相关试卷
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1、 阅读理解
Phonetic (语音) information—the smallest sound elements of speech - is considered by researchers to be the basis of language. Babies are thought to learn these small sound elements and add them together to make words. But a new study suggests that phonetic information is learnt too late and slowly for this to be the case. Instead, rhythmic (有韵律的) speech helps babies learn language and is effective even in the first few months of life.
Researchers from the Trinity College Dublin investigated babies' ability to process phonetic information during their first year. Their study, published in the journal Nature Communications. found that phonetic information wasn't successfully encoded (编码) until seven months old, and did not occur very often at 11 months old when babies began to say their first words. From then individual speech sounds are still added in very slowly—too slowly to form the basis of language.
The researchers recorded patterns of brain activity in 50 babies at four, seven, and eleven months old as they watched a video of a primary school teacher singing 18 nursery rhymes (童谣) to a baby. They found that phonetic encoding in babies appeared inchmeal over the first year of life, beginning with labial sounds (e.g. "d" for "daddy") and nasal sounds (e.g. "m" for "mummy"), with the "read out" progressively looking more like that of adults.
"The reason why we use nursery rhymes is because that is the best way for babies to discover and connect sounds with language, so we are teaching them how to speak," said Giovanni Di Liberto, lead author of the study at Trinity College Dublin in Ireland. "Parents should talk and sing to their babies as much as possible or use baby-directed speech because it will make a difference to language outcome," she added.
(1)、What should babies learn in the first few months of life according to the new study?A、Small sound elements B、Rhythmic information. C、Phonetic information. D、Individual words.(2)、What does the author mainly discuss in paragraph 2?A、The poor phonetic encoding in babies. B、The advantages of phonetic information. C、The babies' great ability to learn language. D、The babies' growing process in the first year.(3)、What does the underlined word "inchmeal" mean in paragraph 3?A、Gradually. B、Suddenly. C、Successfully. D、Occasionally.(4)、What is the best title of the text?A、When Babies Are Able to Say Their First Words B、How Phonetic Information Changes Over Time C、Why Phonetic Is Better Than Rhythmic for Babies D、Why Babies Need Nursery Rhymes for Language Mastery -
2、 阅读理解
Every year on 2 February, Punxsutawney Phil, the groundhog (土拨鼠), comes out of his hole in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania. If the sun is shining and he sees his shadow before going back into his hole, it means winter will last six more weeks. But if the day is cloudy, spring will come early. Curiously, Phil is not alone. In the region around Milan, tradition has it that if the bear comes out of his hole on a sunny day, he will be able to make himself a nice dry bed and then he'll want to keep on sleeping. This will show that the winter will continue. But if it's a rainy day, the bear will have to stay out—and spring will come soon.
"These traditions can be traced back to Indo-European civilisations 3,000-5,000 years ago," says Venetian historian Elena Righetto. "That's why they are spread all over Europe," she explains. The deepest meaning of the tradition, according to Righetto, is in its seemingly contradictory (矛盾的) nature. It might seem illogical (不合逻辑的) that cold days indicate the coming of spring, or that groundhogs and bears would decide to stay out just when the weather is bad.
"The idea is that the darkest moment, when everything seems to go wrong, is when we experience a rebirth, a new life," explains Righetto. There is a thought that life comes from darkness, just as plants start to grow from the seeds left underground during winter. This thought is so powerful that it crossed countries and survived centuries.
Traditions don't protect people from bad weather, death, or illness, but they protect them emotionally from some of the anxiety related to those coming realities. They don't solve the real problem, but they solve the mental problem—they help you live through the hard times of life. In a way, if we can believe in the magical powers of groundhogs and bears, we might find even an extended (延长的) winter a bit warmer and friendlier.
