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American teens are seen as "in a state of disaster". A report released last week paints a deeply disturbing of the mental health of high students.

 more than 17, 000 teens conducted in a survey in 2021, 42 percent said they experienced the  of sadness or hopelessness. The issue is  more widespread than in a  survey in 2011, and girls are dramatically worse. A  of girls — 57 percent — reported persistent despair,  with 29 percent of boys.

Nearly 1 3 girls seriously considered suicide (up from 19 percent in 2011), and 13 percent say they attempted it in the . "What caused this?" The CDC offered definitive answers, but consider has happened over the past decade. "Instagram was released in late 2010. TikTok in 2016." Soon , 90 percent of teen girls reported using social every day. These apps, create more "social comparison, social pressure, and peer interactions," with teens measuring their self-worth — or lack of it — in likes and followers. Then in 2020 Covid-19 the picture.

its root causes this epidemic of hopelessness should considered "a national crisis". Did the reopening of schools and social spaces this year help teens' suffering? The CDC survey comes out only every other year, so we'll have to wait to out.

注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Sir/Madam,

……

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

Strengthening Your Core

If there's one indication that someone is fit, it's a tight and lean stomach. Men and women alike hope that eating right and putting in hard work at the gym will earn them a perfect six pack. Unfortunately, the opposite is also true. The rising popularity of fast food has led to an increase in obesity rates and waistlines around the globe. If someone is out of shape you will notice the extra kilograms around their midsection. In both cases, a person's core muscles seem to tell a lot about their fitness and eating habits.

Many people associate the core with just the stomach area, but science actually defines it as our body without arms and legs. Although many people want a solid core to look good, the development of these muscles affects many areas of our lives. In athletics and general life for that matter, we all rely on our core muscles heavily to get things done. Studies have shown that athletes that build a powerful core foundation aren't injured as much. Meanwhile, the benefits for ordinary people may be even greater. They use their core muscles for nearly every task they do. This includes picking things up, sitting in a chair, or tying our shoes. Our core muscles provide stability, so we can keep our balance and easily move in any direction. If we neglect them, life can become much more difficult.

As a result, we should always consider our core muscles when designing our workouts. However, if you've been inactive for years, performing thousands of repetitions will probably get you injured. Instead, start off slowly and gradually build up your numbers. An excellent exercise for both beginners and advanced exercisers is the plank. You simply get in an extended pushup position as if you have just finished a rep. Maintain this position, but place the weight on your forearms instead of your hand. Then, hold the position as long as you can. You should feel your core muscles working hard to help your hands and support the weight of your body. In the beginning you may only be able to hold it for a few seconds but keep at it. The Guinness World Record for abdominal planking is three hours and seven minutes!

Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. .

One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories.  We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing(加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear. 

Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 

Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 percent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.

If Tononi's theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night's sleep, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information—our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.

Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. "You keep what matters." Tononi says.

A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.

B. It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.

C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.

D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.

E. That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.

F. "Sleep is the price we pay for learning," says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.

G. Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.

Hollywood's theory that machines with evil(邪恶的)minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论)，put it this way: "If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预)，we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire."

A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So, if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.

The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.

Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in Al seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some Al researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams--yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just "switch them off" as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent Al will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, "Anyone who expect a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine." However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导)nuclear chain reaction.

Measles(麻疹)，which once killed 1450 children each year and disabled even more , was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.

The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called "herd immunity", which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can't be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn't work.

But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.

That's exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.

The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who re- fuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.

Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加)of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption (豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.

Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.

Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they'll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.        

Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.

One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.

In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.

The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.

The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon for forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.

Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees' nest and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper—a little bird called a honey guide.

The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax in the beehives. The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees' nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share.

Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.

Globalization is the connection of different parts of the world. The process of globalization is very controversial. Many people say globalization will help people communicate. Aid agencies can respond more quicklya natural disaster. Advanced medicines are more easily and widely available to people who may not have been able to afford them. Globalization (increase) the number of students studying abroad over the past few years. some people worry that Western culture will destroy local cultures around the world. What they fear is that everyone will end up (eat) hamburgers and pizza.

I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life. (dark) would make him more appreciatively of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound. I who am blind can give one hint to thosesee: Use your eyes as if tomorrow you would be stricken blind. And the same method can (apply) to the other senses. But of all the senses, I am sure that sight must be the most delightful.

