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"Choose your friends wisely" may not only be good parental advice but also a way to do better in college, a research study finds. Researchers prove that students who befriend studious peers spend more hours studying themselves and post higher grades during their freshman year.

It's important to clarify that having smart friends isn't as important as having studious friends in this study. The researchers didn't find that friends' grades mattered. What influenced a student's college grades were his or her friends' high school study habits. To be sure, students with higher grades tend to have better study habits.

They also found that, for every additional 10 hours a week that a student's friends had spent studying in high school, on average, the student's own study time in college would likely increase by almost 25 minutes a day, and the student's own GPA (Grade Point Average) would likely rise by almost a tenth of a point during freshman year. Almost identical results are among freshman roommates randomly assigned by the college, which confirms that peers are actually influencing study habits and echoing the friendship analysis. The researchers controlled for gender, race and prior academic achievement and found that the positive influence of studious peers was similar for both high achieving and low achieving students.

The difference between a B and B+ average is 

0.3 points, so studious friends are only nudging grades up a bit. That means peers are just one of many factors influencing how well students do in college. So should we encourage parents to pick their kids, friends in college? "This is one outcome-GPA．There are other things in life, said Mehta who admits to selecting studious friends when he was in college.

A study revealed that, in most occasions, the outcome on a given task can be improved when two people have helped each other instead of working on their own. As early as 1624 John Donne has already popularized the phrase "No man is an island". And this is especially true, be it in the workplace, in doing scientific research, or working in events. One of the benefits of cooperation is that people can pool together their skills and wisdom towards a common aim. Because of this, they have a higher chance of being more successful.

Teamwork promotes diversity. The very nature of teamwork requires a group of people from various backgrounds to come together and share their thinking.  This level of diversity generates cultural understanding, increased communication through collective knowledge of approaches and a larger resource of opinions.

 Working within a team helps us to create an environment which inspires collective knowledge, resources and skills. Consequently, this allows us to pick some ideas and to reflect on our own way of thinking. Teamwork also encourages self-improvement because it helps us to expand our horizons and make better use of our own intrinsic capabilities. And since self-improvement helps us in seeking better ways to perform our role within a team, it improves both the efficiency and productivity of the team as a whole.

Completion of task becomes easy. Each member has unique skills to help with the project. For example, you may ask one person to do research, another to take charge of social media marketing, and another to look after delivery. Teamwork can get the most of each person's strengths.

 For instance, tackling about climate change by researchers who come from different disciplines (学科) could potentially lead to ground-breaking researches. In the traditional research world, one researcher pursued a theme over several decades. However, academia is fostering a fresh research culture, whereby academic works advance through the creation of interdisciplinary research.

A．Teamwork encourages healthy competition.

B．It promotes peer learning and self-improvement.

C．So a task can be assigned based on a person's skills and expertise.

D．There are many benefits we can gain out of teamwork and cooperation.

E．The seeds of creativity and innovation spring from the exchange of ideas.

F．As a result, different opinions and problem-solving methods can be formed.

G．Cooperation has several benefits including shared risk, resources and knowledge.

After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together. 

Together, these deep human urges（驱策力）count for much more than ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, "Why? Why? Why?"

Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don't have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them. 

"The great man," said Mencius（孟子）, "is he who does not lose his child's heart." Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.

Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake. 

How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn't arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. Now she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.

One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven't any special ability? Most people don't; there are only a few geniuses. You haven't any time? That's good, because it's always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom's Cabin while cooking. You're too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.

However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you'll never be more alive than you are at this moment.

Infectious diseases and associated deaths have reduced, but they remain a significant threat throughout the world. Infectious diseases outbreaks and the fear and panic that accompany them present various economic risks. 

First, there are costs to the health system, both public and private, of medical treatment of the infected and of outbreak control. Concern over the spread of a relatively contained outbreak can lead to decreased trade. Travel and tourism to regions affected by outbreaks are also likely to decline. Some long-running outbreaks, such as HIV, prevent foreign direct investment. 

The economic risks are large. It is estimated that the expected yearly cost of infectious diseases is at roughly $500 billion. Even when the health impact of an outbreak is relatively limited, its economic consequences can quickly become expanded. Liberia, for example, saw GDP growth decline 8 percentages from 2013 to 2014 during the Ebola outbreak in Africa.

The risk is complex, but policymakers have tools in response.

Investing in improved health care, supply of clean water, and better health systems can reduce the frequency of human contact with viruses. Investment in reliable disease monitoring in both human and animal populations is also critical. Within formal global watch systems, instead of discouraging reporting possible outbreaks, it may be beneficial to develop incentives for reporting suspected cases, as countries may reasonably fear the effects of such reporting on trade, tourism, and other economic outcomes. Informal monitoring systems, social media for example, which collect information from official reports, media reports, online discussions, and eyewitness observations, can also help national health systems and international responders get ahead of the outbreak news during the early stages. Cooperations for monitoring infectious diseases readiness at the national level provide information national governments can use to react timely to their outbreaks.

There is a significant market failure when it comes to vaccines (疫苗) against individual low-probability viruses that collectively are likely to cause panic. Given the low probability that any single vaccine of this type will be needed, high Research and Development (R&D) costs, and delayed returns, medical companies hesitate to invest in their development. However, responsible international corporations such as CFPI can overcome this market failure. Its goals include advancing candidate vaccines against specific low-probability, high-severity viruses through proof of concept to enable rapid clinical testing in the event of outbreaks. It also aims to fund development of institutional and technical platforms to speed R&D in response to outbreaks for which there are no vaccines.

