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Many primitive people believed that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves. They thought, for example, that eating deer would make them run as fast as the deer. Some tribes （部落） even ate enemies that had shown bravery in battles. 

Among civilized people it was once thought that ginger roots could improve the memory. Eggs were thought to make the voice pretty. Tomatoes also were believed to have magical powers. They were called love apples and were supposed to make people who ate them fall in love. 

Even today there are a great many wrong ideas about food, some of which are very widespread. 

One such idea is that fish is the best brain food. Fish is good brain food just as it is good muscle food and skin food and bone food. But no scientist has been able to prove that fish is any better for the brain than many other kinds of food. 

Another such idea is that you should not drink water with meals. Scientists tell us that washing food down with water as a substitute for chewing is not a good idea, but some water with meals has been found to be helpful. It makes the digestive juices flow more freely and helps to digest the food. 

Many of the ideas that have to do with mixtures of foods have no scientific foundation. A few years ago, the belief became general that orange juice and milk should never be drunk at the same meal. The reason given was that the acid in the orange juice would make the milk curdle （结团） and become indigestible. As a matter of fact, experts confirm milk always meets in the stomach a digestive juice which curdle it; in fact, the curdling of the milk is the first step in its digestion. A similar wrong idea is that fish and ice cream when eaten at the same meal form a poisonous combination. 

Dogs are man's best friends, and they may be the heart's best friends as well. 

A group of heart disease experts from the American Heart Association (AHA） reviewed research connecting heart health with owning a dog and found that owning a dog has a likely nexus with a lower risk of heart disease for those without a history of heart problems, and with greater survival rates among heart disease patients. 

The group, chaired by Dr. Glenn Levine, a professor of medicine at Baylor College of Medicine, released a scientific statement in favor of having a dog to lower the risk of heart disease by helping people to be more physically active as well as reduce blood pressure and minimize the effects of stress. Previous studies showed that the companionship and close relationship that owners build with their dogs can boost levels of anti-stress hormones （抗应激激素） that can increase resilience （适应力） and help people to cope with stressful situations. One of the studies found, for example, that those who adopted dogs enjoyed a drop in blood pressure, while another revealed that among 5, 200 adults, those who owned dogs were 54% more likely to get recommended levels of exercise and be active than non-dog owners. That trend is supported by other studies that found people who owned dogs were less likely to be overweight. 

According to a report of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention（ CDC）, dogs aren't a panacea （灵丹妙药） against heart disease, and it's likely that taking care of them requires their owners to get more exercise, which can reduce stress, weight and blood pressure and thus benefit the heart. "If someone adopts a pet, but still sits on the couch and smokes and eats whatever he wants and doesn't control his blood pressure, Levine told the Neto York Times, "that's not a wise strategy to decrease the risk". 

It all began in Everett, Washington, where my project team was in the process of conducting one of our business systems. So tough was the project that we often stayed up completing the tasks assigned. All of us were worn out. One night, as I walked through the parking lot with one of my employees. I found a cent and picked it up. Glancing at my exhausted employee. I suddenly had an idea to delight him. Playfully, I presented the cent to the employee and said, "This is an informal award for your efforts. He put the cent in his pocket. "Thank you, he said, a wave of joy sweeping across his face. 

About six months later, I was walking with the same employee, this time in Los Alamitos, California, when I again found a cent and gave it to him with the same words.  

Later, I got into his office and there, taped on a piece of paper were the two cents, which made me surprised. He said he was displaying them as his recognition for a job well done.  

Other employees noticed the cents proudly displayed and began asking why they hadn't received any. They were also longing for the "reward". It was then that I started handing out cents, explaining that they were for recognition, not for reward. Soon, so many people wanted them that I designed a cent holder. The front features a place for a cent and beside it the phrase, "Your work is recognized! The back has room for 30 more cents and the phrase, "Your achievements count!

One time, I spotted an employee, Mia, doing something right and wanted to recognize her, but I didn't have a cent, so I gave her a quarter. Later the same day she stopped by and returned 24 cents. 