Thomas Gainsborough was an 18th-century English painter. One of his works, (title) A Portrait of a Young Gentleman, is finally returning to England after 100 years. It will be showing at the National Gallery in London from January to March 2022. Painted in approximately 1770, the painting was nicknamed The Blue Boy because it shows a young boy (wear) a striking blue outfit. the major newspapers at the time said is that the painting was "the world's most beautiful picture".

A Very Special Special Olympian

I am thankful to this day that I signed up volunteering in this Special Olympics event. If I had missed the event, I would have missed one of the most unforgettable moments that I have ever1 .

Standing at the finish line, I was able to witness many amazing efforts and close races. I was most impressed by the effort each athlete put into his or her event. What also impressed me was the sincere2 each athlete expressed while participating though sometimes the joy of participating in a sporting event can get3 in the fierce competition of winning and losing.

Then an amazing moment happened right before my eyes. A group of athletes were4 up to run a short race. One of them was in a wheelchair, a little girl with a5 smile. The gun sounded. They were off. Runners sped up in the track with all their might. There she was, pumping her arms with all the6 she had. Her efforts were getting little result, but that did not stop her. I noticed as she got closer that she also had an injured arm. But that did not stop this bright star. The race was long over7 the young athlete kept pumping her arms. As she finally8 the finish line, the noise of the crowd was thunderous. There I stood cheering, with tears falling down my cheeks.

After all these years, I can still hear those cheers. I grew up a lot that day because of the9 of that little girl in the wheelchair. I was10 that day of a poem from a book that states, "Whatever you do, do it with all your might."

要求：不要逐字逐条翻译，可以适当增加细节，词数100左右。

First, I had to think very carefully about which courses I wanted to take .The school adviser helped me choose the ones: math, English, chemistry, world history, and Chinese. I know that Chinese is a very difficult language ,but I hope to be when I . My adviser that I should sign up for literature because I like English and I'm good at it.

Chinese paper cutting has the history more than 1, 500 years at least. It is one of the  (old) handicrafts (手工艺品) in China. At first, Paper cutting was only popular among  countryside, and the masters were farm (wife). Today, the art has developed into art forms  can fully represent (代表) Chinese traditional folk culture. As the paper cutting combines many folk art forms such as painting and cutting, it can serve as the window for one who  (want) to know the traditional Chinese folk art. 

As a folk art, paper cutting has a strong local feature. Many places in China are famous their featured (特色的) paper cutting. Chinese people put their hope to the paper cutting to praise people' creation to the nature and encourage people (keep) going. There are cutting for window, door, wall, and those for roof and light as well as for marriage and different festivals. Many of them (use)during the New Year and marriage to add up the happy atmosphere (气氛).

Chinese people, (especial) people in northern China, like to use paper cutting as a decoration when Chinese New Year is coming. Chinese paper cutting is not only a decoration, also an emotion.

I've heard such a story. On a Friday 1  a poor young artist stood at the gate of the subway station, playing his violin. The music was 2  and many people who hurried to go home 3  and put some money into the hat of the young man. 

The next night, the young artist took out a large piece of 4 and laid it on the ground. Then he began 5 . The music sounded more pleasant. Some people gathered and they found the 6 on that paper, "Last night, a gentleman put a(n) 7 thing into my hat. Please come to get it back." When the people saw that, they felt very curious and 8 what it could be. After about half an hour, a man 9 there in a hurry and said, "It can't be true! You… you…"

The young violinist asked, "Did you 10 something?" "A lottery ticket (彩票)," the man answered 11 .

The violinist took out a lottery ticket. "Is it?" he asked.

The man was too 12  to say a word. He 13  a lottery ticket a few days ago. The awards (奖) opened yesterday and he won $ 500, 000. So lucky and excited did he feel that he 14  50 dollars and put it into the hat when hearing the music. However, the lottery ticket was also thrown into the hat without being 15  . After the violinist finished his performance, he 16  the lottery ticket in his hat. 17  that the owner would probably 18  to look for it, he came back to where he was given the lottery ticket. 

Someone asked the violinist why he returned the lottery ticket to the man. He said, "Although I don't have much 19 , I live happily; but if I lose 20 , I won't be happy forever."