(1)、What can we learn from the first paragraph?A、Animals are cleverer than humans. B、The groundhog dislikes his shadow. C、The bear prefers to sleep in the dry bed. D、Nice weather indicates an extended winter.(2)、What does the second paragraph talk about?A、The origin of the traditions. B、The nature of the world. C、The laws of the nature. D、Indo-European civilisations.(3)、What can we learn about these traditions from the last paragraph?A、They can prevent bad weather. B、They can provide emotional support. C、They can solve the real problem. D、They can exercise magical powers.(4)、What is the author's attitude towards the idea behind the traditions?A、Critical. B、Puzzled. C、Respectful. D、Uncertain. -
3、 阅读理解
Kathy and Brandon Gunn are a couple from Michigan, and they were married in September 2007. One gift that they received on their wedding day was a box from Kathy's great aunt Alison. On the front of the gift, it read, "Do NOT open until 1st disagreement."
The couple had forgotten about the present for years, even though their marriage had disagreements and arguments. It wasn't until they were thinking about getting a gift for a friend's upcoming wedding that they remembered their one gift that was still to be opened.
"I thought back to our wedding day (nearly 9 years ago) and tried to recall the gifts that had meant the most to me," Kathy wrote in a post on Facebook. "The funny thing? The gift that meant the very most was still sitting in a cupboard. . . unopened. All along, we assumed that the contents of that box held the key to saving a marriage—an age-old secret—unknown to us. After all, my great aunt and uncle had been married for nearly half a century."
When Kathy and Brandon finally opened the mysterious present, what they found inside was so sweet. There was one note and some money, and addressed to Kathy. It read, "Kathy, go get a pizza, shrimp, or something you both like. Aunt Alison."
Brandon also had a note addressed to him. It read, "Brandon, go get flowers and a bottle of wine. Aunt Alison."
"For nine years that box sat high on a shelf in various cupboards gathering dust, yet it somehow taught us about inclusion (包容), understanding and patience. Today, we decided to open that box, because I finally had a realization," Kathy wrote in her post. "I realized that the tools for creating and maintaining a strong, healthy marriage were never within that box-they were within us."
(1)、Why did aunt Alison give the couple a mysterious gift?A、To give the couple a surprise. B、To make their marriage happy. C、To save their terrible marriage. D、To make fun of the couple.(2)、How did the couple deal with Alison's present?A、They gave it to a friend as a gift. B、They kept it until 1st disagreement. C、They left it as it was for nine years. D、They opened it on their wedding day.(3)、How did the couple probably feel when they saw the contents of the gift?A、Moved. B、Shocked. C、Embarrassed. D、Disappointed.(4)、What did Kathy realize was the key to a healthy marriage?A、Wealth and health. B、Character and attitude. C、Duty and obligation. D、Forgiveness and patience. -
4、 阅读理解
The greater Rochester area is filled with opportunities to study and perform music in the summer!
Roberts Community School
Roberts Community Music School has exciting summer musical opportunities for families on the west side of Rochester. It offers two 7-week Early Childhood Classes, Piano Discoveries, and a Ukulele Choir. Lessons are available (可获得的) for piano, voice, stringed instruments, and woodwind & brass (铜管乐器).
School of Rock—Rochester
With camp choices for all ages and skill levels, School of Rock is the perfect summer activity for your child. Our summer music camps are performance-based, meaning students learn to play by performing together in a fun environment. From beginner camps to songwriting and themed camps, wed offer a wide variety of options to ensure your child has an amazing musical experience. Our goal is to prepare teens for live performances on stage.
Eastman Community Music School
The Eastman Community Music School offers different day programs and overnight music camps this summer for middle and high school students, including Adventure Music Camp for Middle Schoolers, Summer Jazz Studies for High School Students, Baroque workshops, and New Horizons Orchestra Camp. Private lessons are also available of all ages, levels, instruments or voice.
Bach to Rock Music School
Bach to Rock's Music Camps run each week all summer long for all ages and levels! Our camps are designed for students to work with our highly experienced teachers to learn how to play their instrument of choice, develop a band, learn to play songs they love, and have the opportunity to write and create their music. Each weekly camp ends with an opportunity to record in our studio! Full or half-day camps are available. No experience is necessary.
