相关试卷

1、Researchers have developed a robotic sensor that combines artificial intelligence techniques to read Braille (盲文) at speeds roughly double that of most human readers. The research team, from the University of Cambridge, used machine learning algorithms (算法) to teach a robotic sensor to quickly slide over lines of Braille text.

The robotic sensor the researchers used has a camera in its "fingertip", and reads by using a combination of the information from the camera and the sensors. "This is a hard problem for roboticists as there's a lot of image processing that needs to be done to remove motion blur (模糊) which is time-and energy-consuming," said Parth Potdar from Cambridge's Department of Engineering.

"There are existing robotic Braille readers, but they only read one letter at a time, which is not how humans read," said Potdar. "Existing robotic Braille readers work in a relatively static way: they touch one letter pattern, read it, pull up from the surface, move over, lower onto the next letter pattern, and so on. We want something that's more realistic and far more efficient."

The team developed machine learning algorithms so the robotic reader would be able to "deblur" the images before the sensor attempted to recognise the letters. They trained the algorithms on a set of sharp images of Braille with fake blur applied. After the algorithms had learned to deblur the letters, they used a computer vision model to detect and classify each character.

Once the algorithms were incorporated, the researchers tested their reader by sliding it quickly along rows of Braille characters. The robotic Braille reader could read 315 words per minute with 87%accuracy, which is twice as fast and about as accurate as a human Braille reader.

"Braille reading speed is a great way to measure the dynamic performance of tactile (能触知的) sensing systems, so our findings could be applicable beyond Braille, for applications like detecting surface textures or slippage in robotic manipulation," said Potdar.

In the future, the researchers are hoping to scale the technology to the size of a humanoid hand.

2、"A moth (飞蛾) to a flame" is often used to indicate an inescapable attraction, yet it is a strange example of animal behaviour that continues to confuse people today. Scientists have raised a number of theories over the years to explain why. One holds that insects flying at night are following their nature to fly towards the brightest spot in their field of vision, which they mistake for the sky. Another suggests that insects are trying to warm themselves with the heat produced by the light. The most popular theory, though, is that insects are confusing lights with the moon or other celestial bodies (天体) that they normally use to navigate.

To find out the real reason, the team carried out a first set of experiments in an insect flight area. The researchers used eight high-speed infrared (红外线的) cameras equipped with motion capture technologies to track 30 insects from three moth and two dragonfly species. They also flew lab-raised insects from six different insect orders (生物分类的目) that were too small for motion-capture technology, including fruit flies and honeybees, to make sure different insects all showed similar responses to light. Working with co-author Pablo Allen of the Council on International Educational Exchange in Monteverde, Costa Rica, the researchers put heavy cameras, lights and tripods in two field sites to gather behavioral data from insects in the wild.

The team was able to confirm that insects were not beelining to the light but rather circling it as they tilted (倾斜) in an attempt to turn their backs towards it. This behavior, known as a "dorsal light response", normally helps insects to remain on an unchanging path of flight that is properly lined to the horizon.

Artificial light that arrives from a point source causes them to fly in unpredictable patterns as they try to turn their backs to what they are mistaking for the sky.

Now research might have finally solved the mystery mentioned first: artificial light confuses insects' ability to turn themselves to the horizon, confusing their sense of what is up and down and causing them to fly in circles.

3、During the final term of my theater and performance degree at the University of Leeds, I found myself standing outside Berkeley Court Care Home with three classmates and an underdeveloped idea. We planned to hold some interactive workshops with the residents to try to inspire memory and social engagement.

I remember being nervous, aware that we were working with people who were weak and helpless and that I had no idea what I was doing. Some residents were almost nonverbal, some were clearly not with it, some were happy to see us, and some were not.

I had decided to play music at the end of the session. We went with the song My Way because the residents, all roughly 80 years old, would have been listening to the hit song in their late 20s.

Once I pressed play, it was as if a spell had been cast. Nearly everyone in the room stood up and sang what seemed like every word. I was so profoundly moved. Many of them were communicating much better. It looked and felt like magic.

Off I went to drama school, but I thought about that experience almost daily. So when we were given the opportunity to write a script for a theater festival, I created a love story about music and dementia (痴呆), lasting 50 years of a couple's life.

And now, 10 years later, the show I made is running again in London thanks to the Music for Dementia campaign.

