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Whenever you read text, you don't pay much attention to the way the information is presented — particularly the font (字体) choice. That's because your main objective is reading comprehension.

Although printing design is overlooked by most of us, it's crucial in making texts clear, readable and appealing for audiences. Beyond the visual aspect, research shows that fonts play a significant role in the cognitive (认知的) processes while we read. A font's impact on the way you learn and keep information might be hard to notice consciously, but your brain is certainly tuned in. Perhaps surprisingly, hard-to-read fonts such as Bodoni or Comic Sansor are better for preserving information than fonts like Arial or Times New Roman. Participants recalled more information from the material they read when it was presented in a font that was difficult to read, according to a 2010 study.

"Difficulty can function as an alarm signal, giving the reader a sense that the task is challenging and will require mental effort," says Daniel Oppenheimer, a professor of Social and Decision Science. "Additionally, slowing down the reading speed to deal with the dis-fluency may help readers spot errors in a text. Hard-to-read fonts, which make it harder to engage with a material but don't actually draw away the reader, therefore generate "desirable difficulty"— and the resulting cognitive trouble may improve performance because they require more mental effort."

Font characteristics such as style, size and color play a role in information retention or recall, as well, because font design is vital to our familiarity — or unfamiliarity — with a given word, says Stephen Banham, a typography lecturer. Experiments have demonstrated a relationship between font size and memory: large font items may predict higher recall regardless of style, but very small font sizes can also introduce a desirable difficulty.

A document's specific method of formatting information also makes an impact. Using font styles like bold or italics to indicate significance can also improve information possession. That's because people are better able to remember information they consider important. Researchers found that bolded text has a higher recall than text in italic or regular styles, regardless of the font size. However, if an entire document is bolded, the emphasis is lost, and readers can no longer spot vital passages.

Ledet, a native of Lake Charles and his sister were raised by his single mom. "It was as tough as you can imagine. Sometimes, we had to dig in trash cans for pizzas and not yet rotten fruit," said Ledet. When he graduated from high school, there were only two options he had — go to the military or get a job. So, in 2004, the U. S. Navy became his job.

But life has a way of offering second chances. During a conversation with his wife, Mallory, he realized that college is not just for rich people, he can go to college too. With Mallory's help, he applied to Southern University. But as he also needed to make money for his family, Ledet took a job at Baton Rouge General Medical Center as a security guard.

It was a job that changed his path. While working there, he became inspired and wanted to become a physician. So he started asking as many physicians as he could whether he could shadow them. And a lot of them told him security guards don't become doctors. But one doctor, Dr. Patrick Greiffenstein, honored Ledet's request. He did what was necessary so that Ledet could officially follow him as he did surgeries and cared for patients. Ledet was dedicated from the start. "He desired to learn and he read on his own and he looked up things, so it seemed obvious that this was real for him. He would stay late and then go into his shift the next morning or do a shift and come join us in the morning, "said Greiffenstein.

Ledet went on to graduate from Southern University with a double major: chemistry and biology. But a bachelor's degree would not be the end of his academic pursuits. He earned his doctor's degree from NYU School of Medicine. Still, he wanted to be a medical doctor.

Across the world, young people are shaping the future in many fields. Their ideas are transforming communities and society. Here's a look at the achievements of four inspirational young leaders.

Kwiri Yang

Kwiri is the founder and CEO of LifeGyde, an online platform for young people to seek advice, guidance and support. She has an impressive track record of supporting individuals and small businesses.

She first helped immigrant owners of small businesses in California. When she developed anxiety and depression, Kwiri realized how many people, like her, were struggling with their mental health — and LifeGyde was born.

Abi Ramanan

Abi is the co-founder and CEO of ImpactVision, a software platform that uses machine learning to reduce food waste.

ImpactVision's technology uses digital imaging to take a picture of food and analyze its nutritional value and freshness. The system aims to reduce waste while also improving food safety. As technology advances, the sensors it uses are reducing in size and price, and could soon be integrated into everyday devices.

Oana Toiu

Oana is the founder and general manager of Social Innovation Solutions, which offers training and consultancy in social innovation.