(1)、Which school's programs are designed to get students on stage performing?A、Roberts Community School. B、School of Rock—Rochester. C、Eastman Community Music School. D、Bach to Rock Music School.(2)、What is special about Bach to Rock Music Camps?A、They offer overnight camps. B、They require related experience. C、They offer chances to perform in a TV station. D、They can train different kinds of musical skills.(3)、What's the purpose of the text?A、To compare four music schools. B、To encourage students to be music stars. C、To introduce some music summer camps. D、To show the music resources in Rochester. -
5、 听对话, 回答问题。(1)、What did most people suggest the speaker do?A、Get to the park early. B、Watch out for thieves. C、Eat something before running.(2)、Why did the speaker take the young man by the arm?A、To help him stand up. B、To get his money back. C、To demand an apology.(3)、Where was the speaker's money?A、In his pocket. B、On the running track. C、In the kitchen.(4)、What is the speaker mainly talking about?A、His funny experience. B、His brave behavior. C、His fitness plan.
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6、 听对话, 回答问题。(1)、How does Lisa feel about Josh's invitation at first?A、Excited. B、Worried. C、Uninterested.(2)、What time does the concert end?A、At 8:00 p. m. B、At 10:00 p. m. C、At 11:00 p. m.(3)、What kind of music will the speakers hear in the concert?A、Classical music. B、Country music. C、Pop music.(4)、How will the speakers go to the concert?A、By subway. B、By train. C、By bus.
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7、 听对话, 回答问题。(1)、When did the woman get the handbag?A、Last week. B、Last month. C、Last year.(2)、Why did the woman's brother leave early?A、To catch a train. B、To write a paper. C、To look for a new job.(3)、What does the woman suggest the man do?A、Buy a magazine. B、Read in the library. C、Turn to a journalist.
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8、 听对话, 回答问题。(1)、What is the woman doing?A、Giving advice. B、Preparing dinner. C、Making coffee.(2)、What will the man do this afternoon?A、Meet a friend. B、Have an interview. C、Go shopping.
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9、 听对话, 回答问题。(1)、What does the man do?A、He is a photographer. B、He is a designer. C、He is a painter.(2)、What's the probable relationship between the speakers?A、Colleagues. B、Strangers. C、Classmates.
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10、 What are the speakers talking about?A、A report. B、A researcher. C、A department.
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11、 What does the woman think about the building?A、It's nice inside. B、It's unusual outside. C、It holds no attraction for her.
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12、 Why didn't the man see the woman at breakfast?A、She went for a long walk. B、She finished her breakfast early. C、She didn't go to the dining hall.
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13、 When will the man meet his parents?A、At about 8:00 am. B、At about 9:00 am. C、At about 10:00 am.
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14、 What did the woman do last night?A、She drank some coffee. B、She wrote a paper. C、She prepared for a test.
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15、 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Cedar Point was an amusement park in Ohio I had been expecting to visit as a child. We lived close to the park, so I often heard the screams of people on the roller coaster, saw the tired kids with their parents when they left. Sometimes, I looked wistfully at the lights through my window at night.
When I was nine, my grandmother managed to save a little bit of money here and there and took me there one day that summer. I yelled, excitement bubbling inside me. As we arrived at the park for the first time, kids were everywhere, eating popcorn(爆米花)and blowing bubbles. My eyes widened in delight at the scene. I wanted to do all those things, but deep down, I knew we didn't have enough money. We could only afford to buy a ticket only for one ride for fifteen minutes. I pulled my grandmother toward the ticket window to buy a ticket for the carousel(旋转木马).
It was exactly as I had imagined, straight out of a movie. My grandmother smiled fondly and leaned down, giving the ticket to the ride operator, Mr Salas. Letting go, I rushed to the ride, stopping only to pick which horse to sit on. They were all so beautiful, coming in different colors with' different expressions 'on their plastic faces. To me, it felt like the decision of a lifetime.
"Come on, sweetie! The ride is going to start!" my grandmother called out, laughing at my indecision. Seeing that, Mr Salas also smiled warmly. Finally, I picked the horse with the pink hair and blue saddle. In the following minutes, I was absorbed in enjoying the ride, forgetting my family was struggling. My grandmother waved each time the ride passed her by. Mr Salas watched me from a distance.