When my grandma was diagnosed with dementia toward the end of her life, I didn't struggle to communicate with her in the way that other people in their 20s might have done. I felt more able to tune into what she needed and better equipped to see her underneath the disease.

I now know that music-based treatment reduce the need for antipsychotic medication (抗精神病药物) in more than 60 percent of people living with dementia. I don't know what my My Way would be, but I certainly think we should all strive to find our song and do our best to stay connected to the people we share it with.

4、Best Gyms in San Diego

SOULCYCLE

Location: 4303 La Jolla Village Dr 2108

Phone number: (858) 333-6190

The cycling studio finally made their way to San Diego-and we couldn't be more excited ! While the running and jumping will make you sweat up a storm, it's impossible not to smile when your instructors send you motivational phrases during class. Situated in the UTC Westfield mall, it's the perfect place to get in a workout after shopping.

RENEGADE FIT CAMP

Location: 440 W Washington St

Phone number: (619) 677-1861

Working out at Renegade is nothing short of intense. The lights are turned flown low, the music is loud, and the 15-minule sets will make you sweat like never before. Each hour-long group class combines HllT-style exercise and floor work with bobyweight exercise. And the endorphin (内啡肽）rush will keep you coming back for more — no matter how sore you are.

TITLE CLUB

Location: Birch Rd 1215

Phone number: (858) 632-7859

If it seems like everyone from suburban moms to supermodels is hitting the boxing ring these days, you aren't wrong. But who can blame them? If you're looking to tone up and show some aggression, give Title Boxing a try. It offers a variety of classes that include cardio(心肺) exercise，full-body combinations and expert coaching.

TRILOGY SANCTUARY

Location: 7650 Girard Ave #400

Phone number: (858) 633-3893

Stepping off the elevator into Trilogy' s rooftop space is extremely pleasant. The space includes ocean views, cromfortable sofa for socializing, and a delicious cafe. Class offerings include everything from yoga to meditation (冥想). It is created as a space to inspire people to lead healthy lives and you can't help hut leave feeling energized after a visit.

5、假如你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的外国好友Jim对中国传统文化很感兴趣，你决定在春节来临之际送他一幅剪纸表达祝福。请从下面两幅剪纸中选出一幅作品并附信介绍。内容包括：

1.简要介绍中国剪纸；

2.介绍所选剪纸作品。

注意：开头和结尾已给出。

Dear Jim,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

6、The idea of becoming a rock star was "unpopular" with her parents, and she was timid about ________ them.

7、For most people, 40 years of work is more than enough, so the idea of an additional 20 is ________.

8、Thanks to the region's lack of rain, the designs have stayed largely ________ for 2,000 years.

9、Being nice is an awful ________ if you are trying to get things done.

10、Some natural disasters may have aftershocks, so you should take all safety ________.

11、The Inspector nodded and did not ________ Holmes' objections.

12、________ silence, or at least some time without constant content consumption.

13、Was Uriah ________ something? What did he want with Mr. Micawber?

14、He was astonished by what I told him about our history, which seemed to be murders, plots and ________.

15、Female friendships thrive on emotional connection and ________.

16、My sister and I did our best to correct him, but he is stubborn and ________.

17、She had a bright face and a (n) ________, businesslike manner.

18、阅读文章并回答问题。

1 In the living room the voice-clock sang, Tick-tock, seven o' clock, time to get up! as if it were afraid that nobody would. The clock repeated its sounds into the empty house. Seven-nine, breakfast time!

2 In the kitchen the stoveejected from its warm interior eight pieces of perfectly browned toast, eight eggs sunny side up, sixteen slices of bacon, two coffees, and two glasses of milk.

3 "Today is August 4,2026," said a second voice from the kitchen ceiling, "in the city of Allendale, California." It repeated the date three times. "Today is Mr. Featherstone' s birthday. Insurance is payable, as are the water and gas bills." Somewhere in the walls, relays clicked, memory tapes glided under electric eyes.

4 Tick-tock, eight-one o' clock, off to school, off to work! It was raining outside. The weather box on the front door sang quietly: "Rain, rain, go away; umbrellas, raincoats for today."

5 At eight-thirty the eggs wereshriveled and the toast was like stone. A wedge scraped them into the sink, where hot water whirled them down a metal throat which digested and flushed them away. The dirty dishes were dropped into a hot washer and emerged twinkling dry.