She's also on the Board of Directors of The Entrepreneurship Academy, where students work in teams, learning about business by running real businesses under the guidance of a team coach.

Doreen Kessy

Doreen is CEO of Ubongo, a multi-media educational platform in Africa. Using the power of entertainment and mass media, the company provides educational material at low cost and high volume.

Some 6.4 million households in 31 countries currently watch, listen and learn from Ubongo's cartoons each week, with improved outcomes in maths and school readiness.

 Every time my family makes special plans，they end up getting canceled due to some incidents. Every time that happens，my parents would tell us to look on the bright side and make the best of a bad situation. However，I never managed to do that until this spring. 

 On a sunny morning last month，my aunt Jen invited us to the annual outdoor spring celebration at her farm. Since my family hadn't done anything different for ages，the whole family was very excited and everyone pulled his own weight to make sure everything goes as planned. In order to add more fun to this exciting trip，my little sister Indi and my little brother Tex even joined me to make an extra-special treat — cupcakes. 

 The picnic intended to go from twelve to three. After double checking the car，my parents loaded books，games，picnic blanket，and a whole big pack of food into the car. The moment of our departure finally arrived as the clock struck 11. However，everything went wrong the instant we bravely drove off. First，we had to stop and wait for Tex to find his shoes. Next，as we were driving down the road，we had to go back to the house because my mom forgot her wallet. Then，about halfway to Aunt Jen's house，we had to drive far out of our way to find a place for Indi to use the bathroom. After that，my parents decided it'd be quicker to take this one little side country road as a shortcut. But the shortcut ended up turning into a long cut! We drove forever on a winding road with wildflower field spreading endlessly out on both sides and the deep green pine trees going on and on within our sight. Spotting hundreds of birds flying in the sky，I was seized by a growing sense of desperation for I entirely had no idea when we could hit our destination. 

 注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 

 注意：
1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 

Chinese calligraphy has developed along with China's . It is difficult to say when calligraphy started. Chinese writing was first done by carving symbols onto bones and shells，but as it developed into a writing ， it also developed as a form of art done with a brush. It is believed that Chinese calligraphy dates back to at least the Han Dynasty. Soon after that，the idea developed that calligraphy was not only a beautiful art form but also a of showing the character of the "man behind the brush". Today，anyone from small children to old people can enjoy practicing the art of Chinese calligraphy.

 By the time Helen Keller was seven years old, she still couldn't speak, read or write and needed to have everything done for her. This was because she couldn't see or hear. With these severe  to her communication, Helen's behaviour was often . She was sometimes troublesome, stubborn and angry, and had a  to break things when no one understood her. 

 Helen's parents got a superb teacher  to them，a woman named Anne Sullivan. Anne spelt words by writing on Helen's hand so that Helen could get a  picture of the words. In this way，Helen got the world of words opened up to her. 

 Hong Kong is a city famous for world-class shopping and excellent restaurants. You may get various kinds of delicious food that make you forget  (return) to where you have come from. On the two sides of a street are shops  (sell) meals and drinks， you can spend your leisure time. 

The day (begin) at 6 a.m. Hong Kong people like to "drink morning tea"，which is in fact big breakfast. No matter whether it is a workday or a weekend day，people will accompany old folks，bring (child) and invite friends to go for "morning tea". This has become a cultural phenomenon of Hong Kong.

 Although it may be quite dark at six o'clock in the morning，meal shops are already open for business. Restaurants of considerable sizes may have  (full) prepared more than a hundred refreshments for customers to choose . Just as the Guangdong-styled cooked dishes，the refreshments for the morning tea are prepared with great emphasis  (place) on the fresh material. The cooking is carried out by steaming until the food is done and by frying for a short time to keep the  (origin) taste of the food itself. 

 My father and I have always had a difficult relationship. He thought I wasn't what a good daughter should be. Whatever I did was never good enough in his eyes. So when I tried to look for approval，I was 1  disappointed. 