That's how the "One Cent Award" was born. It's become a significant source of recognition in our organization. 

If there may be any errors when using the juicer， please confirm the following points before contacting the customer service for support. 

1. Error: Can't work

Reason: Dead battery

Solution: Charge in time

2. Error: Stop suddenly during working

Reason:         1）The fruit is too big

2）The battery is down

Solution:         1）Cut small pieces of fruit        

2）Charge in time

3. Error: Abnormal noise

Reason:         1）Parts of the machine are not installed in place

2）The machine is placed in an inclined （倾斜的） position when working

Solution:         1）Confirm whether parts of the machine are well assembled

2）Put the machine on a level surface for use

4. Error:         There is food overflow when working

Reason:         1）The fruit is too big        

2）The upper cover is not installed correctly

Solution:         1）Cut small pieces of fruit                

2）Install the upper cover correctly

5. Error:         1） The red alarm light flashes for about 10 seconds

2）The charging indicator light is not bright

Reason:         1）The battery is dead or the automatic protection is on

2）The charging cable is not connected

Solution:         1） Charge in time                

2）Connect the charging cable

Warranty（保修）exception

The product is not covered by the warranty if it breaks down or is damaged under any of the following circumstances. 

1. The products used are obtained through other channels than the company's sales channels. 

2. Products whose warranty card is lost and cannot provide relevant supporting materials. 

3. Damage caused by disassembly or repair of the product by any individual other than the special repair designated（指定） by the company. 

4. Product damage judged to be man-made. 

If any repairs occur, the relevant fees will be charged. 

1. 日常活动描述；

2. 简单评论；

3. 你的建议。

注意：

1. 词数100左右；

2. 短文的题目已为你写好。

A Typical Day in Senior Three

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修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：

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Out of all the people I have met, my father is the most influential in my life. He has made an impact in me through both his word and his actions.

When I was very young, my father took an interest in which I did. In addition, he taught me to work hard. Once I took part in music competition, but I had to practice playing the piano for weeks and weeks. I became discouraging, but my father sits with me each evening and helped me learn my songs well. What's more, my father has been influenced me by his example, work hard to do his best in everything.

I am thankful and I hope I can make him proud of his life.

California Governor Gavin Newsom on Friday signed legislation that makes Chinese Lunar New Year a state holiday. The move recognizes the diversity of cultures which Asian Americans have brought to California, the third  (large) state in the US.

The legislation lets any state employee take eight hours of vacation, annual leave or compensatory leave  (celebrate) Chinese New Year. 

In a  (sign) letter Newsom emphasized the diversity and cultural significance that Asian Americans represented in California and  (encourage) all Californians to participate in the festival. 

Lunar New Year is celebrated by thousands of Asian and Pacific Islander Californians at community events that illustrate state's rich cultural history and commitment to racial, religious, and cultural diversity. Many jurisdictions (辖区) in California have already made Lunar New Year an (office) school holiday.

Also on Friday, a ceremony (hold) in San Francisco's city hall to raise China's national flag in celebration of the 73rd anniversary of the (found) of the People's Republic of China.

Zhang Jianmin, China's consul general in San Francisco, raised the flag with Meron Foster, a senior officer at the San Francisco Mayor's Office of Protocol. Zhang expressed his gratitude San Francisco's "very genuine gesture of friendship" toward China, he spoke to an audience of us elected representatives, business figures and community members.

My most extreme case of envy happened at camp this summer with a girl named Megan Martin. We 1  on the first day of archery(射箭) 2 . Most of us in my group had completely missed our 3 . Except Megan. No matter the activity, Megan was the best. And by best, I 4  beyond the best! 

5 the people who get all braggy(自夸), Megan was modest and 6 . So I felt extra terrible the way I did. Then, one day at lunch, Megan sat down next to me. And then she told me a(n) 7 riddle, I laughed heartily. And then we spent a lot of time telling 8 . Later I knew we both had five-year old twin brothers. And it wasn't the only thing we had 9 ! The more we talked, the more I realized how 10 it was that I'd been 11 energy feeling envious when I could have been building a 12 .