6 Ten o' clock. The sun came out from behind the rain. The house stood alone in a city of rubble and ashes. This was the one house left standing. At night the ruined city gave off a radioactive glow which could be seen for miles.

7 Ten-fifteen. The garden sprinklers sprayed water. The water fell, running down the charred west side where the house had been burned, evenly free of its white paint. The entire west face of the house was black, except for five places. Here is the silhouette in paint of a man mowing a lawn and a woman bent to pick flowers. Still farther-over, there is a small boy, hands flung into the air; higher up, comes the image of a thrown ball, and opposite him stands a girl, hands raised to catch the ball.

8 Until this day, how well the house had kept its peace. How carefully it had inquired, "What' s the password?" and, getting no answer from foxes and cats, it had shut up its windows and drawn shades with self-protection. It did not allow any outsideintrusions.

9 Twelve noon.

10 Two-fifteen. Bridge tables sprouted from patio walls. Playing cards fluttered onto pads. Music played. But the tables were silent and the cards untouched.

11 At four o' clock the tables folded like great butterflies back through the walls.

12 Nine-five. A voice spoke from the ceiling: "Mrs. McClellan, which poem would you like this evening?" The house was silent. The voice said at last, "Since you express no preference, I shall select a poem at random." Quiet music rose to back the voice. "Sara Teasdale. As I recall, your favorite...

There will come soft rains and the smell of the ground,

And swallows circling with their shimmering sound;

And frogs in the pools singing at night,

And wild plum trees in tremulous white;

Robins will wear their feathery fire,

Whistling their whims on a low fence-wire;

And not one will know of the war, not one

Will care at last when it is done.

Not one would mind, neither bird nor tree,

If mankind perished utterly;

And Spring herself, when she woke at dawn

Would scarcely know that we were gone."

13 At ten o' clock the house began to die.

14 The wind blew. A falling tree branch crashed through the kitchen window. The bottled cleaning solvent(溶剂) was shattered over the stove. The room was ablaze in an instant!

15 "Fire!" screamed a voice. The lights flashed, water pumps shot water from the ceilings. But the solvent spread on the carpet while the voices took it up in chorus: "Fire, fire, fire!"

16 The house tried to save itself. Doors sprang tightly shut, but the windows were broken by the heat and the windfanned the flames.

17 The house gave ground as the fire in billion angry sparks moved with flaming ease from room to room. And the wall sprays let down showers of mechanical rain. Somewhere, a pump shrugged to a stop. The rain ceased. The reserve water supply which had filled baths and washed dishes for many days ran out.

18 The fire went upstairs. It burned paintings by Picasso and Matisse in the halls. The fire lay in beds and stood in windows. From the attic, robot faces peered down with faucet mouths letting out green fluid chemical. The fire backed off. But the fire was clever. It had sent flame outside the house, up through the attic to the pumps there. An explosion! The attic brain which directed the pumps was shattered.

19 The house shuddered, its bared skeleton cringing from the heat. Help, help! Fire! Run, run! And the voices wailed. Fire, fire, run, run, like a tragic nursery rhyme. And the voices faded. One, two, three voices died.

20 In the last instant under the fire, other choruses, unaware of what was happening, could be heard announcing the time, setting an umbrella frantically out and in, or slamming the front door, a thousand things happening, a scene of confusion, yet unity; singing, screaming. And one voice, with extreme disregard for the situation, read poetry aloud.

21 The fire burst the house and made it collapse, puffing out spark and smoke. In the kitchen, an instant before the rain of fire and timber, the stove could still be seen making breakfasts.

22 The crash. The attic smashing into kitchen and parlor. The parlor into cellar, cellar into sub-cellar. Armchair, circuits, beds, and all, were thrown in acluttered pile deep under.

23 Smoke and silence. A great quantity of smoke.

24 Dawn showed faintly in the east. Among the ruins, one wall stood alone. Within the wall, a last voice said, over and over again and again, even as the sun rose to shine upon the heaped rubble:

25 "Today is August 5,2026, today is August 5,2026, today is……"

* Note: The story was published on May 6,1950. The nuclear bombings of Hiroshima (广岛) and Nagasaki (长崎) took place in August 1945, just five years prior to this story's publication date.

