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Next time you're having trouble solving a tricky puzzle, consider asking a nearby bumblebee.

A new study in the journal PLOS Biology finds that bumblebees can learn certain behaviors from each other, suggesting these social insects have a capacity for what we humans call "culture".

In the past couple of decades, a growing body of evidence has shown that animals like chimps and birds show behaviors of learning. If what they learn lasts for a long time, it turns into a tradition. And culture is made up of multiple traditions. "Bumblebees, though, have some of the most complex behavioral abilities, nobody's really thought to look at culture in such insects and generally assume they're mostly driven by inborn factors instead," says Alice Bridges, a behavioral ecologist at Anglia Ruskin University in England.

To prove them wrong, Bridges built a puzzle box, whose base held the reward: a drop of super sweet sugar water. The box was designed with a rotating (旋转) top that can be rotated by pushing either on a red tab clockwise or a blue tab anti-clockwise. Some bees were trained to push the red tab to get the sugar water while others pushed the blue one. Then, these tutor bees were placed inside different colonies (蜂群), along with the puzzle boxes.

The experiment ultimately played itself out. In colonies where the tutor bee had originally learned to push the red tab, the other bees in the colony usually pushed the red tab. In colonies where the tutor bee was trained to push the blue tab, their fellow bees also tended to do the same. In contrast, in the control groups without tutors, the bees sometimes learned how to open the boxes, but most of them would do it once or twice and then never again. "They perhaps hadn't quite made the link between their behavior and the reward," Bridges supposes.

"Many of us consider ourselves to be rather special…because we have culture, we can learn and weˈre social," Bridges says. "But now it turns out that even the bee also has culture, which is an uncomfortable truth: human culture, once thought unique, does not emerge 'out of the blue' but has obviously built on deep evolutionary foundations."

Anyone can be late a handful of times, but to be the person who is always late—that's an art, a frustrating art. Or, a side effect of your personality traits, scientists have found.

So what is it that causes some people to constantly miss trains, make it to the wedding just after the bride's shown up and regularly annoy their friends? And why is it so hard for us to fix it? "There are all sorts of punishments for being late, and the paradox is that we are late even when those punishments and consequences exist." said Justin Kruger, a social psychologist at New York University.

One of the commonest reasons why people are frequently late is that they fail to accurately judge how long a task will take—something known as the planning fallacy(谬误). Research has shown that people on average underestimate the time to complete a task by a significant 40 percent.

Another trait is that forever-late-comers are more likely to be multitaskers. In a 2003 study run by Jeff Conte from San Diego State University found that out of 181 subway operators in New York City, those who preferred multitasking were more often late for their job. This is because multitasking makes it harder to have the awareness of what you're doing. Conte also discovered there is a personality type that's more likely to be late. While highly strung(紧张不安), achievement-oriented Type A individuals are more possible to be punctual. Type B individuals, however, who are more laid-back(漫不经心), have a higher chance to be late.

Admittedly, knowing all of this doesn't necessarily help fix the problem. But scientists are starting to work on strategies that can slowly improve our punctuality. For people who constantly underestimate tasks, breaking down an activity into detailed steps can help people estimate how long something will take more accurately. As for your personality type, unfortunately, there isn't much you can do to change that. But accepting that you need to struggle for it may just help. Acceptance, after all, is the first step to change.

A young Dutch inventor is widening his effort to clean up floating plastic from the Pacific Ocean by moving into rivers, using his new floating machine to catch garbage before it reaches the seas.

On October 26, Boyan Slat presented his solar-powered device "Interceptor", which removes plastic from rivers as it floats past.

"We need to close the tap, which means preventing more plastic from reaching the ocean in the first place," he said, calling rivers "the arteries(动脉) that carry the trash from land to sea." Experts say 9 million tons of plastic waste, including plastic bottles, bags, and toys, flows annually into the ocean from rivers and streams, endangering life in the oceans.