 My mother was gentler and when my father would 2  me，she'd have my back. Five years ago，she died from a disease and，3  her there，my relationship with my father became 4 . I felt like he was trying to control me and this caused 5  and panic in me. I realized that I couldn't continue the 6  with him，so I left home eventually and 7  contact with him. 

 About a year later，I was out campaigning and I saw him alone. I 8  him and asked how he was. He was hesitant，but I could see in his eyes that he was 9  I'd come over. He said he was proud that he had a daughter who went to the House of Lords to talk about women's rights. I realized that，having decided I didn't need his 10 ，I finally had it. 

 Our relationship isn't 11  now，but we see each other every few months and I value the time we have together. Last year，on his birthday，I sent him a card and he 12  phoned me to say thank you. I've realized that if you want to have somebody in your life，you have to 13  them as who they are. And I'm proud of myself. I don't need anybody else to give me that sense of 14 . And because of that，our relationship is no longer a 15 . 

 It takes a lot of training and experience to become a public speaker. However，there are slight differences when it comes to presenting to a virtual audience. 

 Maintaining eye contact is one of the most important skills you need to master as a public speaker.  Instead，you are required to look directly into the camera.  

 There is no room for small talks when making an online presentation.  Ensure that your speech or presentation has a flow that the audience can follow without getting lost. You should also note that audience members are not prohibited from leaving and there's no social pressure to keep them there. So be sure not to bore them with too many irrelevant stories. 

 At times，especially during bigger events，there may be many tools and software features that you need to enable to be at your best.  During such situations，you can talk through the disturbance as you work to get the problem fixed. The audience might be more willing to wait for you as you work on your technical problem，unlike when you decide to just go quiet without letting them know why. 

  This is all thanks to the convenience virtual events have brought to us. Nevertheless，you will still need to stay ahead of the trends to boost your online presentation skills. 

 A．If it is a virtual event，you need to be precise and to the point. 

 B．Now more and more people continue following the new trend. 

 C．This way，your eyes will appear to be looking directly at your viewers. 

 D．However，we all know how technology is，and the fact is that it might fail us. 

 E．Furthermore，adapting your delivery to audience reaction was also demanded. 

 F．So it will help to get familiar with the tools and software before the presentation. 

 G．When presenting online，however，you are not always able to see your audience. 

 There's no doubt that language in all its richness — written，spoken，sung or read aloud — plays a crucial role in our early development. It has become increasingly common to begin teaching children literacy（读写能力）skills at an early age. The thinking often goes that starting early gives children more time to learn and get ahead. 

 However，many studies show little benefit from an early overly-academic environment. Children who attend academically focused preschools do not have higher academic abilities in later grades than those who did not，several studies now show. Too much academic pressure may even cause problems in the long run. A study published in January 2022 suggested those who attended preschools with a strong academic emphasis，showed lower academic achievements a few years later，compared to those who didn't. 

Anna Cunningham，a senior lecturer in psychology at Nottingham Trent University who studies early literacy，argues that if a setting is too academically focused early on，it can cause the teachers to become stressed over tests and results，which can in turn affect the kids. "Academic requirements early on don't end up being meaningful. Children end up memorizing rather than understanding context，"adds Anna.

 In many countries，formal schooling starts at 4. But not everyone favors an early start. In Finland，often known as the country with one of the best education systems in the world，children begin school at seven. Despite a later start，Finnish students score higher in reading comprehension than students from the UK at age 15. Besides，the Finnish kindergarten years are filled with more play and no formal academic instruction. 

 Research also found that later readers catch up — even are slightly better than the early readers in comprehension abilities. Learning later allows children to more efficiently match their knowledge of the world to the words they learn. So our craze with early literacy appears to be somewhat unfounded. 

 Leisure is the prize，right? We work hard，so we want to play hard；we look forward to our time off，believing that the more leisure time we have，the better life will be.  

 However，research shows that both having and deciding how to spend leisure time can be very stressful. Some people feel enormous pressure to make the best use of their free time with the best choices. But this pressure to maximize our fun might impede the enjoyment of leisure itself. 

