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A lot is unknown about how babies begin to connect names with objects in their environments. A study by Indiana University researchers offered a fresh view on how babies get this in human development. Before they can speak, babies between the ages of 7 and 11months have this ability.

To carry out their study, Smith and Clerkin made a list of objects and the heard names of objects as they appeared in babies' daily lives. They then considered how these experiences influence babies' memory(记忆) systems.

`"When scientists think about how babies manage to learn words, they've traditionally focused on the development of babies' learning abilities," Smith said. "This is not wrong. But if you pay more attention to the babies' learning environments, you see their learning tasks and abilities differently. We need to study these learning environments because that will tell us more about what children need to learn a word."

A full understanding of the learning environments could make researchers and doctors develop useful methods to deal with children who are considered "late talkers". The environments can be changed to help children who are learning a language more slowly than others.

"The idea is that over long periods of time, the memory for visual objects is being built up slowly in the brain," Clerkin said. "When a word is spoken at a certain moment and the related memory is reactivated (激活) to the name, the babies can make a connection rapidly."

Isabella was born in Liverpool, the UK. Several years ago, she opened a restaurant in London. Her restaurant is known for its delicious food and good service, making it one of the most popular restaurants in the area. She believes in honesty and runs her restaurant with it. She firmly believes that there are honest people everywhere.

One busy weekend, there were so many customers that she and the employees were very busy. Luckily, everything was going well. At noon, a young couple came and told a waiter that they'd like to be served quickly. After the fast but delightful meal, the couple gave their credit card over to pay the bill. They were told to pay £ 20. To their surprise, they could only pay in cash. Obviously, the couple became anxious. When they were about to say something, the waiter was asked to another table to take orders.

When the waiter came back to the table again, he found the couple had gone missing without paying for their food. Learning this, Isabella was quite angry. It was the first time that she had met this. She couldn't understand their behaviour and even began to doubt her belief. However, Isabella still hoped that the couple would return. Nothing happened.

Ten days later, Isabella was surprised to receive a package. In the package were £ 30and a box of chocolates, with a note saying, "We sincerely apologize for our leaving without paying for the food that day, because we didn't have cash and had to catch the train. We sent the money and the gift to you, expecting your forgiveness!" Surprised but moved, Isabella smiled.

There are many amazing trails(路线) around the world that allow us to get close to nature. We will introduce four of the best hiking trails in the world here.

The Inca Trail, Peru

The Inca Trail to Macchu Picchu is considered one of the greatest hikes in South America. The Inca Trail is a guided three-day trip in Peru. The views of snowy mountain tops, great rivers, and cloud forests there are unforgettable. It also offers a chance to learn the rich history of the Inca empire in Peru.

The Dingle Way, Ireland

If you want to experience the beauty of Ireland, the Dingle Way trail is a great choice.

This trail can be completed in about eight days. Starting in the town of Tralee, the path follows narrow roads and offers great views of Inch Strand, a beautiful sandy beach.

Monteverde Cloud Forest, Costa Rica

It is known for its wide variety of creatures, which will make you have the chance to see the unique birds, bats and bears up close with a six-day hike. The high cloud forest with amazing plants is the perfect place to explore the trail. It has a series of well-marked paths that are great for an easy walk.

Armenia & the Silk Road

Armenia is known for its beautiful natural landscapes, and the best way to explore them is on foot. The Armenia & the Silk Road trip is an eleven-day adventure that takes you through some of the country's most beautiful routes.

As the nurse had instructed, Amy walked up and down the halls of Mercy Hospital again and again. As she walked past room after room filled with husbands and wives, laughter and encouragement, she was only reminded of how alone she was.

She couldn't help but notice the bright bouquets (花束) in so many of the rooms. One woman had at least fifty roses beside her bed. How strongly Amy wished to also receive flowers!

Months before, her husband and parents had lost their lives in an accident. She only had grandparents, but they were old and weren't able to go to the hospital with her. So, when she would soon give birth, she came to the hospital by herself. She had never felt so lonely. She wanted to have her hand held by someone to feel supported and loved.

