filmed in front of a green screen in the studio. As green doesn't match any (nature) hair or skin colour, actors can be easily separated from the background. This enables CGI effects to be added later.

Props also contribute to a film's success. (make) a film look real, great effort must sometimes be made to research, find and build objects. Let's take Titanic as an example. Director James Cameron spent six months (revise) plans of the Titanic. He talked to (historian) to ensure that the details were correct. Finally, it took 500 workers 100 days to build the fine model, not to mention the thousands of props inside.

I live in the suburb north of San Francisco, and1is considered the main transportation for most people here. I still remember how2I was when I first learned to drive. While driving with music gently3my heart, I was filled with joy. However, as time went by, that excitement4. I feared driving, and felt worried and upset. Everyone seems to be in my way especially when I am in a5. One night, a deer ran out from the dark, knocked against my moving car, and6across the street. I didn't dare to get out of my car to see her. Crying on the7, I hated my car.

When I joined the 21-day mindful walking8, I began to walk with a mind. During the walking days, I smiled at every stranger9by me. I walked to the streets that I10would not pass through and11a tiny free library on the sidewalk. I began to12if I had really lived in this town all these years. It's a completely13 town that I know so little about!

I felt deeply14for the walking challenge. Maybe I will set foot on far lands again, yet I know15is right here and right now.

The study of Sibert and Rubin takes advantage of a system by using tiny, hard bits of shark skin and bony fish teeth that naturally fall from their bodies to the seafloor. These extremely small fossils provide a rich record of ancient oceanic sharks and their abundance for thousands of years. By studying fossils from many regions, the diversity patterns can give major insights into evolution (进化) of the open sea that would be otherwise unknown.

Sibert and Rubin quantified(量化)a past extinction of sharks, reporting a 90% decline in number and >70% drop in diversity. They found that nearer-shore sharks appear to survive, but migratory ones go extinct. The finding of this study is that sharks had undergone a widespread extinction that reorganized their communities from 16 million to 20 million years ago.

Sibert and Rubin narrowed the disappearance of sharks to a window of time under 100,000 years around 19 million years ago, but the causes of this event remain unclear. Because this time period does not stand out as a period of major climatic change, the authors do not attribute(归因于) environmental factors as an extinction driver. As for other causes, the loss of shark diversity is directly linked to overfishing.

The loss of sharks from the oceans has profound, complex, and unavoidable ecological consequences because their presence reflects the stability of marine ecosystems. Yet, one-quarter of the global diversity of sharks is currently threatened with extinction. Despite recent improvements in conservation actions, shark communities never recovered from a mysterious extinction event 19 million years ago; the ecological fate of what remains is now in our hands.

People's first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other members of the family is used. Some parents choose the name of a well-known person. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones. Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means "bright"; Beatrice means "one who gives happiness"; Donald means "world ruler"; Leonard means "as brave as a lion".

The earliest last names, or surnames (姓), were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near a small river; someone called-Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.

Other early surnames came from people's occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter — a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter — a person who made pots and pans. The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter's great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture.

Sometimes people were known for their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.

Some family names were made by adding something to the father's name. English-speaking people added "-s" or "-son". The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family's ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added "Mac" or "Mc" or "O". Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O'Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell.

At the time, they were in Connecticut on vacation, so they didn't know what kind of damage they were going to face when they got home to Texas. But then Feldman's grandparents called with bad news: all of her books had been destroyed in the flooding. Feldman was 14 at the time and loved reading.

To cheer her up, Feldman's father took her to the Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library at Yale University. When they arrived, she started a conversation with Bill Carver, a man who worked at the library.

"I asked him a bunch of questions like, ‘How do you keep all these rare books? What's the oldest book you have?'" Feldman remembered. Carver answered all of Feldman's questions. When she told him about her books being destroyed, he told her that he would send her a book in the mail, so she could restart her collection.

