相关试卷

The first cellphone was invented fifty years ago. The man who 1  that phone, Martin Cooper, is now 94 years old.

In the early 1970s, Cooper worked for an American technology company. At the time the company and other manufacturers were 2  to create wireless phones that could work in vehicles and also be carried. There was 3  between manufacturers to build the first truly 4  phone.

Cooper made the first public call from a handheld portable telephone on April 3, 1973. The device, called Dyna TAC, 5  about 1.1 kilograms and was 23 centimeters long.

Today while Cooper is pleased that his 6 has opened up a series of technological possibilities for cellphone users, he thinks many people are just too 7 with their devices. "I am 8 when I see some people crossing the street and 9 their cellphones. They are out of their minds." Cooper said.

The modern progress of cellphones is sure to continue long into the future. Cooper 10 cellphone batteries could even be replaced by body 11 . "You ingest food, and you create energy. Why not have this receiver for your ear embedded under your skin, powered by your body?" he imagined.

Cooper also expressed 12 about how the device has created serious risks for 13 especially in the area of privacy. He hopes cellphones will continue to 14 in ways that can greatly help humanity. "Each generation is going to be smarter... They will learn how to use the cellphone more 15 ," Cooper said.

Walk along the streets of Beijing and listen carefully to the little babies calling for their mothers while out on an evening walk and what do you hear? mama.. Italian and French babies want their mama and maman respectively. And in East Africa, Swahili-speakers say mama and Arab-speaking children often call their mothers yemma. . In Malaysia, it's not unusual for mothers to be addressed as mak. The sound ma is almost universal in Europe, and very common even among completely unrelated languages spoken in faraway places. How did this come about? How did one syllable (音节) become so universal in children's vocabularies the world over?

. Hungry babies only have to open their mouths wide and scream AAAAAAH to pronounce their first vowel-A. Later, as they start playing around with their mouths, all they have to do is to close and open their lips to make an M, their very first consonant (辅音)., they've discovered another sound! Adults hearing babies making this charming string of mamama sounds might think that the babies are calling out to them. A mother would then naturally assume that she's the one being addressed and so would refer to herself as mama!

Another theory is that babies naturally produce nasal (鼻的) sounds, like a very soft mhmh-mlmh while breastfeeding. Indeed mamma means "breast" in Latin..

A. That's not all

B. That is to say

C. You can say "mom" in any country in the world

D. We have "mother" but we'll accept "mama" as a first word

E. And this also happens to be the source of both "mammary" and "mammal"

F. On the other side of the world you'll hear Spanish children crying for mama

G. Some experts believe that the simplest explanation lies in the very first sounds babies make

Textspeak is an informal term for the abbreviated (缩写的) language used in text messaging and other forms of electronic communication. In the digital age, it's common to hear how textspeak is ruining language. Some people argue that technology has made us lazy about how we speak and write.

Of course, language does change when it's used digitally. Textspeak is an evolution of language. It's even the focus of a field of linguistics (语言学) called CMC, which is committed to the study of interaction facilitated by technology like computers, mobile phones and tablets.

Contrary to the idea that these innovations are aggravating language, CMC demonstrates a creative repurposing of symbols for technology. These swift and clever evolutions illustrate the flexibility of language and its capacity to communicate meanings not relating to words.

People have been complaining about language being "ruined". In A.D. 63, for example, a Roman scholar complained that students of Latin were writing in an "artificial language". In fact, this writing was a new language that would become French! Similarly, in 1871, the then-president of Harvard University said,"Bad spelling, incorrectness, inelegance of expression in writing, and ignorance of the simplest rules of punctuation... are far from rare among the young who are well-prepared for college studies."

Today, people are able to communicate rapidly using a wide variety of tools and technologies. Perhaps no linguistic development better indicates changes in the ways we communicate than the popular emoticon (表情符号). It is a visual representation of a smiley face turned sideways. Although an emoticon may look like a smile, a frown or any number of facial expressions, it doesn't really represent a face. Instead, it's intended to convey a feeling, such as "I'm happy" or "just joking".

So, far from ruining language, the example indicates how people can now communicate complex feelings in a simple manner. This kind of change is perfect for our modern, fast-paced world.

Researchers following tiger sharks off the southern coast of Belize couldn't believe their eyes when they recently caught a different kind of fish. It turned out to be a Greenland shark, which is typically found in the Arctic and can live to be about 400 years old.