The machine has a shaped nose to block away larger floating waste like tree trunks. It works by guiding plastic waste into an opening in its bow, a conveyor belt(转送带) then carries the trash into the machine where it is dropped into waste containers. It sends a text message to local operators who can come and empty it when it's full.

Three of the machines have already been put into practice in Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam. Malaysian government official lzham Hashim was present at the launch and said he was delighted to witness the project.

"It has been used for 2 months in the river and itˈs doing very well." Slat said. 1,000 rivers are responsible for some 80 percent of plastic pouring into the world's oceans. "I want to settle them all in the next five years. This is not going to be easy, but imagine if we do get this done," he told his enthusiastic supporters, "we'll truly make our oceans clean again."

Jan van Franeker of the Wageningen Marine Research Institute said the new machine looks promising. "They have finally moved toward the source of the litter," he said in a telephone interview. "The design, from what I can see, is awesome."

Since 2017, ARTogether has presented over 200 workshops, camps, events, and gathering spaces for immigrants to meet, connect, and build lasting connections in the community. Below are some of ARTogether's past and present community workshops and events.

Water-coloring Workshop

Organized in cooperation with Story Center, Water-coloring Workshop is a free online channel accessible to immigrants. These Zoom workshops are a creative space for participants to paint, chat, listen to music, and share stories.

Y(our) Legacy: A Printmaking Workshop

This is designed to give high school participants a creative practice towards their personal journey of self-acceptance and healing. Led by artist Sen Mendez, participants gather at Oakland International High School and are given ten small blocks to create a visual story about themselves.

Women's Craft Circle

ARTogether's longest-running workshop series, the Women's Craft Circle seeks to bring women together through the healing power of craft-making. In the Oakland Asian Cultural Center, participants are able to relax in a welcoming space, connecting through a love for art and shared experiences.

Expressive Art Class for Kids

At West Oakland Branch Library, kids aged 6-11 from immigrant backgrounds explore fun interactive activities such as free drawing, painting, and free dance that will let youth appreciate art without pressure or strict rules. In each class, activity leaders follow the principle of guiding, not telling, which creates a stress-free environment that encourages creativity.

I grew up in a small town where the primary school was a ten-minute walk from my house. When the noon bell rang, I would race breathlessly home. My mother would be standing at the top of the stairs, smiling down at me.

One lunchtime when I was in the third grade will stay with me always. I had been picked to be the princess in the school play, and for weeks my mother had rehearsed (排练) my lines so hard with me. But no matter how easily I acted at home, as soon as I stepped onstage, every word disappeared from my head. Finally, my teacher took me aside. She explained that she had written a narrator's (旁白的) part to the play, and asked me to change roles. Her words, kindly expressed, still hurt, especially when I saw my part go to another girl.

I didn't tell my mother what had happened when I went home for lunch that day. But she sensed my pain. Instead of suggesting we practice my lines, she asked if I wanted to walk in the yard.

It was a lovely spring day and the rose vine (藤蔓) was turning green. Under the huge trees, we could see yellow dandelions (蒲公英) in the grass in bunch, as if a painter had touched our landscape with gold. I watched my mother casually bend down by one dandelion. "I think I'm going to dig up all these weeds," she said, pulling it up by its roots. "From now on, we'll have only roses in this garden."

"But I like dandelions," I protested. "All flowers are beautiful-even dandelions."

My mother looked at me seriously. "Yes, every flower gives pleasure in its own way, doesn't it?" She asked thoughtfully. I nodded, pleased that I had won her over. "And that is true of people too," she added. "Not everyone can be a princess, but there is no shame in that." Relieved that she had guessed my pain, I started to cry as I told her what had happened. She listened and smiled.

注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。

Paragraph 1

"But you will be a beautiful narrator," she said, encouraging and comforting me as usual.

Paragraph 2

After the play, I took home the flower.