Sadly, the carousel ride ended much too quickly. My grandmother was waiting and took my hand. I got down from the horse unwillingly, feeling bittersweet.
注意: 1. 续写词数应为150 左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
At that moment, Mr Salas approached us with a warm smile on his face,
……
After a while, Mr Salas returned, with an all-inclusive ticket for Cedar Point for the entire day.
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16、 假定你是李华, 一个即将毕业的高三学生, 你校英语俱乐部将为高一新生举办主题为"What to learn in senior high school?"的分享与交流活动, 特邀你谈谈自己的体会。请你写一篇发言稿, 内容包括: 1. 学习和个人成长; 2. 你的期望和祝福。
注意: 1. 写作词数应为80 左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Hello, everyone!
……
Thank you!
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17、 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Since the holding of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games, teenagers and young children (show)a greater interest in skiing-related activities. Chinese people born in the 1990s and after the year 2000 are the main groups of skiers, according to Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People's Republic of China, (base)the result on data from a renowned travel agency.
"During the winter that just ended, the number of bookings for skiing-related services made by these two age groups accounted 60 percent of the total, and the number of children who had gone skiing with their parents was on the rise," the travel agency said.
With the trend of Chinese consumers' higher enthusiasm for skiing (notice), a Swiss luxury watchmaker organized a, day on the slopes for young skiers in early winter last year. "This reflected the company's (commit)to helping children believe in themselves through sports," it said.
"We (firm)believe that sport is important for the integration of children. So. means a lot to us to be able to create environments children can experience the fun and joy of sport, " said Franziska Gsell, chief marketing officer of the company. China had become one of the most dynamic markets for the company and they were (confidence)about their operations in the country.
The widespread popularity of ice and the emergence of indoor ski resorts and snow parks have enabled people from the southern regions of China (experience)skiing-related activities at any time of the year.
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18、 阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Asli Samanci, a food scientist, was driven by her childhood dream of becoming a scientist, leading her to pursue a career in food science. "It 1 everything: biology, microbiology and chemistry all together," Samancil said.
With this passion, she established a company that 2 health products made from propolis(蜂胶), a natural substance produced by bees. Samanci's dedication to 3 is evident in every step. of her product development process. "All products are 4 by science," Samanci said.
The 5 behind Samanci's venture also lies in her son, who experienced frequent health issues during his early years. Upon a doctor's recommendation, she 6 propolis as a means to help strengthen her son's immune system. However, not 7 with the products on the market, Samanci worked 8 with a beekeeper to craft the ideal solution for her son's needs. Gradually, Samanci has made her specialized products 9 to a broader range of consumers.
Meanwhile, Samanci and: her beekeeping partners have witnessed a significant 10 in the bee population, Recognizing that 80% of all plants rely on bees for pollination(授粉), this development has proved to contribute to 11 nature. Samanci firmly believes in the concept of a win-win business model, where 12 can make a positive impact on the environment. And she urges all entrepreneurs and scientists to find that 13 . Samanci
says, "To get something from nature in a(n) 14 way, we urge more food scientists and agricultural scientists to join us. 15 , nature will not give us anymore."
(1)A 、 accomplishes B 、 combines C 、 processes D 、 maintains(2)A 、 took up B 、 brought about C 、 held back D 、 put off(3)A 、 purchase B 、 delivery C 、 quality D 、 service(4)A 、 limited B 、 denied C 、 revealed D 、 backed(5)A 、 regulation B 、 inspiration C 、 sample D 、 mystery(6)A 、 explored B 、 exported C 、 refused D 、 permitted(7)A 、 patient B 、 consistent C 、 cautious D 、 content(8)A 、 equally B 、 violently C 、 directly D 、 temporarily(9)A 、 accessible B 、 similar C 、 responsible D 、 essential(10)A 、 damage B 、 rise C 、 change D 、 loss(11)A 、 conquering B 、 discovering C 、 impressing D 、 preserving(12)A 、 scientists B 、 beekeepers C 、 entrepreneurs D 、 consumers(13)A 、 balance B 、 opportunity C 、 fault D 、 reason(14)A 、 extraordinary B 、 sustainable C 、 lively D 、 decent(15)A 、 Altogether B 、 Anyhow C 、 Moreover D 、 Otherwise -
19、 阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What motivates you to work or study harder? Is it the thought of success and all the amazing things that you can achieve, or is it the fear of failure and worry about all the things that can go wrong for you? But is one better than the other?