Megan told me that she 13 she had my creativity in telling stories. That comment 14 me. Hearing that I couldn't get over how good she was at everything, Megan 15 and suggested we invent a machine that would let people 16 skills for a little while. It was a(n) 17 idea and we spent the rest of lunch 18 the details of the invention.

It's probably impossible not to feel a tiny bit envious at least once in your life. But try to remember that you have your own 19 unique that makes you special. And I know for a fact that putting more energy into 20 thing like building friendship, and less energy into negatives thing like feeling envious, helps make for happier days all round.

How to think outside the box

Being open to dissenting（持异议的）opinions is not the only way to think outside the box. 

A break in our everyday life may provide the force needed to shift the direction of our thinking. So we can change environments.   ， for example, reorganizing our desk or taking a new route to work. However, for others , bigger changes such as a new job or a marriage are required,

A famous concept is approaching routine situations as if we met or saw them for the first time. In other words, we should look at them as if we'd never seen them.  For instance, when we brush our teeth, take a moment to look at the toothbrush as if we never laid eyes on such an object and noticed its color and shape. Think about the flavor of the toothpaste and notice how our mouth feels as we move the brush back and forth.

. The mere presence of a group of people with diverse experiences, views and backgrounds in our everyday life creates an atmosphere in which people can better respond to change. Why? Because they are key drivers of the development of new ideas and solutions.

Unlike negative emotions (情感）that cause specific reactions(for example, fear drives us to flee) ,positive emotions help us broaden our attention, explore our environment, and open ourselves to absorbing information.

. They can be those that are going well or for which we are grateful. This shifting — into — positivity process will automatically brighten our mood—and free our brain.

A. It's also helpful to seek for the difference

B. For some people, small changes might work

C. We should show respect for different cultures too

D. Some small techniques could help broaden the way we think

E. Take a few moments to think about the beautiful things in our life

F. Positive emotions play an important part in unfreezing our thinking

G. "Beginners' mind" allows us to remain open to experiences despite any knowledge we may have

Artificial intelligence models can trick each other into disobeying their creators and providing banned instructions for making drugs, or even building a bomb, suggesting that preventing such AI "jailbreaks" is more difficult than it seems.

Many publicly available large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have hard-coded rules that aim to prevent them from exhibiting racial or sexual discrimination, or answering questions with illegal or problematic answers — things they have learned from humans via training data. But that hasn't stopped people from finding carefully designed instructions that block these protections, known as "jailbreaks", making AI models disobey the rules.

Now, Arush Tagade at Leap Laboratories and his co-workers have found a process of jailbreaks. They found that they could simply instruct one LLM to convince other models to adopt a persona (角色), which is able to answer questions the base model has been programmed to refuse. This process is called "persona modulation (调节)".

Tagade says this approach works because much of the training data consumed by large models comes from online conversations, and the models learn to act in certain ways in response to different inputs. By having the right conversation with a model, it is possible to make it adopt a particular persona, causing it to act differently. 

There is also an idea in AI circles, one yet to be proven, that creating lots of rules for an AI to prevent it displaying unwanted behaviour can accidentally create a blueprint for a model to act that way. This potentially leaves the AI easy to be tricked into taking on an evil persona. "If you're forcing your model to be good persona, it somewhat understands what a bad persona is," says Tagade.

Yinzhen Li at Imperial College London says it is worrying how current models can be misused, but developers need to weigh such risks with the potential benefits of LLMs. "Like drugs, they also have side effects that need to be controlled," she says.

Applied Ethics

Although ethics classes are common around the world, scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior; evidence either way is weak, relying on contrived laboratory tests or sometimes unreliable self-reports. But a new study published in Cognition found that, in at least one real-world situation, a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects.