After returning to Houston, she received his gift, titled The Medieval Book by Barbara Shailor. Carver included a note that read:

Dear Sarah,

I have often thought of you and your family, and that terrible flood… As promised, with the letter is a rather scholarly book, which may be slightly mature(成熟) for your age, but I thought it might help you shape your new library collection. And as the years progress, this book may grow in value to you. Have a happy holiday season. Wish you and your loved ones all the best.

Yours,

Bill Carver

A lot has changed since Feldman received that book. Feldman is in her 30s now. She's married and has a dog. But Carver's gift has made a lifelong impact. "I'm interested in medieval art," Feldman said. Feldman has tried to find Carver, but with no success. If she could speak to him today, she would like to tell him how much that small gesture meant to her.

Science on Sundays is a programme of free monthly science talks which always brings the latest discoveries in plant science, as well as research linked to the plant collection at the Botanic Garden, to the visitors in a 30-minute short period of time. The programme in April is about tulips(郁金香).

Introduction

Time: 2:30 pm on Sundays

Title: In Search of Wild Tulips

Objects: adults and children aged 12+

Speaker: Brett Wilson at University of Cambridge

Background Information

The planted tulips are a common sight in spring gardens around the world, but have you ever considered where wild tulips grow? The wild ancestors of our much-loved gardening varieties can mostly be found in the mountains and valleys of Central Asia, far from the Netherlands, where most tulips are grown and bred. At the Botanic Garden, we have a National Tulip Collection where we grow many wild species including plenty of species from Central Asia. Over the last four years, Brett Wilson has been using something learned from books and combining with fieldwork to understand the diversity of tulips, with a view of identifying which species are most at risk of extinction.

Come and listen to Brett speak about the research and the adventures that have occurred in our search to find and protect wild tulips in this remote corner of the world. These will be live face-to-face talks taking place in the Botanic Garden Classroom for those visitors with interest.

1．描述统计图（bar chart）；

2．给出建议。

How Often Breakfast Is Skipped

注意：(1)写作词数应为80个左右；

(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Recently, our English newspaper had a survey about how often breakfast is skipped.

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Introduction to Teachers' Day

The idea of celebrating Teachers' Day took root in many countries during the 19th century; in most cases, they celebrate a local (educate) or an important milestone in education. This is the primary reason countries celebrate this day on different dates.

Many countries celebrate their Teachers' Day on 5 October in conjunction with World Teachers' Day, which (establish) by UNESCO in 1994. China: 10 September (Taiwan: 28 September)

In mainland, 10 September is an (office) holiday in China. The modern holiday was awarded a national status on January 21, 1985. The urgent need in this holiday in China was caused by the fact the "cultural revolution" in China cut the number of intellectuals — teachers, in particular. The main purpose was (increase) the prestige (声望，威信) of this profession.

There are some activities for students to show their (appreciate) to teachers, such as presenting gifts, (include) cards and flowers.

In Taiwan, Teachers' Day is recognized on September 28^th, which is also the birth date of great Chinese philosopher and teacher, Confucius. Confucius is considered the embodiment of the Chinese moral, family, and education philosophy.

On his birthday, people in Taiwan pay respect the great educator to remind us to always maintain the traditional virtue of respecting our teachers.

When I was 6, I was given small pink knitting (针织) needles. "I am knitting. Do you want me to teach you?" My grandmother3 my hands in hers and showed me how to knit. While she was cooking, I would sit on her seat, knitting just like her. When I was first learning, I would frequently ask for4, and constantly be scared of ruining our5. After my grandmother left America, I missed the6 of sticks clicking against each other and the smell of her Peruvian cornbread. No matter the7, I know my grandmother and I will always be connected through the needles she8.

Hypodermic (注射) needles are currently my most9 needles. While many people hated hypodermic needles, to me they represent curing and my10 in the medical field. This simple yet11 needle is employed every day to protect lives. Suture (缝合) needles are the needles that I aim to use in the future. Only specially trained12 can properly handle them. They13 put people back together using incredible14.

