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Engineering researchers at the University of Waterloo are successfully using a robot to help keep children with learning disabilities focused on their work. This was one of the key results in a new study that also found both the youngsters and their instructors valued the positive classroom contributions made by the robot. 

"Overall, the findings demonstrate that the robot has a positive effect on students," said Dr. Kerstin Dautenhahn, a professor of electrical and computer engineering.

Educators have in recent years explored the use of social robots to help students learn, but most often, their research has focused on children with autism (孤独症). As a result, little work has been done on the use of socially assistive robots for students with learning disabilities. 

Along with two other Waterloo engineering researchers and three experts from the Learning. Disabilities Society in Vancouver, Dautenhahn decided to change this, conducting a series of tests with a small humanoid (仿人的) robot called QTrobot. 

Dautenhahn said the robot's ability to perform gestures using its head and hands, accompanied by its speech and facial features, makes it very suitable for children with learning disabilities.

Building on promising earlier research, the researchers divided 16 students with learning disabilities into two groups. In one group, students worked one on-one with an instructor only. In the other group, the students worked one-on-one with an instructor and a QTrobot. In the latter group, the instructor used a tablet to direct the robot, which then autonomously performed various activities using its speech and gestures. While the instructor controlled the sessions, the robot took over at certain times to lead the students. 

Besides introducing the session, the robot set goals and provided self-regulating strategies, if necessary. If the learning process was getting off- track, the robot used strategies such as games, riddles and physical movements to redirect the students back to the task. 

"Students who worked with the robot," Dautenhahn said, "were generally more engaged with their tasks and could complete their tasks at a higher rate compared to the students who weren't assisted by a robot.

If you've ever eaten a free doughnut (甜甜圈) on the first Friday in June, you've celebrated the Doughnut Lassies- whether you realized it or not, National Doughnut Day was established to honor the Salvation Army volunteers who fried sugary snacks for World War I soldiers on the front line.

When the US entered World War I in 1917, the Salvation Army, a charity organization, sent about 250 volunteers (who were mostly women) to France, where the American army was stationed. The plan was to bring treats and supplies as close to the front line as possible. But the closer the volunteers got to the action, the fewer resources they could access.

Margaret Sheldon and Helen Purviance were credited with bringing doughnuts to the Wester Front. They had a handful of ingredients, including flour, sugar, animal fats, baking powder and canned milk. Doughnuts were one of the few sweet foods they could make without an oven, and once they had a fire hot enough to heat the oil, they could fry them up fast. The women had the pan to cook them in, but for other parts, they had to get creative. For example, grape juice bottles became rolling pins (擀面杖) when necessary. 

Sheldon and Purviance's pan could fit seven doughnuts at a time, and on day one, they made just 150 doughnuts for the group of 800 men. The soldiers even fought over a doughnut. Then they made some changes to their operation, and eventually made 5,000 doughnuts a day. The snacks were so popular that the volunteers earned the nickname " Doughnut Lassies", while the soldiers they served were nicknamed "Doughboys".

The Doughnut Lassies' impact didn't end with World War I. The American soldiers' experiences overseas made doughnuts a commonly eaten food for them back home.

Every parent wants their children to develop well. Sometimes it seems that a child's game is empty entertainment and it would be better to replace it with something more useful. However, for a child, play is the main way of interacting with the world, mastering new knowledge and skills.

The game forms a unique model of the world, redesigned in accordance with the needs and capabilities of the children. It reflects the real world and helps to master it. That is why it is so important to choose the right toys for your children. 

For a child, any game is the same productive activity as work for an adult. And if the result of adult work is the produced "product", for children, the result of the game is new knowledge about the world and a better understanding of how the world works. Interacting with other children during the game, the child develops his or her own style of behavior and communication. In short, play is critical to development because it is the way a child interacts with the world.

Through the game, children learn new skills and develop speech, thinking and logic, memory, attention and other mental functions. In games, children learn to follow the rules, control their behaviors, develop communication skills with peers and adults. Often the game becomes a way for children to cope with their difficult experiences and express their feelings of fear, anger, resentment, sadness and shame. The game also will bring pleasure, joy and a lot of other positive emotions to children- and the significance of this cannot be underestimated. Also, through the game, children learn to be proud of their success, which supports their self-esteem. Adequate self-esteem is the key to the full development of the individual. 

The role of an adult in play is to support and encourage the child. This helps the child understand that his opinion is valuable, and his ideas and fantasies deserve respect.

Whether you plan to head out to the theater, or watch films and TV shows on the sofa, our experts have gathered their favorite and different styles' films and TV shows of 2022.

All That Breathes

The documentary is set against the climate disaster of the failing river and crowded neighborhoods of Delhi. It follows two brothers who run a hospital for injured birds. The winged stars stumble (蹒跚而行) and fly across the screen as their caretakers start healing, both for the birds and their broken city. 

Style: Documentary

Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio

I was not expecting to be undone by the last several minutes of this movie, but there I was, crying over a very familiar story that suddenly felt new all over again. The animation is lively and beautifully detailed; the actors are nearly perfect, especially Ewan McGregor as the lovely version of the cricket (蟋蟀). 

Style: Animation, kid friendly, music and musicals, science fiction

Moonage Daydream

As a committed music documentary watcher, I was completely unprepared for the IMAX world building that director Brett Morgen brought to his authorized biography of David Bowie. Morgen made a film designed for vision and hearing, a film that both celebrates Bowie's music and conveys the currents of a real life.

Style: Music and musicals

Star Trek: Strange New Worlds

Set 10 years before James T. Kirk's as a captain, this series takes big swings-showing us the origin story of trainee Nyota Uhura, rewriting Mr. Spock's romantic past and enriching the heroic command of Christopher Pike. Paired with updated visual effects and storytelling, it's wonderful.

Style: Action, drama, science fiction and fantasy

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