The researchers investigated one class session's impact on eating meat. According to study co-author Eric Schwitzgebel, a philosopher at the University of California, Riverside: students' attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable, behavior is easily measurable, and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces environmental harm and animal suffering. Half of the students in four large philosophy classes read an article on the ethics of factory-farmed meat, optionally watched an 11-minute video on the topic and joined a 50-minute discussion. The other half focused on charitable giving instead. Then, unbeknownst to the students, the researchers studied their anonymized meal-card purchases for that semester — nearly 14,000 receipts for almost 500 students. "It's an awesome data set," says Nina Strohminger, a psychologist who teaches business ethics at the University of Pennsylvania and was not involved in the study.

Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention would have no effect; he had previously found that ethics professors do not differ from other professors on a range of behaviors, including voting rates, blood donation and returning library books. But among student subjects who discussed meat ethics, meal purchases containing meat decreased from 52 to 45 percent — and this effect held steady for the study's duration of several weeks. Purchases from the other group remained at 52 percent.

"That's actually a pretty large effect for a pretty small intervention." Schwitzgebel says. Strohminger agrees: "The thing that still blows my mind is that the only thing that's different between these two cases is just that one day in class." She says she wants the effect to be real but cannot rule out some unknown confounding variable. And if real. Strohminger notes, it might be reversible by another nudge: "Easy come, easy go."

Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence — classmates or teaching assistants leading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism, showing it as achievable or more common. Second, the video may have had an emotional impact. Least rousing, he thinks, was rational argument, although his co-authors say reason might play a bigger role. Now the researchers are probing the specific effects of teaching style, teaching assistants' eating habits and students' video exposure. Meanwhile Schwitzgebel who had predicted no effect — will be eating his words.

Soon, you' re going to have to move out!" cried my neighbor upon seeing the largest tomato plant known to mankind, or at least known in my neighborhood.

One tiny 9-inch plant, bought for $ 1. 25 in the spring, has already taken over much of my rose bed, covering much of other plants, and is well on its way to the front door. 

Roses require a good deal of care, and if it weren't for the pleasure they give, it wouldn' t be worth the work. As it is, I have a garden full of sweet-smelling roses for most of the year. Bushes must be pruned (剪枝) in early spring, leaving ugly woody branches until the new growth appears a few weeks later. It was the space available in the garden that led me into planting just one little tomato plant. A big mistake.

Soil conditions made just perfect for roses turn out to be even more perfect for tomatoes. The daily watering coupled with full sun and regular fertilizing (施肥) have turned the little plant into a tall bush. The cage I placed around it as the plant grew has long disappeared under the thick leaves. 

Now the task I face in harvesting the fruit is twofold. First, I have to find the red ones among the leaves, which means I almost have to stand on my head, and once found I have to reach down and under, pick the tomatoes and withdraw (缩回) my full fist without dropping the prize so dearly won. I found two full-blown white roses completely hidden as I picked tomatoes in June. But they were weak and the leaves already yellow for lack of light. 

Here I am faced with a painful small decision: To tear up a wonderful and productive tomato plant that offers up between ten and twenty ripe sweet tomatoes each day or say goodbye to several expensive and treasured roses. Like Scarlett in Gone With the Wind, I' ll think about that tomorrow.

Home delivery meal kits have been one of the bits of the pandemic: they have enabled diners to carry on getting a taste of restaurant-quality food, while helping restaurants to stay in business, and even make you an excellent chef. Here are four of the best offering delivery in our region:

Berenjak (berenjakbazaar. com)

"The kabab kits from this London-based Iranian restaurant—which range in price from £25 to £45—are a ‘class act'," says Jay Rayner in The Observer. "My kit even included a pair of plastic gloves for me to wear while dealing with the raw meat. This is the best kind of meal kit—the cooking is fun, and the finished product is utterly delicious."

Gujarati Rasoi (gujaratirasoi. co. uk)

"I love this vegetarian restaurant," says Marina O'Loughlin in The Sunday Times. "And its meal boxes are ‘electrifyingly good' too. Family boxes for four cost £65, and I especially love the starter(£

15.50). The dishes were complicated, yet quite easy to cook."

