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Taking good care of your teeth may be linked to better brain health, according to a study published in the July 5, 2023, online issue of Neurology. "Our study found that gum(牙龈) disease and tooth loss were linked to brain shrinkage(萎缩)in the hippocampus, which plays a role in memory and Alzheimer's disease, "said study author Satoshi Yamaguchi, Ph. D. of Tohoku University in Sendai, Japan.

The study involved 172 people without memory problems. Their average age was 67. Participants had dental exams and took memory tests at the beginning of the study. They also had brain scans to measure the volume of their hippocampus at the beginning of the study. This was measured again four years later. For each participant, researchers counted the number of teeth and checked for amount of gum disease. 

Researchers found that the number of teeth and amount of gum disease was linked to changes in the left hippocampus of the brain. For people with mild gum disease, having fewer teeth was associated with a faster rate of brain shrinkage, which is the same for people with severe gum disease having more teeth. After adjusting for age, researchers found that for people with mild gum disease, the increase in the rate of brain shrinkage due to one less tooth was equal to nearly one year of brain aging. By contrast, for people with severe gum disease, the increase in brain shrinkage due to one more tooth was equal to 1. 3 years of brain aging. 

"These results highlight the importance of preserving the health of the teeth and not just maintaining the teeth, "Yamaguchi said. "The findings suggest that controlling the progression of gum disease through regular dental visits is crucial, and that teeth with severe gum disease may need to be removed and replaced with appropriate false ones. "

Yamaguchi said future studies are needed with larger groups of people. The limitation of the study is that it was conducted in one region of Japan, so the results may not be applied toot her locations. 

People who have trouble walking or moving around often have a hard time enjoying the beach. But hundreds of beaches in Greece now offer a new way for people in wheelchairs to get in to the water by themselves. It's called Seatrac. 

Seatrac is basically a chair on a moving ramp(活动梯)that can smoothly carry a disabled person into the sea. Once in the sea, the person can either remain in the chair, enjoying the water, or go for a swim. The chair is operated by remote control. When the person is ready to get out of the water, the Seatrac system brings the chair back to the top of the ramp. It's even possible to take a shower in the Seatrac chair after going for a swim. 

Seatrac was invented and developed in Greece. The idea for it came when one of the inventors, Ignatios Fotiou, was talking with a friend who used a wheelchair The friend said he enjoyed the sea, but didn't like having to be carried into the ocean as if lie were a"sack of potatoes". Mr. Fotiou realized that there must be a way to make it easier for wheelchair users to enjoy the water. He worked with his partner and a professor at a Greek university to design the system. In time, they formed a company called TOBEA to build and sell the systems.

The company worked hard to make the system simple to put in place and easy to run. A wooden walkway allows wheelchair users to reach the Seatrac. The system is solar powered and can continue to run even if the electricity goes out. The Scatrac system can easily be packed up and stored when swimming season ends. 

This summer, the Seatrac system is being used at over 220 beaches in Greece, Cyprus, Italy, and Latvia. Thanks to Seatrac, people who use wheelchairs now have the chance to cool down with a dip in the sea. 

Why are so many people crazy about travel?Your best friends, your cousin, and your parents are all out and about traveling the world. Do you wonder why?Why are so many people going through the pain of airport security, crowded airlines, taxis, buses, and dirty clothes in suitcases?

We often get questions asking us why people travel. Honestly, for the majority of people, it is not charming. Not everyone gets to travel first class to 5-star hotels in top cities. We once saved a lot of money to spend at the Hotel Pulitzer Amsterdam, but we can't do it all the time. However, why do many people choose to travel?

Think about it this way:when you were a kid growing up, you were excited every time you got a new toy. You probably played with that toy for hours until a new toy came along. That's how people become addicted to traveling. Every time a person travels, it is like getting a new toy. A new city brings new people, language, culture, stores, food, streets, and transportation. All of these aspects of a city(or town)are exciting in their own way. 