注意：1.写作词数应为80左右。2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

A Skating Race

Physical activity is shown to lessen the effects of aging the brain. Experts say that dancing is great at involving all the brain functions at the same time—from musical and kinesthetic (运动的), to rational and (emotion). Dancing pumps blood to the brain, giving it the glucose and oxygen needed to function well. Sois of great benefit to do this great activity. Dancing increases neural (神经的) connectivity—therefore making you the smarter person you have always hoped you would be.

Parking at the Alzheimer's center where my mother-in-law lived, we were ready to visit her. I glanced at my 11-year-old son, Joel, who was totally 1 in the photo album he had insisted on bringing along.

Joel has autism (自闭症), and although I had 2 him that his grandma couldn't remember things the way she used to and might not be as interested in the 3 as he was, I couldn't be sure if he completely understood my words.

"See Grandma!" he shouted at the top of his voice. 4 the album, he jumped out of the car and up to the building entrance. We finally got to grandma's room. She was 5 with the door open. "Grandma Barb," he said 6 . "Pictures." She awoke, and I saw 7 in her eyes. "Who is this little boy?" They seemed to ask. However, not 8 , Joel climbed into her lap and opened up his photo album. A sign of a 9 appeared on her face. He pointed to pictures of his father and me, identifying us. He 10 to his brother. "Poco!" he exclaimed. Now the smile became laughter. Mom's laughter didn't bother Joel. He knew his grandmother was happy, and that was 11 for him.

I'd been worried about Joel understanding what was 12 his grandmother when really I was the one who needed to understand. I feel 13 for the mother-in-law I had known. He loved the grandma who was here now.

I thanked God for the 14 of this moment. Then I pulled up a chair next to them and 15 in the joy of it with them — Let's seize the present and live it to the fullest.

Developing a positive attitude through positive thinking is good for both your physical and mental health. Understandably, it's not always possible to keep positive during certain situations, but it is possible to develop the skills to have positive thinking.

Surround yourself with positive people

Being around people who always see the bad side of something will only make you feel bad. It's hard to be negative when everyone around you is positive!

Learn to deal with negative thoughts

To become a successful positive thinker you'll need to learn to know the negative words you tell yourself. Words such as never and always are known to carry a negative mental effect. Instead of telling yourself, "I always make mistakes", change your words to, "I make mistakes sometimes but I always learn from them."

Set goals

It's much easier to be positive when you have set goals in mind. Setting goals will help you to deal with the difficulties.

Take responsibility for your actions

 They seldom made many complaints when coming across hard times. Accepting responsibility for your actions will help keep you thinking positively and prevent you from accusing others without any reason.

Look for positive information

Reading positive information about being successful in life can help you work towards becoming a positive thinker. It's a wonderful way to start and finish each day!

Making decisions to change your way of thinking—from negative to positive—is a very effective step to ensuring success in your life. Surround yourself with other like-minded people, and you'll gain all the rewards of a happy life.

A. Don't make some complaints.

B. One of the secrets to successful people is that they take responsibility for their behavior.

C. It's necessary for you to learn how to deal with negative words.

D. By learning how to make positive thinking easy, you'll benefit a lot!

E. Being around positive people, on the other hand, will affect you in a positive way.

F. Spend a little time every day reading something that encourages you to think positively.

G. It's hard to become a positive thinker if your mind is always annoyed with negative thoughts.

You get anxious if there's no WiFi in the hotel or mobile phone signal up the mountain. You feel upset if your phone is getting low on power and you secretly worry things will go wrong at work if you're not there. All these can be called "always on" stress caused by smartphone addiction.

For some people, smartphones have set them free from the nine­to­five work. Flexible working has given them more control over their working lives and enabled them to spend more time with their friends and families. For many others though, smartphones have become cruel masters in their pockets, never allowing them to turn them off and relax.

Pittsburghbased developer Kevin Holesh was worried about how much he was ignoring his family and friends in favor of his iPhone. So he developed an app — Moment — to monitor his usage. The app enables users to see how much time they're spending on the device and set up warnings if the usage limits are broken."Moment's goal is to promote balance in your life," his website explains. "Some time on your phone, some time off it enjoying your loving family and friends around you."

