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But a few times a year, like my birthday or the Spring Festival, we'd have a3 treat - homemade fudge (乳汁软糖). Mom would go to the store to4 all the ingredients (原料). And then she shut herself in the kitchen and I, in my room, waited5. Finally, I'd hear her6, "Diana, it's time!"

I'd fly out to7. She'd mix everything together and hand me the wooden spoon to stir. That was my8. I was the professional stirrer. It was tiring but somebody had to do it.

This was not the9 soft fudge. It was not creamy soft. It was hard. Soft enough to bite into but hard enough that it10 anyone who tried it for the first time. "This is fudge?" they would ask.

My mom11 right before my thirty-first birthday. I cried my eyes out. That first Spring Festival, my aunt12, "Will you make me some fudge for the new year?" My throat tightened with tears but I managed a (n)13"yes".

When I hung up that day, I decided, months after my mom left us, to14 the family tradition of making fudge. It's not just about fudge. It's about a mother's love and15.

Debating is a subjective judgment, so debaters may apply different methods at different times. . They can help you get your points across clearly and effectively, leaving little room for your opponents to question and inspiring responses and participation of the audience.

Strategic Arguments

Organize your thoughts before you speak. Before you start, think through the chronological order (时间顺序) in which you want to present your statements. Then, start with a powerful statement and support your comments with research and viewpoints from professionals in the field. . So the listeners and opponents will examine what might happen if they choose not to support your arguments.

Focus on ways you might improve your body language. Signs of confidence might include a firm standing posture with few movements. Make eye contact with your opponent when possible, but don't stare him down. Stand straight, so your opponent doesn't think you're bored or lazy. Signs of nonconfidence might include running your hands through your hair, touching your face and staring at your notes without looking up or tapping your pencil on the podium.

Respectful Tones

. Always avoid whispering, complaining and yelling since they inform others you're overwhelmed by emotion and can't present logical arguments. Increase your volume slightly to stress extremely important details. When responding to your opponent's arguments, use a firm, respectful tone.

Opposing Viewpoints

Address your opponent's viewpoints head-on and don't beat around the bush. Prove to the judges and the audience that you are willing to analyze viewpoints from all angles. You might politely mention flaws in your opponent's line of reasoning or address factual errors. You can also agree with part of your opponent's argument. .

On the whole, how to persuade the audience, invoking intelligent responses and enthusiastic participation are debating skills worth mastering.

A. Appropriate Gestures.

B. Confident Body Language.

C. Conclude your argument with convincing details.

D. An effective debate is organized, strategic and persuasive.

E. However, some skills generally apply to all forms of debate.

F. Meanwhile, show ways that the argument doesn't hold up as a whole.

G. Create and maintain a tone that is respectful and easy to listeners' ears.

That plants can be affected indirectly by noise pollution has never been in doubt. What has remained unknown is whether or not plants themselves suffer directly from noise pollution.

Sounds are pressure waves transmitted (传播) through gases, liquids and solids. Scientists have previously assumed plants may be able to sense these waves as they are struck by them. A number of experiments have confirmed this in recent years — plants exposed to ultrasound in the lab have shown a range of negative responses including the expression of stress-related genes, slow growth and reduced seed development.

Yet exposing plants to ultrasound is not the same as growing them in the presence of actual traffic noise. To this end, Dr. Ravandi decided to set up an experiment to explore it.

Working with a team, Dr. Ravandi grew two species in his lab that are commonly found in urban environments — marigolds and sage. The plants, grown from seed and allowed to mature for two months in the same space, were divided into two groups. One group was exposed to 73 decibels (分贝) of traffic noise recorded from a busy motorway in Tehran for 16 hours a day. The other group was left to grow in silence. After 15 days had passed, samples were taken from the youngest fully expanded leaves on every plant in the experiment and studied.

None of the plants exposed to the traffic noise did well. Analysis of their leaves revealed all of them were suffering. Chemical compounds (化合物), such as hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde (MDA) , are indicators of stress in plants and both were found at much higher levels in the plants exposed to the traffic noise. Most notably, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the sage plants exposed to noise were double what they were in those grown in silence and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) levels were three times higher in marigolds grown with the noise than those grown in silence.

Dr. Ravandi's findings make it clear that, though plants lack ears, the vibrations (震动) generated by the noise of traffic still bother them enough to give rise to dramatic stress responses that are not much different to those that would be found in plants exposed to drought, highly concentrated salt or heavy metals in their soil.

The question now arises whether all species are affected similarly by noise pollution. Nature is not silent. It remains a mystery if certain plant species have developed mechanisms to address noise pollution, which could potentially be transferred to urban plants in the future.