As she continued walking, she passed a room filled with people. Curiously, Amy stuck her head in to see what was going on.

The new mother Laura on the bed inside saw Amy. Although she didn't know what happened to Amy, she noticed how sad Amy looked. And she wanted to cheer her up. "Hi! It looks like you're getting ready to have a baby!' said Laura holding a beautiful baby girl. "Let's hope so," Amy said, trying to sound cheerful.

"I'm Laura. Would you like to hold her?" the mother asked. Amy was so touched by her kindness and nodded. Getting to her was the hard part. Laura had more flowers in her room than Amy had seen all day.

As Amy held the baby, she smiled. "Are you having a boy or girl?" Laura asked "I don't know. I'll find it out tonight," Amy said. "Good luck. You will be a great mom," Laura said. When Amy left, Laura learned she was alone and then whispered to the nurses, "Give all of these flowers to her. Don't let her know they are from me."

Hours later, Amy lay in her own bed, alone, waiting to be delivered of a child. She was so scared. As tears fell down her face, she heard a knock at her door.

注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式作答。

A nurse came in with five beautiful flowers.

……

Amy stopped by Laura's room to visit and curiously found all her flowers gone.

May you have an enjoyable vacation!

注意：1. 写作词数在80左右, 开头结尾已经给出，不计入总词数；2. 中国文化周：Chinese Cultural Week；3. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Sir or Madam,

……

Yours sincerely

Li Hua

We rely on news to learn about what is happening in the world around us. That's to say: News (matter)! But we usually find reports on the same events contain different even contradictory information. Why?

Let's take the two news reports on the Henderson Tower fire as an example. The first news report, which focuses on firefighters' efforts to put out the fire, tells us the fire spread quickly and left people (trap). And the firefighters got the fire control. However, the second news report attaches importance to deaths and (injury). The fire has left dozens of people hurt, five of are in a critical condition. From the examples above, we know it is (advise) to remember journalists may have different priorities. They may contradict each other in terms of factual details, as events in the real world are usually complicated and constantly (change). In addition, news reports written at different stages of an event could contain different information as news facts (bring) to light.

To sum up, it's smart to read news reports written from various perspectives, which brings us accurate understanding of a situation!

When I moved to Washington, D.C, I left all of my friends behind.1 new acquaintances to home-cooked meals was my best 2 to make new friends. Given that my food was pretty good, everyone was soon asking me for the3 , which was how Bun Bo Bae, my cooking blog came into being.

In hindsight(事后看来), I've probably been 4 to start a food blog. I spent most of my childhood in the kitchen with my mom. I would watch her cook,5  a lot of knowledge of cooking. To my6 , I left for college before I could learn my mom's best dishes. 

I went to France to study. I was 7  alone for the first time in my life. There were no roommates, dorms or dining halls. I was 8  homesick. So, I started calling my mom and asking for the recipes for my favorite dishes. As it9 , my mom didn't have any recipes. She just taught me how to cook intuitively(凭直觉地); thus, I learned to cook by 10 and feeling my food. 

Bun Bo Bae was initially a space for me to put what I learned into writing. I wanted to write down every 11 I was given in detail. Later on, I 12 more. I created some recipes by myself. Soon my food blog and follower count grew.

Bun Bo Bae increased my 13 at work. I knew I was a great cook, but I had no idea how to make a website. So I taught myself web building. And the14 helped me land my job at NPR, where one of my recipes was 15 in a famous cafeteria.

Europeans and other western nations have controlled car industry for over a century. But a newcomer will soon be running after them at their heels.It is more than ten years since they did better than America to become the most productive car-makers in the world. China is producing the best cars in the world, and on the way to controlling car production.

China has gradually built its car-making capabilities during different periods. And then its state-owned companies reached arrangements with western makers like General Motors in the 1980s. This produced cars that were far better designed, and soon China's roads were becoming busy with western clones.