Needless to say, needles have always been a part of my life. They have been a physical15 of how I've developed as a person.

Don't blame yourself. You are a product of a society that expects very particular things of masculinity. So stop blaming yourself. . If you accept your own desire for close relationship in your life, you will find the friendship.

Get involved at tough moments. Boys sometimes are worried whether they might appear too curious about their friends' private matters. . But if you get involved at such moments, you will open the door to all kinds of growth in your relationship. So take the opportunity to show them that they matter by following up.

. Researchers say that the No.1 thing that helps children (especially boys) grow up to have enriching friendships is to be close with adult relatives who are not afraid to express their emotions. So, if you have expressive grownup relatives, try to be close to them. They can serve as role models for you to show your true feelings in a better way.

A. Look at masculinity critically

B. So here is what they should do

C. Get close to expressive adults in your life

D. You need to face something really disturbing

E. Instead, focus on undoing hurtful and restricting belief systems

F. It is especially true when their friends are sharing something tough

G. The good news is that boys are born caring and loving, just as girls do

Some might consider critical thinking an ability that teachers can encourage. Or they might be referring to specific skills — for instance, that students should learn a set of steps to take to assess information online. Cognitive (认知的) scientists see critical thinking as a specific kind of reasoning that involves problem-solving and making sound judgments. It can be learned, but it relies on specific content knowledge.

Since context is key to critical thinking, learning to analyze information about current events likely requires knowledge about politics and history, as well as practice at tracing sources. Fortunately, that is what social studies classes are for.

Social studies researchers often describe this kind of critical thinking as "historical thinking": a way to evaluate evidence about the past and assess its reliability. In social studies classroom students can make relatively quick progress on some of the surface features of historical thinking, such as learning to check a text's date and author.

Social studies classrooms can also build what researchers call "civic online reasoning." Fact-checking is complex. It is not enough to tell young people that they should be careful online, or to trust sites that end in ".org" instead of ".com." Rather than learning general principles about online media, civic online reasoning teaches students specific skills for evaluating information about politics and social issues.

Therefore, the solution lies not in teaching critical thinking as a separate skill, but in preserving and strengthening traditional social studies education that combines background knowledge with analytical capabilities. Only then can we effectively prepare students to distinguish truth from fiction in our digital world.

"Plants are in fashion right now," says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. "People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, " she says. "Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think." Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body.

"Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants," says Knuth. "This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces."

If you're among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don't beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn't make it. "Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one," Detrinidad says.

The 25-year-old teacher, who turned down opportunities in bigger cities, now spends her days in a once-worn-out classroom at Drumright High School, earning barely $30,000 a year. "When they offered me the job in April before graduation, I just said ‘yes'," recalls Hagan, whose passion outweighs the district's limited resources.

What began as a simple room with uneven floorboards and mismatched walls has become a lively math space under Hagan's care. Every surface bursts with colorful creations: posters and paper fill every corner and a handmade sign declares her the "Teacher of Awesome (Math)." This transformation mirrors her revolutionary approach to education — one that relies not only on textbooks but also on student-crafted learning journals filled with origami folds (折纸), hand-drawn diagrams, and lessons printed on rainbow-colored paper.

Hagan's classroom is full of unconventional energy: algebra becomes speed-dating as students pair up to name polynomials (多项式) and spaghetti strands (意大利面) demonstrate geometric principles. "She makes us forget we're learning," says Jake Williams. Even math haters like Taylor Russell find themselves engaged: "This year, I actually love it."

The young educator's "A, B, or Not Yet" grading system rules out failure as an option. Students reattempt assignments until they master the material, with Hagan routinely staying hours after school to provide support. During lunch breaks, students gather in her office for help with all subjects, not just math.