In fact, 87 percent of heat gain in a given space comes through its windows. This is because UV radiation (紫外辐射) passes through glass easily. To keep out the heat, people use window coverings like blinds, but that also blocks the view.

A recent study from the University of Notre Dame indicates that soon people who love a view-but hate the heat-will be able to have it both ways. Though not yet scaled up (扩大生产) to market, the study presents a new window coating that could let in sunlight and keep out the heat.

Window films and heat-blocking coatings are not a new concept. In fact, the authors of the study themselves pioneered an innovative glass coating in 2020. So what is so exciting about their new 2024 coating? It's all about the angles.

Tengfei Luo, lead author of the study told Notre Dame News, "The angle between the sunshine and your window is always changing. Our coating maintains functionality and efficiency whatever the sun's position in the sky." In order to figure out the way to create a better window coating, the researchers used a quantum (量子) computing assisted AI machine-learning model, which helped to find out the correct combination of elements they would need to create an effective coating.

Using the information, the researchers designed a coating that could selectively transmit and reflect light over a wide range of angles. That is to say, it can keep a room cool at any given hour of the day, regardless of the angle that the sunlight is hitting the window.

There are endless numbers of practical applications for this new window coating, from commercial use to residential use, and even for use in the automotive industry.

For Liang, the simple invitation filled her heart with warmth. As they danced together, Liang's joy was palpable, and the loneliness that had often gripped her seemed to melt away in that shared moment of happiness.

This was just one of many touching moments created by the "A Theater for One" volunteer service project, which brings companionship and joy to elderly people through personalized performances.

Since its inception in 2021, the project in Huangjueping, Jiulongpo district, southwest China's Chongqing Municipality, has brought warmth and companionship to countless elderly people through 500 performances, including dances and small shows. Each performance is tailored to the specific tastes of the elderly, creating not just a show, but a heartfelt connection.

The project was initiated by He Mingfeng, a retired community leader who wanted to continue supporting isolated seniors after her retirement in 2020. Starting with a few volunteers, the project has expanded to include children from local schools, adding an extra spark to the shows.

The elderly in the community, many of whom live alone, have been the main beneficiaries of these performances. For 91-year-old Zou Hongzhen, who had lived in the area for over 50 years, the performances were a joyful reminder that she hadn't been forgotten. After losing her spouse and living alone for years, Zou expressed how much she appreciated the warmth brought to her by the volunteers. "I've never been this happy before!"   she said.

The "A Theater for One"   project is more than just entertainment - it's about filling the emotional void many elderly face and showing them that society hasn't forgotten them. He believes that the joy and love shared through these performances embody the idea that "today, we serve the elderly, and tomorrow, others will serve us."

1. 不熟悉新的语言环境；

2. 感到孤单和焦虑。

请给她回复邮件，内容包括：1. 表示理解给予安慰； 2. 提出至少两条建议并给出理由。

注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

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"I've always been really loving travelling and sharing those pictures others, " said Namita. But as a yoga (瑜伽) teacher, it was (extreme)difficult for her to travel on her own money. She decided (join)in a travel race called "realize your dream".

"They asked us to show our love for travel I sent them a picture of me jumping off a waterfall in Mauritius. " she said. The (amaze) picture won her a spot and after a round of interviews, she became one of the winners entered the finals. Her prize was a 12-day dream vacation to Bolivia. "I (attract) by Bolivia's beauty at that time," she said, "All too often, I do believe seeing springs, salt flats and lakes of different colors is unforgettable experience."

This chance encouraged her to start her blog to record some of her exciting (trip). Now she is living her dream life. travelling throughout the world and teaching yoga. "Winning the travel race made me feel (confidence) about following what I love most, " she said.

However, the fact was that she'd almost always top the class examinations and everyone was confused. Some students said she was3 because she wasn't so4 in class. Although nobody could prove that she was actually cheating, they totally5 that she did.

I'm pretty socially awkward so I never really talked to her. She was leaving school this year and I was truly6 about how she was so good during exams and how she didn't let other's remarks(言论) affect her. So I7 decided to find out what was up. She told me that her friend was severely(严重地)socially anxious and she'd fallen behind in studies because she couldn't dare to ask doubts in class or ask for8 from others. So they had this system where during lectures her friend would9 any questions she had, and then the girl would10 them for her. With her help, her friend made11, though this girl suffered prejudice(偏见) for being stupid when she was actually really smart.

It was such a12 story that it really changed the way I13 people. I wouldn't be quick to jump to conclusions. It also taught me a14: standing beside our friends when they15 us isn't always an easy choice. But when you care about them, it's the only choice.