It still pays relatively low wages and has millions of skilled workers. Skilled workers are important to reduce the costs because they make vehicles that need fewer rebuilds. Some Chinese vehicles in the past ten years haven't had the design expected by western buyers, so haven't sold in enough cars in Europe to worry the western makers.Chinese-designed and built vehicles are not far behind in their design, and starting to enter European markets. Xpeng is one Chinese start-up that only produces electric vehicles. Having sold well in China, it is making its first moves into Europe via Norway with its G3 model. The next revolution in car industry is replacing petrol vehicles with electric. With all of China's advantages, it could finally become the home of the best cars in the world.

A. How did this happen?

B. Yet this is changing rapidly.

C. These cars sold well at home and abroad.

D. The Chinese are not exactly newcomers.

E. China also has excellent shipping links, like Shanghai.

F. China is also in a good position to build cars for the right price.

G. It originally began making Soviet-designed vehicles in the 1950s.

In late September, 2023, NASA's OSIRIS-REx mission（任务）delivered bits of rock and dust collected from a distant asteroid（小行星）to Earth. The sample, from the asteroid named Bennu, is the first of its kind brought to the United States. Now, the public can see the asteroid's rocky debris（碎片）on display at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History a few days ago.

Scientists think the 4.5-billion-year-old asteroid is composed of some of the solar system's oldest materials, formed in dying stars before the planets existed. Examining this ancient matter could hold clues about how organic materials first arrived on Earth, so NASA launched the OSIRIS-REx mission in 2016 to collect samples from Bennu's surface. The spacecraft arrived at the asteroid in 2018, surveyed the rock for an ideal collection site and ultimately took a sample back to Earth in 2020. Recently, an initial examination of the sample revealed evidence of a high carbon content and water on Bennu.

When the team was unpacking their sample, they found that "bonus" material from the asteroid covered the collector. The presence（存在）of this extra matter delayed NASA's processing of the sample. "The very best 'problem' to have is that there is so much material that it's taking longer than we expected to collect it," said Christopher Snead, the OSIRIS-REx deputy sample curator. Next, more of the material from Bennu will go on display at the museum. In the next two years, scientists will continue analyzing the sample and will save at least 70 percent of the Bennu rocks for further research.

NASA administrator Bill Nelson believes that studying Bennu samples will advance our understanding of the solar system for generations. It promises to shed light on(弄明白)what makes our planet unique. By studying this 4.5-billion-year-old sample and sharing it with the public, NASA aims to inspire future scientists and encourage them to explore new fields.

A lot of manufactured glass today made from sand and sodium carbonate （碳酸钠） can be reused or melted down and recycled into new items, but it doesn't break down in the environment and will sit in landfills for thousands  of years. A team of Chinese scientists aimed to deal with this environmental concern by developing an eco-conscious alternative.

In a study published recently in the journal Science Advances, a team at the Chinese  Academy of Sciences' Institute of Process Engineering describe how they engineered biodegradable glass made from amino acids(氨基酸). That glass would have a smaller impact on the environment and can break down in a few weeks or in several months.

In a test, glass beads (玻璃珠)made out of amino acids were placed under the skin of mice, and the breakdown of the bead and the skin healing process were observed for 30 days. A diagram from the study shows how the mice's bodies broke down the beads. In that month, the glass implant degraded beneath the skin, the wound site healed, and fur grew back. "Throughout the experimental period, no mice exhibited any pain-related behavior that may have been caused by the glass implantation, and none of them experienced obvious weight loss," the researchers wrote in their paper.

Although amino acids do degrade over time in the environment, this biodegradable glass is not as durable as traditional glass, because amino acids can break down quickly in heat. In order to overcome this hurdle, the researchers chemically modified the amino acids using the heating-cooling procedure applied in glass manufacturing. This is when materials for the glass are heated to become soft and then rapidly cooled so as to make the glass tougher.

"It's important to point out that this biodegradable glass is currently in the lab stage, and far from large- scale commercialization," emphasized Yan Xuehai, a professor involved in the study, in a press release.