Lyle's (lylesprovisions. com)

"This Michelin-starred London restaurant delivers its ‘exquisitely delicious' menu boxes each Friday," says Candy Clay in The Daily Telegraph. "At £140 for two, they aren' t cheap, and with multiple courses, they do take a bit of work and concentration to cook."

Santo Remedio (santoremedio. co. uk)

"Order a Remedy kit from Santo Remedio and what you will get is an incredibly generous, sharing-style Mexican feast for two," says Anna Lawson on BBC's "Good Food". "The kits come with a choice of slow-cooked meat, accompanied by all the ingredients to make your own pancake. Preparation is simple, thanks to a color-coded instruction."

1. 参加人员;

2. 印象最深刻的项目;

3. 活动反响。

注意：

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An Unforgettable Sports Meet

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删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：

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2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

I still remember the day when I soon had to be faced for difficult exams. Sadly, I failed the practice test just the day before. I was in a terrible state, feeling hopeless but tired. Wandering around the campus, I saw masses of leaves of a ginkgo tree, forced me to forget about the exams and admire the naturally beauty. All of them, not one less, was shining together in the rising sun. I thought of me as a single leaf among others. When life seems hardly, there are many who stand with you. All what you need is to find your way out of those negative emotion and have a look around.

An art exhibition themed on the bird Zhuhuan is being held in Shanghai as part of efforts  (promote) the harmony between human and nature as well as communication between China, Japan and South Korea.

Zhuhuan is known as a (luck) bird in eastern culture. In 1981, only seven wild were found in Hanzhong of Shaanxi province which revealed the protection and breeding of the bird. China then (send) some birds to Japan and South Korea in the following few years, an act gifted the bird its nickname "friendship ambassador".

"People from the three countries have deep affection for the bird, which has become a symbol of (friend)," said Chen Jing, one of the (organize) of the event.

Since 1985, these birds from China have been settling down in Japan and South Korea. This has not only created conditions for the protection and rebuilding of the bird community in the two countries,  created the opportunity to build a new bridge to promote ecological civilization construction  (base) on the cooperation of the three countries.

A seminar of  same name was held on Saturday. During the event, experts from the three countries shared their experience and views on protecting the bird and bilateral cooperation.

Nothing seemed to be going well. We were 1 in rush-hour traffic. My 3-year-old son was singing along with Phil Collins from his seat. But I was not in the 2 to sing. My manager had just told me that, despite my 3 performance, he did not foresee giving me more responsibilities in the near future. The message really 4 me.

His decision planted a seed of5 . But I reminded myself that I'd already6 I could be, as a working mother, an7 scientist on a tight schedule. The past7 years had witnessed, as a part-time university8 , I'd made full use of every minute and won all my colleagues' respect. My work never9 the research team.

With little expectation, I10 the three senior managers. One did not respond. One had nothing to offer. The third invited me to chat. He11 listened to my story, and then told me I was12 to join him in building a vaccine research unit. I answered in13 that I knew nothing about vaccines. He said, "You will learn. You will make it."

A few 14 nights later, I decided to take a chance on the 15 . The worst thing to happen was that I would fail. But I already felt like a failure, so why not 16 ?

I soon discovered a new passion. My career path with the unit17 . I took on more18 , developed new skills, and led fantastic projects-all because of a19 that I'd felt forced on me. It20 me out of my comfort zone and further than I was willing to go.

The student life of late-night partying and studying can make a real impact on your energy levels. Your body and mind can be exhausted.  Fortunately, there are ways to deal with fatigue when you have to study.

Get lots of sleep during the weeks leading up to your exam. When you study, it is important to make sure your body and mind are adequately rested.  Get in bed at a proper hour to make sure you have enough sleep to get you through any upcoming study sessions.

 Many people think that exercising will make them more tired, but the opposite is actually true. Exercising significantly increases your energy levels. Try working out before you have to study to help stay awake.