Dr Christine Grant, an occupational psychologist at Coventry University, said, "The effects of this ‘always on' culture are that your mind is never resting, and you're not giving your body time to recover, so you're always stressed. And the more tired and stressed we get, the more mistakes we make. Physical and mental health can suffer."

And as the number of connected smartphones is increasing, so is the amount of data. This is leading to a sort of decision paralysis (瘫痪) and is creating more stress in the workplace because people have to receive a broader range of data and communications which are often difficult to manage. "It actually makes it more difficult to make decisions and many do less because they're controlled by it all and feel they can never escape the office," said Dr Christine Grant.

Efforts were underway in Bangladesh to deliver food and drinking water to millions of people struggling after a heavy rain led to flooding, which hit a quarter of the country. There are around 3.5 million Bangladeshis at risk of river flooding every year according to a 2015 report by the World Bank.

On Wednesday, at least 17 of the country's 64 districts (地区), mostly in the northern and north-eastern Sylhet, were suffering from the natural disaster. Government officials said at least 36 people had been killed and about 4.5 million people stuck so far. The floods also caused damage to agriculture (农业), electricity, and clean water supply.

Sylhet is among the worst affected, with several areas without electricity. "Many people are in great need of food and drinking water," said Enam Ahmed, 45, living in the worst-hit Sunmaganj district. "There is water everywhere but no drinking water. Flood shelters are filled with people but they are not getting enough food," he said.

The situation in Bangladesh has been worsened by rain water falling down from the surrounding hills of India's Meghalaya state, which received more than 970 mm (38 inches) of rain on Sunday, according to a government report.

"The flood situation in the three Barak valley districts continues to be very serious. Army rescuers have evacuated thousands of trapped people to safe places. 14 rescue teams with more than 70 boats and over 400 men have been pressed into action in the heavily flooded districts," said a local flood control official. About 5.5 million people have been displaced, about 3.7 million of whom are staying in government-run temporary (临时的) shelters on higher ground.

Locals in the flood-affected areas said they had never seen such serious floods before.

One night Peter received a call from his social worker asking, "Can you take in an 11-year-old boy just for the weekend?" It was just a few days after he had said goodbye to two brothers he was fostering（收养）, so he told the social worker that his heart was deeply saddened by the loss of the two boys that had just been reunited with their birth parents. Peter thought he didn't have enough energy left to care for another child at the moment. But the worker convinced him.

The social worker arrived at his home with the boy at 6 am after driving five hours from another county. There is a huge shortage of foster families in Oklahoma so when a child enters the foster care system, social workers are often forced to place the children outside of the county of origin, often removing the child from the only place he or she has ever known. Add in the fact that older children are much more difficult to place.

Peter asked why Anthony, the boy, was in foster care. Then he knew that the boy had been abandoned(抛弃）by his mother when he was 2. He was then placed with a family. But almost ten years later, the family abandoned him at the hospital. Peter was shocked," It's like my life!"

The two have been together ever since. And on the 12th of November, Anthony finally got to share Peter's last name officially. However, Peter didn't stop fostering kids. "It's hard to be a single foster dad but it's worth every minute of it. We are about to have another child next month and we are excited."

The ancient village of Machu Picchu is one of the most popular tourist destinations in South America. It's in Peru, high in the Andes Mountains, 8, 000 feet above sea level.

The village contains 200 buildings. Houses are in groups, and each house has a large courtyard inside its walls. The Incas(印加人) used the areas outside the groups of houses to grow corn and potatoes and to raise animals. The Incas were very good at building strong walls. Visitors to Machu Picchu still cannot fit a knife between the stones of a village home.

Machu Picchu seemed to be a healthy, busy village. So why was it lost? That is a mystery, but experts have some ideas. Machu Picchu was hard to reach. Few people outside the village knew about it. Experts think that many residents died of disease. Others fought a war. The survivors left the village.