You never know what's around the corner until you look. And, traveling is a constant challenge. When you're thrown into a new culture, it challenges you in different ways. Travel has the unique ability to take you out of your comfort zone and throw you into something completely new. This challenge forces you to try new things and experience new ways of life. 

Some people travel to expand their view of the world. Others travel to grow as people and challenge themselves. Most people travel because they can bring home their experiences and incorporate(融入)them into their everyday life. Try it out for yourself —you might just be-come addicted to travel too. 

Doing exercise regularly not only helps you keep slim, but also improves your overall health and well-being. Different exercises produce different results, as they concentrate on alternate parts of the body. There are four broad exercise categories: endurance, strength, flexibility, and balance. Many people often only focus on one exercise type, but including all four in your workout will produce better results and reduce your risk of injury. 

Endurance

Endurance exercises boost your breathing and heart rate. By doing endurance exercises, you are working to keep your heart, lungs, and blood-flow system healthy while improving your total fitness. Over time these activities will make daily activities seem easier. 

Strength

If you want to build up your muscles, then strength exercises, which are also known as "resistance training", are right for you. Even the slightest increase in strength can make a huge difference in your ability to carry out daily tasks. Developing strong muscles also reduces your risk of weak bones.

Flexibility

Flexibility exercises help stretch your body's muscles. This allows for more freedom of movement for other exercises and can also improve your range of motion, posture, ability to breathe deeply, and blood flow. Also, it reduces the muscle tension caused by stress. 

Balance

Balance exercises help prevent falls and are especially important to older adults, helpingthem stay independent. Most good balance exercises are ones that keep you constantly movingwith your feet on the ground. Heel-to-toe walking and standing on one foot are simple ways toimprove balance. 

假定你是李华，你的外教Novak精通小提琴，而你擅长琵琶（Chinese lute），你想跟他互相学习。请你给他写一封信，内容包括：1. 钦佩他的演奏；2. 提出互相学习。

注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 信的开头和结尾已为你写好。

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Mary is one of my classmate, who I admire very much. She is cheerful but friendly, keeping smiling at others. That impresses me most is her sweet voice. The sound of her singing is as a waterfall on a mountain, flowed effortlessly and leaving a sense of calm. She is very focused when singing. Much of us usually hear her to sing songs after class. She always active participates in local music contests. So far, she won two prizes in our city. She also teaches us to sing. As a result, influencing by her, more and more students in our class like to sing. 

Diesel engines（柴油机） work on the same basic principles gasoline engines, but they do the work differently. Let's take a closer look.

The story of the diesel engine actually begins with the invention of the gasoline engine. Nikolaus August Otto （invent） the gasoline engine in 1861. His invention used the four-stroke combustion（四冲程燃烧） principle, also known as the "Otto Cycle", is the basis for most car engines today. In its early stage, the gasoline engine wasn't very efficient, and other major methods of transportation, such as the steam engine, performed （poor） as well. Only about 10 percent of the fuel （use） to power these types of engines actually moved a vehicle. The rest of the fuel simply produced useless heat.

Rudolf Diesel created an engine with high efficiency, and he devoted much of his time to （develop） a "combustion power engine". By 1892 Diesel had obtained a patent for we now call the diesel engine.

For decades, diesel engines had a reputation for being dirty and loud. While Europe adopted the technology pretty widely, most （drive） in the United States said, "No, thank you. " By the 21st century, though diesel engines became far cleaner, much （quiet） and even more efficient, they experienced a setback in popular opinion because of ascandal（丑闻） in 2014. Thanks to （they） proven efficiency, though, diesel engines are regaining some ground.

Lisa was a teacher of my two sons. In 2000, she 1 to teach my elder son, Bob, who had difficulty in writing and reading. It took Lisa much patience to 2 Bob. With her special education, Bob 3 in his class and was finally admitted to a Chinese university with excellent grades. I 4 believed it was Lisa's special teaching style that made Bob finally 5 out. Years later, my complete 6 was confirmed again.

Luckily, my younger son, Mike, also studied in Lisa's class. Lisa made a bigger 7 on him. "Every student is unique, so 8 teaching is the key, " she said. "Every man has his price. " Because she was aware of her students' 9 , she designed multiple schemes to guide the children.