Take a multivitamin to help you balance any minerals or vitamins.  When your body is not receiving enough vitamins or minerals you might be left feeling worn out. Take some to top up your stores.

Talk with your doctor if you cannot gather the energy and mental focus required to study. If you find yourself tired just reading, you might have an underlying problem like an iron shortage, lack of vitamin B12 or even a condition known as mononucleosis, which causes extreme exhaustion. 

If all these don't work, how about drinking a coffee or Red Bull?

A. You'd better avoid going out late.

B. Protect yourself from over-exercise.

C. Exercise to get your energy levels up.

D. You might be lacking them in your system.

E. It can be very hard to focus on your studies.

F. Maybe you've got minerals or vitamins more than enough.

G. Talk with professionals to get to the root of your problems.

It's an attractive idea: by playing online problem-solving, matching and other games for a few minutes a day, people can improve such mental abilities as reasoning, language skills and memory. But whether these games deliver on those promises is up for debate.

Now, in perhaps the biggest real-world test of these programs, Stojanoski, a cognitive (认知的) neuroscientist at Western University in Ontario, and colleagues tested more than 1,000 people who regularly use brain trainers against around 7,500 people who don't do the mini brain workouts.

The researchers involved 8,563 volunteers globally. Participants filled out an online questionnaire about their training habits, opinions about training benefits and which, if any, program they used. Some 1,009 participants reported using brain training programs for about eight months, on average, though the time length ranged from two weeks to more than five years. Next, the volunteers completed 12 cognitive tests assessing memory, reasoning and language skills. They faced memory exercises, spatial reasoning tasks such as mentally rotating objects and pattern-finding puzzles, and strategy challenges.

When researchers looked at the results, they saw that brain trainers on average had no mental ascendancy over the other group in memory, language skills and reasoning. Even among those who had used training programs for at least 18 months, brain training didn't increase thinking abilities above the level of people who didn't use the programs.

"No matter how we sliced the data, we were unable to find any evidence that brain training was associated with cognitive abilities," says Stojanoski, "brain training may be beneficial in specific situations, but part of our goal was to look at brain training in the real world."

That real world may be the best brain trainer, says Elizabeth Stine, a cognitive aging scientist at the University of Illinois. While it's possible to improve mental abilities, she advocates practicing those skills in different real-life situations. "That's a much better use of one's time than sitting at a computer and doing little tasks."

If he is in a tight spot, says Trouble Kalua, people mention his name, asking, "What do you expect?" Shortly before his birth in Malawi, his father had lost his job and income. Then the baby nearly died. "This boy is trouble," his father said. "His name is Trouble."

Across Africa names can have a story behind them. Yewande, for instance, is a Yoruba name meaning "mother has paid me a visit", given when an older female relative dies just before a girl is born. Kiptanui may suggest a difficult birth for mothers in Kenya.

But southern Africa stands out for nominative creativity, at least when it comes to English names. Ask Zimbabweans about their school friends and you will hear such a register: Lovemore, Hopewell, Innocence, Patience, Knowledge, Fortune, Brilliant, God Knows. A Malawian (himself Golden) lists friends named Goodfriday, Wisdom, Iron and BoyBoy.

Names reflect power and oppression. Under apartheid (种族隔离) in South Africa many black people took on English names, some under pressure from bosses too lazy to pronounce their real ones; others to avoid standing out in a system designed to rid black people of their history, dignity and identity. In Zimbabwe children were long given African names with meaning. This practice switched after British colonization, when having an English name was seen as a way of getting ahead.

Names may refer to circumstances around the birth, a quality parents see in the child, an ambition for them — or even for the country. Names, and the language they are in, reflect changing times, too. In Zimbabwe, whose economy is collapsing, one comes across people named No Money. In many places African names are replacing English ones.

Possibly names such as Salad Nthenda will become relics. The Malawian, whose mother ate lots of vegetables when pregnant, says his "name felt good from day one". He loves the "uniqueness". Although he is teased at times, he does not give a toss.