19、Confirmation bias is people's tendency to process information by looking for information that is consistent (一致的) with their existing beliefs. This biased approach to decision making results in a person ignoring information that is inconsistent with their beliefs.

One explanation for why people are likely to be affected by confirmation bias is that it is an efficient way to process information. Humans are forever receiving information and cannot possibly take the time to carefully process each piece of information to form an unbiased conclusion. It is adaptive for humans to rely on instinctive behaviours that keep them out of harm's way. Another reason why people show confirmation bias is to protect their pride. People like to feel good about themselves, and discovering that a belief that they highly value is incorrect makes them feel bad about themselves.

Confirmation bias occurs in several contexts. In decision making, once an individual makes a decision, they will look for information that supports it. Therefore, the person will ignore it or give it little consideration. In studies examining my-side bias, people were able to generate and remember more reasons supporting their side of a controversial issue than the opposing side.

If people are told what to expect from a person they are about to meet, such as that the person is friendly and outgoing, people will look for information that supports their expectations. For example, if Maria expects her roommate to be outgoing, Maria may ask her if she likes to go to parties rather than asking if she often studies in the library.

Confirmation bias is important because it may lead people to give more weight to information that supports their beliefs than what the evidence justifies. However, in reality they have ignored a great deal of evidence contradicting their beliefs. These factors may lead to risky decision making and lead people to overlook warning signs.

Actively challenging your beliefs is one of the most effective ways to reduce confirmation bias. For example, if you believe a certain practice is beneficial, seek out reliable sources that criticize it and evaluate their arguments. This involves engaging in conversations with people who hold opposing views or reading materials from unfamiliar perspectives.

A. Confirmation bias also operates in impression formation.

B. Exposing yourself to diverse viewpoints can help reduce bias.

C. Information that conflicts with a person's decision may cause discomfort.

D. Therefore, people will seek information that supports their existing beliefs.

E. They need to process information quickly to protect themselves from harm.

F. People shouldn't overlook evidence that leads them to question their beliefs.

G. Improving these skills can empower individuals to make more objective judgments.

20、We are in the early 1900s, and a French chemist, Edouard Benedictus, has an ordinary accident in the laboratory: he drops a chemical bottle. Only this time, it doesn't shatter. Benedictus delves deeper and realizes a collision solution inside the bottle, once evaporated (蒸发), holding the glass pieces together. He had unknowingly invented shatterproof glass. Such moments ofserendipity reveal the unpredictable nature of innovation. Yet, a broader question remains: are such discoveries born of luck, or were they "in the air", waiting for someone?

In the 19th century, during the international competition to decipher the molecular structure of DNA, research on anesthetizing gases, and many other cases, the general impression was that the solution was just around the corner. This phenomenon, called convergence, also occurs in biological evolution, where unrelated species develop similar adaptations due to similar environmental pressures. In scientific discovery, this convergence is explained by similar selective pressures and competing research groups. While these cases differ from typical serendipity stories — since there was a defined problem and intentional competition — they still contained elements of luck. The overall process was not purely serendipitous, but it raises the question: could all discoveries be "in the air", waiting to be found?

Let's assume it's true and luck just speeds up the inevitable. Scientists stand on the shoulders of predecessors. Nonetheless, at some point and in the right circumstances, it was the unknown scientists, not the giants, who managed to see a little farther. No one knows how many different routes were available to arrive at the same discovery. When our minds align a procession of coincidences that have made a surprising outcome possible, we immediately conclude that a mysterious force is responsible for this succession of events. We say that it cannot be a coincidence and hence the discovery was in the air.

To avoid a purposeful view of the history of science, there's an opposing abductive argument. It's not proof but a clue. It is no coincidence that it was the unknown scientist and not the giant who managed to see farther — that is, who opened new frontiers of knowledge. Giants' minds were constrained by prior knowledge and so trapped within the framework of established habits, research questions, and established methods.

The new, little-known scientist, on the other hand, will have seen farther because they will in one way or another have been able to break free of the chains of established knowledge, possibly even betraying it a little. This suggests that innovators, with their receptive and prepared minds, are more likely to encounter serendipitous discoveries — those that are unexpected and not bound by conventional thinking. Therefore, the most impactful scientific discoveries, both past and future, are likely to be the result of serendipity, emerging from unforeseen circumstances that defy the predictable paths of research.