The team of scientists thought the shark was dead when they finally pulled it to the surface. Unlike the tiger sharks they saw, this particular shark had black, worn-looking skin and pale blue eyes. Devanshi Kasana, a Ph.D. candidate at the Florida International University's Predator Ecology & Conservation Lab, said the shark looked "really old".

There was no doubt that the discovery was unexpected. Kasana said, "As soon as it entered our field of vision, we saw a black figure that was getting bigger and bigger. When it came to the surface, none of the crew with all of their combined fishing experience had seen anything like that." She said the discovery was especially exciting. She wondered how on earth these sharks, which were thought to mainly exist in the Arctic, could be found in the tropics as well.

Greenland sharks can be several hundred years old. The reason for their long life may have something to do with their speed of growth, which is very slow. Greenland sharks grow approximately one-third of an inch per year and can grow to more than 20 feet in length. And researchers believe the sharks don't reach sexual maturity until sometime after the first 100 years of their life.

According to Kasana, some scientists have theorized that the Greenland sharks can be found across the globe, if one knows where to look. They love cold water, which is why they're found in the Arctic. However, they've also been discovered as far south as off the coast of Georgia, thousands of feet beneath the ocean surface.

The theory is that the closer the sharks are to the equator, the deeper researchers have to go to find them. And they go deep over 7,000 feet down, according to NOAA.

I am an art-on-the-cart teacher for now. My 8th-grade boys don't open doors for me. The girls do, however. So do the Gth,7th, and 9th-grade boys, but not those 8th-grade boys. It's a strange phenomenon that I'm sure is explained by science somewhere. But when I'm walking through campus with my rolling cart filled to the brim (边沿), my hands full, my backpack on,and the wind blowing the door, it's hard to pull it open for me. The boys just go on through without stopping to offer help. What these boys need is some empathy (同理心)! Looking at art can help with that.

Last semester in a photography unit for my 8th-graders, I brought out the "I am"character poem activity from my pack of printable worksheets to study the work of Dorothea Lange, the mastermind behind the Migrant Mother and other powerful photographs from the Great Depression.

As an art teacher, it is important for me to give my students experience connecting with works of art, which includes connecting with the characters and people in the artworks. Dorothea Lange was a photographer hired by the Resettlement Administration and the Farm Security Administration to document the lives of migrant workers, and displaced families. Because her photographs were government-funded, they were offered for free to newspapers across the country, and her photographs were seen nationwide.

She had a masterful way of capturing emotion in her subjects, so her photographs are an excellent way for students to practice empathy while also connecting with the art, the past,and the people in the photograph.

Once we finished with all of the group presentations, I asked what all of the photographs had in common and what we can learn about the photographer based on all of these photographs. This launched us into a lesson on Dorothea Lange, art during the Great Depression,and a debate over whether or not the camera has the ability to capture the essence (精髓) of a person.

Here are four small places in England, all packed with delightful scenery and more.

Lavenham Suffolk 

In the town, ancient buildings lean casually into one another. As a result, wandering down the high street feels like walking through a fairy tale or a Hollywood movie as Lavenham has appeared in many Hollywood movies. Behind the high walls are several excellent restaurants, but first time visitors should go to the Lavenham Guildhall, where you can drink tea in a well-preserved Tudor room.

Shaftesbury, Dorset 

Home to Gold I Hill, the cobblestone street known as "one of the most romantic sights in England". Shaftesbury is a major charmer. The tiny Dorset town is also home to the ruins of Shaftesbury Abbey, built in 888 AD by King Alfred, a man well-known for creating England. Shaftesbury is also surrounded by a wealth of incredible countryside rich in picnicking potential including Duncliffe Wood and Melbury Beacon.

St Ives. Cornwall 

St Ives used to be little more than a traditional fishing village, but now it has developed into a popular coastal town. Its soft, sandy beaches regularly win awards and there are also plenty of top seafood dining options. The town has even gained a reputation as a serious arts center, with lots of outstanding galleries led by the Tate St Ives, which features attractive modern art exhibitions focusing on British artists.

Castle Combe. Wiltshire 

Recognized as the "pretticst village in England". Castle Combe is famous for its handsome honey colored stone houses and flower-lined lanes (小巷) which have decorated countless postcards and magazine covers over the years.