As for the damage, there are many different causes. For example, the paintings in the Sistine Chapel are being damaged by people breathing onto them when they visit. That may raise the humidity (湿气) of the air and damage the paintings. Damage in other places such as the Great Wall is because of tourists climbing on delicate (脆弱的) areas. Besides, roads have also been built to help visitors climb the Wall easily. These activities can cause a lot of damage to the area.

Firstly, we have to cut down tourist numbers, because fewer visitors will result in less damage. Secondly, we should make strict rules about which areas people can visit and what they can do when they get there. People will not be allowed to walk off the paths. Visitors to indoor places can be asked to wear masks to protect the paintings.

In short, it is necessary to control tourism at famous places. And people who live hundreds of years later will have no chance to see these great places.

A. For example, special paths can be built.

B. What can we do to deal with these problems?

C. The Great Wall was built over 2,000 years ago.

D. However, these visitors have caused many problems.

E. Traveling is the best way for us to get to know the world.

F. If we do not do this, these places will disappear from our planet.

G. Their breath contains very small drops of water that are present in the air.

While it may seem that all mosquitoes are biters, this is not actually the case. Male mosquitoes eat plant nectar. On the other hand, female mosquitoes feed on animal blood. When a female mosquito bites a human being, it transmits (传播) saliva into the blood. This saliva may or may not contain a deadly disease. The result of the bite can be minor or as serious as death.

Because a mosquito can bite many people in its life, it can carry deadly diseases from one person to another very easily. More than 700 million people become sick from these diseases every year. At least 2 million of these people will die from these diseases.

In some households, mosquito net s are placed over beds to protect people against being bitten. Mosquitoes have many natural enemies like bats, birds, dragonflies, and certain kinds of fish. Bringing more of these animals into places where mosquitoes live might help to cut down the number of mosquitoes in that area. This is a natural solution, but it does not always work very well. Mosquitoes can also be killed with poisons or sprays. But these sprays may also harm other plants or animals.

Although mosquitoes may not seem as scary as larger, more powerful animals, they are far more dangerous to human beings. But things are changing. It is highly likely that one day scientists will find a way to keep everyone safe from mosquitoes and the diseases they carry.

The 23-year-old is the third person to have completed the speed climbing route — a l5-meter-tall wall with foot and hand holds — within 5 seconds. The other two are Indonesian athletes Kiromal Katibin and Veddrig Leonardo. People have given Cao many nicknames, such as "fastest man in China" and "Chinese Spider-Man".

According to Cao, the result of speed climbing can differ every time due to its highly demanding and stressful nature. In this race, two climbers compete at the same time, and since it's a sport that finishes within seconds, achieving success requires perfection. Athletes must have the right balance of focus, confidence and courage to take risks.

"Keeping a level head is the key," Cao said. "Everyone wants to win. But the more you want it, the more likely you'll mess up. Being too calm and trying to avoid any mistakes won't do you any good either because that mindset takes away your advantages and your willingness to fight." Cao went on to note, "You just have to find the right balance." But this pressure, in fact, is part of the reason why Cao loves the sport.

Cao took his first step into the world of climbing at the age of 8. Like many kids starting out, he mainly focused on bouldering (抱石岩) and lead climbing (先锋攀岩), doing well in both. Unfortunately, at the age of 18, Cao bad surgery after injuring his left arm in a competition. It was after that surgery that Cao decided to give speed climbing a try because it requires different techniques from bouldering and lead climbing and puts less pressure on his previously injured body parts.

It turned out that Cao was great at speed climbing as well, even though he thinks he is hardly the strongest athlete. In his eyes, setting a national record of 4.98 seconds has already become a thing of the past. "I will continue to work hard and climb my way to the top." said Cao.

"I often check my e-mail forty times a day."

"I often spend more than three hours during one time on the net."

"I spend more time in chat rooms (聊天室) than with my ‘real-life' friends."

Do you know any people like these? They are part of a new addiction (瘾) called Internet addiction. Internet addicts spend at least thirty to forty hours online every week. The use of the Internet can be an addiction like drug (毒品) use. People lose control (控制) of the time they spend on the Internet.

For example, one college student was missing for several days. His friends were worried. And they called the police. The police found the student in the computer lab: he was surfing the net for several days straight.

Studies show that about 6% to 10% of Internet users become addicted. And people worry about the teens because the Internet is changing the playing field for some of them. They spend more time in cyber-space than in the real world of friends and family.

Is "surfing the net" a hobby or an addiction for you? You may have a problem if you have these symptoms (症状):

● You do not go to important family activities or you do not do school work because you like to spend hours on the Internet.