Fellow teacher Melinda Parker voices what many think: "We're so lucky to have her in Drumright." Though the workload sometimes wears her out, her commitment never declines. In rare free moments, she shares her innovative methods through her blog, appropriately titled Math equals Love — a philosophy that continues to transform lives in this unlikely corner of rural Oklahoma.

Heating, cooling, and powering homes contribute significantly to global CO₂ emissions. As nations strive to reduce their carbon footprints, residential energy use — responsible for nearly 20% of energy-related emissions — poses unique challenges. Below is the 2022 breakdown of household emissions by source.

ELECTRICITY   52%

HEATING   28%

COOLING   12%

APPLIANCES   6%

LIGHTING   2%

Clean energy solutions for homes must be affordable, efficient, and adaptable to diverse climates. While technologies vary, here are key innovations driving the shift toward sustainability.

HEAT PUMPS — Efficient Heating/Cooling

Replacing gas boilers, electric heat pumps transfer warmth from air or ground, cutting heating emissions by 50%. Hybrid models, hopefully, might be able to work in sub-zero temperatures in the near future.

SMART GRIDS (电网) — Dynamic Electricity Management

AI-powered grids optimize energy use, storing surplus solar power during peak hours and reducing reliance on fossil-fuel backups.

SOLAR PANELS — Rooftop Revolution

Solar energy is the most accessible renewable source for households. Advances in photovoltaic cells have cut costs by 80% since 2010, making them viable in numerous regions.

WIND TURBINES — Community Microgrids

Small-scale turbines (涡轮机) in windy areas can power neighborhoods, though land use debates persist. "The scale of this transition is staggering," says Dr. Elena Torres, a climate scientist at MIT. Residential renewables like solar and heat pumps could meet 90% of global household demand by 2050 — but only if investments triple within this decade. Recent studies show that every $1 invested in green homes today saves $5 in future climate adaptation costs. This isn't just an environmental imperative; it's economically inevitable.

It's my graduation day! The ceremony was to be held in a large auditorium downtown on a damp December afternoon. As I prepared for this important day, choosing a simple black dress and even putting on makeup — both unusual for me — my mind was occupied with anxiety rather than excitement.

Due to my neurological condition (神经系统疾病) that affected my mobility and coordination (协调性), the upcoming ceremony filled me with fear. I had learned that I would need to negotiate a flight of stairs during the proceedings. The mere thought of walking across the stage was terrifying enough, but the additional challenge of stairs seemed impossible. To make matters worse, I would have to shake hands with my professors and receive my diploma with my right hand, which has limited control due to my condition These seemingly small details felt like impossible obstacles

Consumed by fear, I called Sally in tears, telling her I couldn't go through with it. She had been my notetaker throughout university because of my condition, but she was far more than that. We had been through many rough spots during the past two years. We took all our classes together, studied together, and edited each other's work.

Sally listened patiently as I poured out my anxieties. Then, she responded with determined support. "You are walking, damn it!" she declared firmly. She promised to handle everything and made me promise to show up at the auditorium. Though still fearful, I splashed cold water on my tear-stained face, touched up my makeup, and whispered to myself, "I'm doing this."

When I arrived at the auditorium, the reality of those frightening stairs hit me again. Just as panic began to seize me. Sally found me immediately. She hugged me tightly and assured me, "I have it all worked out. It's going to be fine." To my surprise, I noticed many of my classmates gathered nearby, their faces filled with warm smiles and encouraging nods. At this, I felt a surge of strength flowing through me, though I still couldn't imagine how I would manage the challenges ahead.

注意：

1. 续写词数应为150左右；

2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。

Paragraph 1: As my name was called, I took a deep breath and began moving toward the stage.

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Paragraph 2: Walking down the stairs on the other side, I felt an overwhelming surge of pride.

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(1) 书本简介；

(2) 赠书理由；

(3) 寄语希望。

注意：

(1) 写作词数应为80左右；

(2) 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。

Dear friend,

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Yours,

Li Hua