 Two-thousand years ago，concepts of work and leisure were associated with slavery（奴隶制）and freedom，respectively. In Ancient Greece，most of work was done by slaves，while wealthier parts of society pursued other activities. Leisure was an active state of mind. Good leisure meant playing sports，learning music theory，debating with qualified partners，doing philosophy，etc. Leisure was not easy，but it was supposed to be satisfying. 

 A shift occurred when the Romans started viewing leisure as a way of getting back energy in preparation for more work. By the 1800s，the kind of leisure that showed social class had shifted too；the wealthy led extremely free lives. A popular example is Walter Benjamin's description of the fashion，around 1893，to walk through streets with a turtle（乌龟）on a chain. 

 Today we're seeing yet another change：a lack of leisure time now operates as a powerful social class symbol. On Twitter，celebrities complain about having no life and being in desperate need of a vacation. In the workplace，being part of the long-hours working culture is still seen by many as an honour. 

 Some people really struggle to enjoy time off. People from America support the belief that leisure is wasteful. Only 14% of Americans take two weeks' vacation in a row，a finding in keeping with the overwork culture. The same study reports that as of 2017，54% of American workers didn't use up their vacation time，leaving 662 million days reserved for leisure unused. 

 The national statistics showing a decline in bike ridership are a bit misleading. It is indeed down in rural and suburban areas — but cities tell a different story. Biking in cities has exploded recently with millions of Americans mounting bicycles for the first time in years. Is it the start of a long-term trend? 

 There are good reasons to hope so. Transportation is the largest source of greenhouse emissions (排放) in the U.S., and cars and light trucks account for 58 percent of transportation emissions. Switching from cars to bikes cuts emissions much faster than switching to electric cars. 

 And motor vehicle accidents still kill more than 39,000 Americans a year — including more than 700 cyclists. Some 70 percent of people surveyed in the U.S. say they're interested in biking. Why don't they bike more? It comes down to safety. Half of the people surveyed said they were， understandably，too afraid to bike on the street. 

 Putting a painted biking path on a 40-mph road is not going to appeal to potential cyclists afraid of a close encounter with a car. Bike safety isn't about painting bike paths on every street. It's about creating bike networks that can take you safely from point A to point B. Good bike networks are made of things like greenways，protected bike paths with physical barriers separating riders from cars，and quiet streets. 

 The good news is that bike networks were expanding in the U.S. years ago. Between 1991 and 2021，there was a six-fold increase in painted，off-road paths，from 5,904 miles to 39,329 miles. And the increase in protected bike paths is even more dramatic：Their total length，nationwide，went from only 34 miles in 2006 to 425 miles in 2018. In fact，cities in the West and East are leading the pack，but the trend is nationwide. 

 The Nobel Prize in literature has been awarded to the novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah，for his concern for refugees（难民）between cultures and continents. Gurnah，72，is the first black writer to receive the prize since Toni Morrison in 1993，and some observers saw his selection as a corrective after years of European and American Nobel winners. 

Growing up in Zanzibar，Abdulrazak Gurnah never considered the possibility that he might one day be a writer. "It never occurred to me，" he said in an interview. Then，in 1964，a violent protest forced Gurnah，when he was 18，to escape to England. Poor and homesick，he began to write something about home in his diary，then longer passages，then stories about other people. Those reflections，the habit of writing to understand and document his own lives，eventually gave rise to his first novel，then nine more. They include Memory of Departure，Pilgrims Way and Dottie ， which all deal with the immigrant experience in Britain；Paradise shortlisted for the Booker Prize in 1994，about a boy in an East African country hurt by colonialism；and Admiring Silence，about a young man who leaves Zanzibar for England，where he marries and becomes a teacher.

The news of Gurnah's Nobel was celebrated by fellow novelists and academics who have long argued that his work deserves a wider audience. His longtime editor，Alexandra Pringle at Bloomsbury，said Gurnah's win was "most deserved "for a writer. "He is one of the greatest living African writers，and no one has ever taken any notice of him and it's just killed me. I posted a video on the social network last week and in it I said that he was one of the people that had been just ignored. And now this has happened，"she said.