● You can't wait for your next online time.

● You plan to spend a short time online, but then you spend several hours.

● You go out with your friends less and less.

●Degree

We offer a wide choice of bachelor's degrees for international students, which include: Arts, Communication Studies, Social Sciences, etc. Bachelor of Music and Bachelor of Education are only for New Zealand citizens. For further information: deg@waikato.ac.nz

●Tuition Fees

Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: tui@waikato.ac.nz

●Accommodation

You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: ave@waikato.ac.nz

●Health

The Student Health Service provides excellent medical services for students. The Medical centre is open five days a week, including student holidays with four doctors and nurses to meet your medical needs. For further information: heal@waikato.ac.nz

●Sports

The Centre is a great place to have sports activities. Trained exercise teachers can help you work out a training plan and keep you active. The sports hall has volleyball, basketball and indoor football courts and a swimming pool as well. There are also a large number of sports clubs at Waikato. For further information: sport@waikcato.ac.nz

Why the human body should decline faster in space is still largely a mystery, but one that researchers are dealing with increasing urgency as civilian space travel becomes more feasible. In a recent study that involved sending muscle samples to the International Space Station, some 250 miles above Earth, researchers from Stanford Medicine found that the lack of gravity in space impairs the normal regenerative ability of muscle.

The samples were grown from muscle cells donated by healthy volunteers to resemble the bundled structure of muscle fibres. They spent seven days growing in space, then frozen until their return to Earth.

The researchers found notable similarities between muscle that had spent a week in microgravity (gravity aboard the International Space Station is about 0.1% of gravity on Earth) and muscle in older adults with sarcopenia (肌肉减少症), a muscle-wasting condition that develops over decades. Both indicated a shift toward more fatty acid metabolism (脂肪酸代谢) and a greater tendency toward cell death. The impaired regeneration could contribute to why astronauts' muscles weaken even with regular exercise.

"Microgravity is almost like an accelerated disease-forming platform and environment," said Ngan Huang, PhD, senior author of the study published recently in Stem Cell Reports. "It's important to understand how microgravity is affecting different tissues in the body, with muscle being one of the most essential ones because of how much of it we have in our bodies."

Huang's team also tested drugs that partially prevented these impairments in the muscle samples, which could benefit space travellers and Earth-bound seniors — perhaps even senior space travellers alike.

Ultimately, Huang, who is also a principal investigator at the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System hopes to find ways to enhance muscle regeneration to heal severe muscle injuries, like those many Soldiers injured during wars.

Veronica sat in the chair, watching her daughter, Jane, tug (拽) at the old sewing machine (缝纫机). The machine had been in their family for years—first her mother's, then hers. Veronica had always taken care of it, just like her mother had. Though it wasn't in perfect condition, it still worked if used carefully. Veronica remembered the long hours her mother had spent sewing on it when she was growing up, especially during hard times. She also remembered how her mother had taught her to use the machine, her scolding (训斥) sharp and unforgiving, not allowing any mistakes.

Now Jane was trying to use it, but she was impatiently pulling at the thread (线), causing the needle to get stuck (卡住) with every attempt. The sound of the machine's protests — sharp, squeaky, and out of tune—made Veronica uneasy.

"Stop pulling so bard," Veronica said, her voice calm at first, "You'll break it."

       Jane glanced up, a little annoyed. "It's already broken, Mom."   

Veronica felt a knot tighten in her chest. She knew Jane didn't understand. To her, it was just an old machine. But to Veronica, it was more than that. It was a link to her past.

"Stop pulling at it like that," Veronica said, her voice tense. "It's not a toy, Jane. You can't just force it."

Jane looked up, eyes defiant (反抗的). "It's a piece of junk, Mom. I'm trying to fix it, but it's useless."

Veronica stood up and grabbed Jane's hand, forcing her to stop tugging at the machine. Her grip was tight, almost painful, and she shoved (推开) Jane's hand away. "It's not junk! You need to be careful with it!" Jane pulled her hand back, her eyes welling up with tears. She didn't say anything, but the hurt was clear on her face. Veronica watched her for a few seconds, her heart still pounding in her chest. But at that very moment something changed inside her. She opened her mouth to speak, but no words came out at firs — only a breathless, frustrated sigh. A sudden, familiar feeling washed over her, an uncomfortable weight in her chest.

注意：

1. 续写词数应为100左右;

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

     Her memories of sitting with her mother at the sewing machine flooded back.

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1.表示关心；

2.提出建议。

注意：

1.写作词数应为80左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dear David,

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Yours,

Li Hua