A recent study looked at the effect of fear-based strategies on British secondary school students. It found that if a test is seen as important, and students are optimistic that they can succeed, then the fear of failure can be used successfully by teachers to motivate these learners. In that case, it will in turn lead them to do worse on the test than they would have done otherwise. The study also found that if students are indifferent and don't care about the test in the first place, then, unsurprisingly, the fear of failure is not likely to motivate them.
Entrepreneurs often run the risk of failure. It's a fact that many new companies will fail. But does this motivate or hold back business people? The personal consequences of failure can be significant, and so founders may be motivated to work harder to avoid them. A study carried out on British and Canadian entrepreneurs found that fear of failure can improve problem solving, as people are motivated to anticipate and resolve potential issues. However, the study also showed that it can lead to increased delay of work, as people focus too much on what they personally fear, rather than what would be best, for the business. If someone is less confident about their business ideas, then they may find their decision-making negatively affected by their fears.
Fear can drive confident people to do better, but it can also expand our doubts and turn them into barriers.
A. Again, it's not straightforward.
B. The answer, undoubtedly, is "yes".
C. Taken together, fear-based motivation is complicated.
D. Generally speaking, good outcomes can be expected by teachers.
E. They may also be inspired to innovate and activate their business.
F. However, if students lack confidence, fear-based approaches could cause anxiety.
G. Leaders, managers and teachers often use one of these ideas to inspire people to achieve more.
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20、 阅读理解
When patients are discharged(出院)from the hospital, effective summaries from doctors' notes are essential to capture their health 'status in the medical record. Whereas, most are filled with technical languages that are hard to understand and increase patients' anxiety.
To address the problem, researchers from New York University(NYU)Langone Health have been testing the capabilities of generative artificial intelligence(AI). It tries to develop likely options for the next word in any sentence' based on' how most people use words in context on the Internet.
NYU Langone Health received access to the latest tool from a famous tech company to explore generative AI. One of the studies by the' researchers published in JAMA Network Open, looked at how well the tool could convert(转换)the text in 50 patient discharge notes into patient-friendly language. Specifically, generative AI made the discharge notes drop from 11th-grade reading level on average to a 6th-grade level.
Two physicians were asked to review the AI discharge summary based on a 6th-grade level. The reviewing physicians awarded 54 percent of the AI-generated discharge notes the best-possible accuracy rating. They also found that 56 percent of notes created by AI were entirely complete. The result signified that even at the current performance level, providers of discharge notes would not have to make a single change in more than half of the AI summaries reviewed.
"That more than half of the AI reports generated are accurate and complete is an amazing start," said Jonah Zaretsky, associate chief of medicine at NYU Langone Hospital—Brooklyn. "Even at the current level of performance, which we expect to improve shortly, the achievement of the AI tool suggests that it can be taught to recognize subtleties(微妙之处)."
Within the following years, the team expects to launch a pilot program to provide lay language discharge summaries that have been generated by AI and reviewed by physicians to patients on a larger scale.
(1)、What is generative AI used for by the researchers?A、Submitting discharge summaries. B、Accessing patients' health status. C、Making discharge notes clear to patients. D、Offering technical languages to doctors.(2)、What is generative AI's function based on?A、Probable predicting. B、Actual thinking. C、Free imagining. D、Strict instructing.(3)、Why were the two physicians asked to review the AI discharge summaries?A、To correct their mistakes. B、To measure their accuracy. C、To compete with the AI tool. D、To make up the missing parts.(4)、How did Jonah Zaretsky find the performance of AI in dealing with discharge summaries?A、Misleading. B、Dismissive. C、Challenging. D、Promising.