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Published in Information Systems Research, the study redefines "augmented learning" as a shared process where humans and AI adjust their roles together. Unlike traditional tools that just provide information, generative AI (GenAI) acts as an active collaborator. However, the research found that human-AI teams did not naturally become more creative over time. In fact, creativity often declined because teams stopped refining (改进) ideas and focused only on producing new ones.

The team conducted three studies involving hundreds of participants. They identified three collaboration types: humans proposing ideas, asking AI for ideas, and jointly refining them. Only the third method— joint refinement— significantly boosted creativity. Yet, participants rarely did this without instruction. When researchers clearly told participants to focus on exchanging feedback and improving existing concepts, creativity levels rose clearly.

Dr. Yeun Joon Kim, a co-author, noted, "We were surprised that things only got better when we purposely stepped in." The study suggests that organizations must provide structure, such as templates (模板) and workflows (工作流程), to help employees treat AI as a true partner. For example, tasks should be divided into stages: AI produces choices, while humans evaluate and refine them.

The authors warn that rushing to adopt GenAI without understanding how to collaborate effectively will not guarantee better results. Future research may explore specific training programs designed to teach these collaborative skills in various industries, ensuring that human-AI partnerships lead to stronger joint outcomes rather than just more content.

Professor Jennifer Burney from Stanford University studies this problem. She explains that school meals do more than just feed children. They provide essential nutrition for kids, who are especially vulnerable to hunger. Good nutrition helps children stay healthy, do better in school, and have better lives as adults. In the U. S., for every dollar spent on school meals, society gets about two dollars back in health and economic benefits.

However, climate change is threatening these benefits. Burney's research found that because of lower crop yields (产量) caused by climate change, school meal programs are serving at least one million fewer children than they could have. The average program only has about 35 cents to spend per child per day.

But Burney also sees opportunities. Governments buy huge amounts of food for these programs. If they choose to buy nutritious and climate-friendly foods, they can encourage farmers to grow crops in a more sustainable way. Simple farming methods, like keeping moisture (水分) in the soil, can help crops survive extreme weather. Burney's team estimates that if farmers used these methods, it would improve food production and allow programs to feed 8 million more children with the same budget.

These girls, sometimes very young, wear boys' clothes and act as males. This allows them to earn money, go to shops, and act as guardians for their mothers and sisters. By doing this, they help their families avoid trouble with the Taliban's morality police. For a while, these girls enjoy freedom that other Afghan girls do not have. They can play outside, talk to boys, and move freely in society.

However, this freedom is temporary and dangerous. When the girls grow older and their bodies change, they can no longer hide their gender. They are forced to return to life as women, which causes deep emotional pain. Many feel confused and depressed because they cannot adjust to the strict rules for women after living as boys. Also, while pretending to be boys, they still face risks like hard labor and abuse.

Experts say that bacha posh is not a real choice but a desperate way to survive. The Taliban treats women as less important than men, yet punishes those who try to escape these rules. Afghanistan women must choose between poverty, staying hidden at home, or risking their safety by pretending to be boys — a heartbreaking reality that reflects the impossible situation faced by countless families across the country.

Bodleian Libraries

The Bodleian Libraries, the university's main library system, includes the historic Bodleian Library (a legal deposit library for 400 years) and 30 other libraries across Oxford. Together, they hold over 12 million printed items, 80,000 e-journals, and special collections like rare books, manuscripts, and maps. The public can explore these online or visit exhibitions at the Weston Library.

Oxford University Libraries A-Z

The university hosts departmental and museum libraries, such as the History of Science Library and the Oxford University Museum of Natural History Library. More details can be found using the "Libraries A-Z" or "Subjects A-Z" indexes.

Finding resources

The SOLO search engine connects users to over 100 libraries and 8 million records. It offers services like the Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) and OxILP, providing easy access to subscription resources, whether on or off campus.

Digital projects and services

The Bodleian is actively developing new digital collections and services in collaboration with students, researchers, and staff. More information can be found in the "past or current projects" section.

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