相关试卷

Regardless of whether an athlete is playing backyard cricket or Olympic basketball, their playing environment holds important information that must be found, explained and then acted on. Research conducted at Western Sydney University finds skilled players are better at looking for and seeing the options and what's happening around them in the playing environment. They tend to look both at an opponent (对手) and at where they can move next. Less skilled players, however, might watch only one detail but not what is happening around them.

Skilled players are also often faster to make decisions compared to less skilled players; their experiences create more stored memories that help speed up their decision-making. Essentially, skilled players know what information is the most relevant to focus on and they act on it quickly.

Adding to this picture is new research that explores the negative impact of mental fatigue (疲劳) on physical performance. This work shows that our ability to exercise can be affected negatively after activities requiring long periods of thinking and mental effort, particularly when these activities are boring. It first considers the impact of using the brain so much that it makes you physically tired. This may be particularly relevant for coaches of young players shifting from the school day to training, especially if the day's lessons have been complex. Coaches should therefore map out appropriate strategies by considering the amount of information they provide for athletes and the complexity of the tasks and instructions.

Overall, cognitive (认知的) skills, like physical qualities, are key to high performance and even play a role in identifying future potential. Cognition could be a reliable marker of ability over time and could provide some basis for prediction of talent.

The free flow of traffic becomes unstable as the density (密集度) of cars increases on a highway. At 15 vehicles per mile per lane, one driver tapping their brakes can cause a constant wave of jam.

Katsuhiro Nishinari studies jamming transitions. His previous research had shown that foraging (觅食) ants can maintain their flow even at high densities. So what's their secret? In a recent study published in Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, researchers recorded Ochetellus ants on foraging trails and used traffic-engineering models to analyze their movement. They found that the ants don't jam because they travel in groups of 3 to 20 that move at nearly constant rates while keeping good distances between one another — and they don't speed up to pass others.

Human drivers at rush hour hardly tend to follow such rules. "We're maximizing the interests of individuals, which is why, at a given point, you start to have a traffic jam," says study co-author Nicola Pugno, who studies sustainable (可持续的) engineering at the University of Trento in Italy. But self-driving cars, if they one day become ubiquitous, could have more cooperative programming. In one vision of this future, autonomous vehicles would share information with nearby cars to optimize (优化) traffic flow — perhaps, the researchers suggest, by prioritizing (优先考虑) constant speeds and headways or by not passing others on the road.

This vehicle network would be similar to ants on a trail, which use smell to cooperate while interacting with one another. "There is no leader," but this organization appears anyway, says Noa Pinter Wollman, a behavioral scientist currently studying ants at the University of California, Los Angeles. And in both ant and vehicle traffic, this type of distributed system can be "very, very strong", Nishinari says.

Still, ants can do a lot of things that cars — even self-driving ones — can' t, Pinter   Wollman points out. Ants can make trails as wide as they like, unlike drivers stuck on highways. The insects do sometimes jam up when stuck in tunnels, but to keep things moving, "they'll find a way to walk on the ceiling," she says. Plus,unlike cars, ants don't crash; they can actually walk over one another.

Today's drivers can learn at least one thing from ants to avoid causing a traffic jam, Nishinari says: don't tailgate (追尾). By leaving room between their car and the one ahead of them, drivers can absorb a wave of braking in dense (密集的) traffic conditions. "Just keeping away," he says, can help traffic flow smoothly.

Modern civilization teaches us to conquer (征服) nature. We dam rivers, clear-cut forests, and force the land to bend to our will. Yet in this hidden valley, I understood the arrogance (傲慢) of this attitude. The towering trees stood as patient witnesses to countless human sillies; the rocks held secrets of centuries in their silent embrace (怀抱).

Scientists warn we've entered modern civilization — a time defined by human rule. But here, nature still ruled everything. When fog rolled in, all technology became useless. When winter came, even the most advanced equipment couldn't match the adaptations of the snowshoe hare (雪鞋兔) or the evergreen's waxy needles (蜡质针叶).

As I left the valley, a single raven (乌鸦) followed me to the tree line. Its knowing eyes seemed to ask: "When your concrete jungles collapse, who will remain — your kind or mine?" The question confuses me still, in the glow of my office, where the wild exists only as screensavers and corporate logos. True wilderness isn't just a place — it's the mirror that shows us our place in the grand scheme of life.

On a cold, damp evening in mid-November, a sharp wind cut through the streets, but Jack paid little attention to the chill. As a delivery rider, he had just finished a few smooth orders, his hands warm from the hot milk tea cups he'd been carrying, and his spirits fairly good. Stepping out of a milk tea shop, he found the spot where his second-hand electric bike had been parked now empty. In an instant, his heart sank, and a wave of hopelessness swept over him, turning his calm evening into a nightmare. That bike was far more than just a vehicle; it was his lifeline, the only way for him to earn daily income and cover his living expenses.

Panic set in as he remembered the undelivered orders — especially a cup of hot milk tea for Ms. White, a regular customer. His hand trembled as he pressed the voice button, his words laced with sorrow and anxiety as he apologized repeatedly, offering to pay for the undelivered drink. To his great surprise, Ms. White did not respond with anger or complaint, but with gentle kindness. Ms. White told him not to worry and to take his time finding his bike.

Her understanding words calmed him, but also deepened his sense of responsibility. "She is so kind. I cannot let her down," he thought. For nearly two hours, he searched every nearby street, but there was no sign of his bike. As night grew darker and the wind bit harder, Jack clenched his fists and made a firm decision. He took out his poor savings, bought a bag of fresh apples and a new cup of hot milk tea, then set off on foot to Ms. White's apartment, several kilometers away. The wind bit into his thin jacket, and his old shoes grew heavy with mud, but the thought of keeping his promise and maintaining his integrity kept him moving forward through the dimly lit urban landscape.

注意：

1．续写词数应为150个左右；

2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Finally, breathless, Jack reached Ms. White's doorstep and rang the bell.

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Deeply moved by Jack's action, Ms. White decided to share the story online that night.

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内容包括：

1. 活动的时间与地点；

2. 活动的过程；

3. 你的评论。

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We are planning to hold a dragon boat race Qu Yuan, an ancient poet.

All of us the beautiful scenery of Jiuzhaigou and are unwilling to leave.