Mike's grades had fallen behind other students. It was a challenge for Lisa to teach him whose grades were at the 10 of the class. Lisa learned Mike had a（n） 11 personality. He liked meeting friends, loved chatting with them and enjoyed their 12 . It was because he often stayed with others that he didn't have enough time to focus on his 13 . Lisa not only taught Mike to 14 life and learning but also 15 time—most for study and some for fun. She even invited Mike's best friend to learn together with him and 16 them after school. Eventually, they significantly raised their scores. However, Lisa reminded me that it wasn't the scores but the 17 that mattered. She couldn't be more proud of my son's stepping 18 .

In terms of child education, Lisa is a（n） 19 example to all. Although Mike has graduated, I can't be more 20 . I really want to say to her again, "Thanks. "

Your guide to a no-spend challenge

A no-spend challenge isn't about total deprivation（剥夺） or freezing your bank account. . The most common form of the challenge is to purchase only necessities and restrain from buying wants and impulse desires.

Assessing and prioritising needs

Before delving（深入探究） into the no-spend challenge, take the time to assess and differentiate your essential needs from your wants. Identify recurring bills, necessary expenditures and essential items. Distinguish them from free spending on non-essential products and services. This initial step lays the foundation for a realistic and sustainable challenge. . 

Creating a realistic budget

A successful no-spend challenge is rooted in the development of a well-crafted budget that reflects your financial reality. . Allocate specific amounts for variable expenses such as groceries and bills, enhancing accountability and providing a clear roadmap for responsible spending during the challenge. 

Support system

. A firm support system that understands and respects your financial goals createsa positive environment, fostering motivation and solidarity. Share tips, experiences and celebrate milestones together, turning the challenge into a shared journey towards financial consciousness. 

As your challenge concludes, take enough time to reflect on the entire experience. What insights did you gain into your spending habits and priorities? Identify positive changes you want to maintain and integrate them into your long-term financial strategy. 

The no-spend challenge is not merely a temporary exercise; it serves as a catalyst for enduring financial wellness. Embrace the journey, learn from the experience and watch as your financial goals transform into realities. 

A. Establishing long-term habits

B. Understanding the no-spend challenge

C. It ensures that crucial aspects of your life remain unaffected

D. Begin by outlining your income, fixed expenses and any upcoming financial goals

E. Share your commitment with friends and family, encouraging them to support your effort

F. The no-spend challenge serves as an opportune moment to cultivate mindful spending habits

G. It represents a conscious decision to redirect your financial focus and control your spending habits

Researchers have proposed a novel method for counting and tracking vehicles on public roads, a development that could improve current traffic systems and help travelers get to their destinations faster. 

Using the cameras already installed on campus buses at the Ohio State University, researchers proved that they could automatically and accurately measure counts of vehicles on urban roadways, detect objects in the road and distinguish parked vehicles from those that are moving. 

In previous studies, Ohio State researchers found that using these mobile cameras provides much better spatial and temporal （时间的） coverage than relying on often temporarily placed sensors that don't provide a view of many streets and roads in a city.

"If we collect and process more high-resolution（高清的） spatial information about what's happening on the roads, then planners could better understand changes in demand, effectively improving efficiency in the broader transportation system, " said Keith Redmill, lead author of the study.

"If we can measure traffic in a way that is as good or better than what is conventionally done with fixed sensors, then we will have created something incredibly useful extremely cheaply, " he said. "Our goal is to start building a system that could do this without much manual intervention because if you want to collect this information over lots of potential vehicles and lots of time, it's worth fully automating that process. "

While still a long way from total implementation（实施）, the study suggests the system's results bear promise for the future of intelligen t trafficsurveillance. Transportation planners, engineers and operators make vital decisions about the future of our roadways, so when designing transportation systems to work over the next 30 to 50 years, it's necessary that we give them data that allows them to improve the efficiency of the system and the level of service provided to travelers.