Paul's old clock was supposed to wake him up at six in the morning of August tenth, but, unfortunately, the hour hand stopped in the early hours again. Instead, Paul was awoken by the noisy breakfast-table talk of the Stephen brothers next door.

"Now, I've won the National Poetry Creative Award!" The older brother shouted loudly. "You have to do the housework for the coming whole week!"

"Okay," the younger responded unwillingly.

Paul rushed down the stairs of his apartment to the news kiosk (报刊亭) by the street in his pajamas. Among the crowd of the seven o'clock Los Angeles, he was unique, in a funny manner, like a clown escaped from a circus group. Despite that, he caught the eyes of nobody. He threw a few coins into the glass jar and then grabbed the newspaper from the old kiosk owner. His behavior didn't frighten the old woman--he was the most loyal customer of her store for the past few years.

Paul liked to invent something, and he was fond of literature and had been dreaming of becoming an editor. He skimmed through the annual nomination (提名) on the front page of the newspaper, the brightness in his eyes turned less bright as he moved down the list of names, which eventually faded when he reached the end. He lifted his sight from the newspaper and started staring at the kiosk owner dully (无精打采地), an expression similar to that when he arrived. The old woman sighed—she was so accustomed to this lifeless look on his face but had prayed to see something new every August.

"Bad luck", with this, Paul slid away rapidly. When approaching the corner of the street, he narrowly knocked down an old gentleman, the kiosk owner's husband, Arthur, who once was a chief editor of a local famous magazine and now he was retired.

注意：1.续写词数应为 150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

After hearing what his wife said about Paul, Arthur decided to give him a hand.

……

One morning of next year's August, with the magazine he had edited in hand, Paul stood beside the news kiosk nervously to sell it.

注意：1.写作词数应为 80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Healthy Eating

Chengdu is regarded by many as one of the happiest cities in China, as well as the home of pandas. It  (become) the first Asian city to be identified as a UNESCO City of Gastronomy in 2010.

Chengdu is a place where it seems to blur (难以区分) the boundaries between past and future. Its ancient temples, traditional alleys and historic architecture open a window into ancient China,  (take) you into a world of past impressive beauty. But what is really surprising is its focus on the future. Transforming into a center of technology, innovation and development, this city has  (ambition) plans to become a science city in southwest China.

Chengdu is not only rich in history and modernity, but also in flavor. This city is known its spic y food, with bold flavors and centuries-old cooking traditions coming together to offer dining experiences will delight all the senses. Chengdu's most popular food, such as tongue-numbing mapo tofu and hotpot, is feast for the palate (味觉). Hotpot works like this. A heat source (place) on the dining table keeps a pot of soup stock simmering (煨), and a variety of Chinese foodstuffs and (ingredient) are served beside the pot for the diners to put into the hot stock.

All this richness that Chengdu has to offer led to its selection as the host city for the 31stFISU World University Games. The athletic event was an opportunity not only (show) Chengdu's sporting spirit, world-class infrastructure, (warm) and organizational skill, but also to promote friendship and cross-cultural understanding.

Several years ago, I was teaching students when Charley entered into the classroom. What 1  me most was that he was in rags (衣衫褴褛). Other children in the classroom stared at Charley 2  as they had never before seen such clothes. When asked to 3  himself, he told us he was from a distant village and usually helped parents do housework.

One afternoon, we had a game, and Charley made a perfect start. Next was Bruce's turn. Bruce was the least 4 and athletic child in the history of our class. After Bruce's second failure, Charley came up and spoke quietly to the 5 Bruce, "Forget them. I believe you can 6 it next time."

By the semester's end, we had all admired Charley for his 7 . He taught us how to 8 a tough math question, how to 9 rip e fruit from raw fruit before that first bite, and how to treat others, even Bruce, who never called me "Miss".

That afternoon before winter vacation, Charley walked to my desk and bent close to my ear, "My 10 boxes came out last night. I'm leaving here and moving to another place with my parents tomorrow. I'll miss you."

As I grasped the 11 , my eyes were filled with tears. Then, as I 12 my calmness, Charley broke the 13 silence by pulling something from a box, saying, "It's for you. I have prepared it especially for you, you're a(n) 14 example of hardworking teachers, I show great respect for you."

It was a dry leaf, the most valuable 15  that I had had.