The tourists are good for Peru's economy, but they are not good for Machu Picchu. The village is old and fragile. Tourists damage the ruins. Thousands of footsteps from visitors wear down the walkways in the village. Salt and oil from people's hands damage the walls. Air pollution from buses hurts the stones. Tourists do not want to damage the village, but they want to see this beautiful, ancient place.

The Peruvian government and conservation groups are trying to solve the problem. A group from the United Nations wants to limit the number of tourists each year. They also want cars and buses to use cleaner fuel.

注意：1.词数100左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头已给出，不计入总词数。

A recent survey shows that 

Exercise is one of the most important (part)of keeping your body at a healthy weight. We also know that staying fit and healthy is very vital. Exercise can help prevent weight gain. If you can't afford to pay the gym visit every day, don't worry—just become active throughout the day.

When you exercise(regular), you are in better chances of (improve)your mood(心情). It can also increase your confidence. Besides, it will better your appearance, means your body will be in good shape. Regular exercise is also good physical fitness and good health. Apart from weight control, exercise can also delay your aging process.

you don't exercise, your muscles will become very weak. Also, your heart and lungs might not(function) as well and you are more likely to get injured. Inactivity is as much of a health risk as smoking.

Make sure that an exercise plan (make), so you can know when and what you should do. However, don't over-exercise yourself because doing too much exercise on a daily basis will have(harm)results.

Our oldest daughter, Christy, told us she was running away. In disbelief, my wife, Cathy, and I stared at each other, at a loss for words. When she started 1 her suitcase, we knew she was serious. Her action left us 2 —after all, Christy was only six. We didn't know whether to laugh or cry.

Our daughter 3 she was moving to Julia's house across the street. My wife gave Julia's mother a 4 , telling her what was happening. Then, with mixed feelings, we watched Christy cross the street. Julia's mother waited outside the door to 5 her. A few hours later, Julia's mom 6 Christy it was Monday night and that our family always drove to the Golden Spoon for frozen yogurt. It was a tradition 7 by my threes girls—including our little Christy. To our 8 , she called and asked if she could go. A joyous 9 .

The yogurt run was part of our family identity. Even the neighbours knew our 10  visit to the Golden Spoon. Our three daughters are now grown-up, but we 11  visit the Golden Spoon as always. Its yogurt is still delicious. Our family 12  are kept strong by one of those simple activities.

At some point, 13  will come to every family. But when you build a strong family identity 14  , there will be no doubt that your family can 15  whatever winds and rains coming your way. Not surprisingly, a strong family identity will give your kids solid foundations to count on during those difficult times.

If you need to interview someone for an article but you have never interviewed before, it can be frightening. Here are some tips for preparing for and conducting a successful interview.

 If the person is a known author or speaker, take the time to read or listened to his/her work, or at least get familiar with his/her most recent or most important work. If the interview will cover events, review whatever is known publicly about those events.

Being a recording device(录音设备). You can use your phone or an audio recorder. In this way you needn't struggle to write things down. And this will make it easier to include direct quotes when you start writing.

Remember to make it a conversation rather than a list of questions. Prepared questions are just a guideline. . You can also try to ask your interviewee about his/her personal thoughts and reactions to events and people they deal with.

Appropriate feedback(反馈) is also important. Feel free to say words that show you are listening, like "yeah" and "Mmmm". You can also give more facial feedback like smiling.

If the interviewee changes suddenly from one line of thought to another, lead them back to the area you are focusing on. Guide the interview but don't keep interrupting with many questions.

A. Politely ask if you can interview them.

B. Do your homework before you pick up the phone.

C. Then you can focus all your attention on the interview.

D. Consider how all the questions can be asked in a short time.

E. Nodding your head can be an encouragement to the interviewee.

F. In order to get the information you need, you should guide the interview.

G. You can try to ask questions based on what they have said to you in previous responses.

A robotic police dog is being used to look for high body temperatures in homeless people at a temporary shelter in Hawaii's capital, Honolulu. The effort is one way public safety agencies are starting to use the commercial robot Spot. Spot can move like an animal and can walk over almost anything a person can. But people concerned about privacy（隐私）warn that the police are quickly buying the robots without safeguards against misuse and that it may become a danger to people's privacy.