While the stomach can extremely change the look of a woman, it can also turn out to be one of her worst issues. The woman's stomach is continuously the focus of her attention. For some women, their attractiveness is measured by the size of their stomach.  Men are being pressured now more than ever to have flat stomachs if they wish to attract romantic partners. Here are some methods you can use to lose stomach fat.

Drink lots of water. While drinking plenty of water may not sound attractive, it is important for getting yourself into shape. Water helps break up the body of poisons that live in your fat and skin. You have to drink plenty of water if you wish to lose weight.

Change your eating habits. You need to eat low-fat, coarse grains (粗粮) to lose stomach fat. You should eat until you are full but they should not eat up to the point of bursting.

Walking helps blood circulation, and it consumes (消耗) the stomach fat. Walking also helps remove the extra amount of water in our body by the process of elimination (排泄) .

Get enough sleep. Sleep is necessary for the human body to work as it should. If not, these hormones get into the blood and rapidly improve the fat within the stomach.

A. Build your muscle.

B. Take regular exercise. 

C. This can also be the issue for men.

D. Moreover, it's important to keep an eye on the amount of food you consume.

E. Unbelievably, when a person lacks sleep, they'll gain weight around their stomach.

F. Among the most effective methods of decreasing stomach fat is to consume lots of water.

G. It is no wonder why the majority of women are looking for ways to lose their stomach fat.

He leaves his briefcase (公文包) beside the driver and finds a seat in the middle of a group of bored teenagers. He sits forward, looks at the driver, sits back, and repeats the process. The teenagers stare at him. They don't realize 

Porter's afraid someone will steal his briefcase.

Porter came to Portland when he was 13. He attended a school for the disabled and then Lincoln High School, where he was placed in a class for slow kids. But he wasn't slow. He wanted to be a salesman and his mother was certain that he could one day make it. With her encouragement, he applied for different jobs only to be turned down. He began reading help-wanted ads in the newspaper and read about Watkins, a company that sold household products. His mother set up a meeting with a representative (代表). The man said no, but Porter wouldn't listen. He just wanted a chance. The man gave in and offered Porter an area of the city that no salesman wanted.

That night Porter discovered the products of the company were guaranteed (保障) . He would sell that promise.

On the first day, people told him to go away. However, if a customer turned him down, Porter kept coming back until they heard him. And he sold.

For several years he was Watkins' top salesman. Now he is the only salesman of the company that sells door-to-door.

An earthquake is one of the most common natural disasters. It may cause great damage. So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members.

Fragile items, like those made of glass are easily broken and should usually be placed on a lower surface, near the ground instead of placing them on cupboards higher up. Never place them near your bed, sofas and other furniture where you would be sitting or lying down. When there is a strong movement, these pieces will fall on the floor directly and not on you.

There is a strong chance of short circuits (短路) and fire breakouts during an earthquake. Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.

During an earthquake lie beneath an object that is not easily damaged. Do not go near objects that could directly fall on you. Never use the elevator to go down. Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Research has shown that most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out. Use the stairs at all times.

If you are outdoors, do not take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric poles or tall buildings. If you are driving, stop your car and stay in a safe place. Do not park your car under a tree or any tall object.

If trapped in debris (瓦砾堆), cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing. Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can find you. Use a whistle (哨子) if one is available. Never shout for help. Shouting can cause you to breathe in dangerous amounts of dust. Do not light a match because you may burn yourself. Do not move about or kick up dust.

The second Sunday in May is Mother's Day. American children of all ages give their mothers something special. Children, young and old, try to show their love to mothers on the day. However, do you know that Mother's Day celebration is no recent thing?

England was the first country to set a day to mothers. In the United States Mother's Day became an official holiday in 1910. An American girl, Anna, asked their governor to set a festival for mothers that they loved. Therefore, they set the second Sunday in May as Mother's Day and a year later all the other states celebrated it.

In the morning of Mother's Day, some American children serve their mothers breakfast in bed. Other children will give their mothers presents which they made themselves or bought in stores. Adults give their mothers red carnations (康乃馨)，the official Mother's Day flower. If their mothers left the world, they may bring white carnations to their grave sites (墓地). This is the busiest day of the year for American restaurants. On this special day, family members do not want their mother to cook dinner!