Undoubtedly, humans and infectious viruses will coexist. However, we can take effective measures to manage the risk of the diseases. Joint action now at the local, national, and multinational levels can go a long way toward protecting our collective well-being in the future.

Recycling Electronic Waste

When Alex Lin was 11 years old, he read an alarming article in the newspaper which said that people were burying old computers in backyards, throwing TVs into streams, and dumping (丢弃) cell phones in the garbage. This was dangerous because e-waste contains harmful chemicals that can leak into the environment, getting into crops, animals, water supplies — and people.

Alex was really worried and decided to make it next project for WIN—the Westerly Innovations Network. Alex and six of his friends had formed this organization to help solve community problems two years before.

But what could they do about this project with e-waste? The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans. They learned how to dispose (处置) of e-waste properly and how it could be recycled. Then, they sent out a survey and found only one in eight knew what e-waste was, let alone how to properly dispose of it.

Alex and his friends went into action. They advertised in the local newspaper and distributed notices to students, asking residents to bring their unwanted electronics to the school parking lot. The drive lasted two days, and they collected over 9, 500 kilograms of e-waste.

The next step was to set up a long-term e-waste drop-off center for the town. After some research, they'd learned that reusing is the best way to deal with electronic devices and it is seven times more efficient than recycling. So, they began learning to refurbish (翻新) computers themselves and distributed them to students who didn't have their own. In this way, they could help students in the area and protect the environment at the same time.

For a lasting solution to e-waste, the drop-off center wasn't enough. Laws would have to be passed. In 2016, WIN helped push for an e-waste bill in their town, which required companies that manufactured or sold electronics to take back e-waste. The bill clearly forbids the dumping of e-waste.

Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about safe disposal of e-waste. As Alex says, "Today's technology should not become tomorrow's harmful garbage."

You may have seen the term ""bullet journal"floating around online, but what exactly is a bullet journal? This article will highlight the uses for a bullet journal and why they're great for people who wish to be more organized.

What is a bullet journal?

A bullet journal is a planner system which allows you to plan for the future, track the past and keep your life organized with lists separated by bullet points. It is a place for you to create clear, yet simple to-do lists and a place to keep a note of your life goals and aspirations.

What does it help with?

A bullet journal is perfect for people who like writing lists to keep themselves organized. They're great for doing as a hobby and you can get creative with the way you present your lists. They're also perfect for people who constantly write down to-do lists or make hand-written notes.

Why is it important?

A bullet journal is important because we all feel better when our life is organized. Organization can reduce stress and make you happier. Having your life in order, you will know exacdy what you have to do every day so that you can remember all of your life goals.

How to create a bullet journal?

The instructions will help you embark on your bullet journal.

Step 1. Find or buy a blank notebook

Any notebook with blank pages will do because if you are someone who is creative and artistic, you can decorate the notebook any way you like.

Step 2. Find or buy pens

It's best to start off simple and choose a pen that you find easy to use and that you would feel comfortable writing with every day.

Step 3. Monthlies

In this section, you can put a list of important dates for that particular month.

Step 4. Dailies and Weeklies

Put all of your daily or weekly tasks in this section so that you don't forget anything that you have to do during that day or week.

Step 5. Life Goals

Keep a life goals section. This can include different collections of goals, such as career, relationships, places you wish to visit and so on.

Now start your bullet journal!

When we go outdoors in winter, cold wind gets through our clothes, (hit) our body parts fiercely. Then we may feel cold. How do we feel cold? Actually human skin is filled with temperature-sensing nerve receptors named TRPs, which receive stimuli (刺激) from the environment. (sense) the cold, the brain uses one of the receptors (感受器) called TRPM8. When the TRPM8 is hit by stimuli, it will send an electric signal to the brain, understands the signal as "cold".

Oil dominates every aspect our life. It fuels our cars, and it is used in the production of our plastic goods and the electricity for our homes and factories. Moreover, it can even  (find) in the fertilizer for the soil in which our food grows. Oil makes nations  (extreme) wealthy, while shortages of oil can bring economies to their knees. In short, this black and sticky substance has been running  (we) world.

Standing on the shore of a lake, I couldn't help admiring the hundreds of small rocks that (surround) my shoes. All created from hard surfaces, the rocks softened over time. And I was wondering we could learn from a pile of rocks. Once I was a sharp rock that was covered with pointy edges, and now I have found my attitudes have softened and my desire to understand others (expand) with time.

I've been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years. I use a small tractor to get about. My dog Don always sits beside me in the passenger seat.

One morning I 1  a lost lamb when I was in the top field, near where a motorway cuts through my land. The lamb had become separated from its mother, so I jumped out of the tractor to tend to it while Don stayed in his seat.

Lamb and mother 2 . I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. This was so 3  because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out. Obviously, Don had somehow made the 4  move.

My heart froze in my chest as I saw the tractor heading towards the 5 . I ran desperately but failed to 6 . It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared. The last thing I saw was Don's face, looking calmly back at me.

Heart in mouth, I reached the fence and looked over. The tractor was 7 against the crash barrier in the central reservation, having miraculously (奇迹般地) crossed the 8 road with fast-flowing traffic. I couldn't see Don, but as I 9 the tractor, he jumped out onto the road, apparently unhurt and raced back to me. Don was given a special 10 that night — I didn't want him to think I was angry with him.