In Honolulu, the police department spent about $150, 000 in pandemic（疫情）ad money to buy their Spot. It was bought from Boston Dynamics for use at a government homeless shelter near the airport to look for high body temperatures between mealtimes. Supervisor Joseph O'Neal of the Honolulu Police Department sad, "Because these people are houseless, it's considered OK to do that. "The New York Police Department started using Spot after painting it blue and renaming it "Digidog". However, Spot received attention and criticism that led the police department to return Digidog to 1ts maker.

Michael Perry is the vice president of Boston Dynamics. He sand the company's usage guidelines impede the robot's use as a weapon. It is also not supposed to be used for anything that would go against privacy or civil rights laws.

There are about 500 Spot robots In use. Spot is still mostly controlled by humans. All the operators have to do is tell Spot which direction to go n and t can deal with a difficult path, like steps. It can also operate on its own, but only f it has memorized a path and there are not any surprises Jongwook Kim, the legal director at the American Civil Liberties Union of Hawaii, sand they are used by companies to inspect areas with dangerous levels of electricity and also used in building sites, mines and factories. Kim sand that there might be some good uses for such machines but opening the door for police robots to work with the public is probably not a good idea.

The number of weather-related disasters has increased by five times over the past 50 years, the latest report by the World Meteorological (气象) Organization (WMO) said on September. However, thanks to improved early warning systems and disaster management, the number of death from these hazards has been almost three times less.

According to the WMO, from 1970 to 2019, weather, climate and water hazards accounted for 50 percent of all disasters. Among the top 10 hazards that led to the largest loss of human life during this period were droughts, storms, floods and extreme temperatures. However, deaths fell from over 50,000 in the 1970s to less than 20,000 in the 2010s.

"Weather, climate and water extremes are increasing and will become more frequent and severe in many parts of the world as a result of climate change," says WMO Secretary-General Petteri Taalas.

"That means more heat waves, drought and forest fires such as those we have observed recently in Europe and North America. We have more water vapor in the atmosphere, which is worsening extreme rainfall and deadly flooding. The warming of the oceans has affected the frequency and area of existence of the most intense tropical storms."

"Economic losses are increasing as exposure increases. But behind the statistics lies a message of hope. Improved multi-hazard early warning systems have led to a significant reduction in deaths. Quite simply, we are better than ever before at saving lives," Taalas said.

Last fall, I went to New York for sightseeing. I visited many tourist attractions there, and I also saw many unfortunate citizens on the street, like beggars and homeless folks.

Standing outside the Metropolitan Museum of Art, I heard a voice ask, "Can you do me a favor?" When I turned around, I saw an elderly blind woman with her hand extended out. Naturally, I reached into my pocket for some change immediately and placed it in her hand without even looking at her. I was really annoyed at being bothered by a beggar. What I only thought at that moment was to send her away.

But the blind woman said with a warm smile on her face, "I don't want your money. I just need you to show me the way to the subway entrance."

In an instant, I realized what I had done just now. Her unexpected words took me by surprise and shame. I had acted with prejudice ——I'd judged another person simply for what I assumed she had to be. I felt ashamed of myself and couldn't face the old woman anymore. And I felt small beside her.

The incident reminded me that I believed in being humble, even though I had lost that belief for a moment. The thing I had forgotten about myself is that I am an immigrant. I left Honduras and arrived in the U. S. at the age of 15. Through the years, I have experienced many acts of prejudice. I remember a time at the age of 17 when I was a busboy, I heard a father tell his little boy that if he did not do well in school, he would end up like me. But now, living my American middle-class lifestyle, it is too easy to forget who I am and where I have been, and to lose sight of where I want to go. It is the blind woman who cured me of my blindness.