相关试卷
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1、Should artificial intelligence be used to improve decision-making in the court of law? According to a new working paper, not only does one example of an AI algorithm (算法) fail to improve the accuracy of judicial calls (司法判决) , but on its own, the technology also fares worse than humans. While criminal justice sector sometimes uses AI recommendations, humans are usually the final decision-makers. The researchers took this into account by comparing criminal bail (保释) decisions made by a single judge with recommendations generated by an AI system.
The randomized controlled experiment was conducted in Dane County, Wisconsin, focusing on whether arrestees were released on their own recognizance or subjected to cash bail. The researchers led by Imai and Jim Greiner set their sights on hearings held by a single judge and also analyzed the arrest data on the former arrestees for up to 24 months later. Results showed that AI alone performed worse than the judge in predicting re-crime. "I was surprised by this," Greiner said. "It seems that this algorithm had been set to be too severe and recommended measures that were too heavy."
However, this issue could be fixed by recalibrating the algorithm. "It's a lot easier to understand and then fix the algorithm or AI than the human," Imai said. The advantage of AI or an algorithm is that it can bring equality. The AI studied here just focused on age and nine factors related to past criminal experiences, instead of some other societal factors such as race. He acknowledged that the study's findings may be cause for concern, but he noted that people have prejudice as well.
The way the criminal justice system is currently using AI as well as unguided human decisions should be studied with an eye to making improvements, Greiner added. "I don't know whether this is comforting, but my reaction to people who are afraid or skeptical of AI is to be afraid and skeptical of AI, but to be potentially more afraid or skeptical of unguided human decisions."
(1)、What does the new working paper suggest?A、AI can replace human judges. B、AI recommendations are crucial to judicial decisions. C、AI guarantees the fairness of judicial work. D、AI performs worse than humans in judicial calls.(2)、Why did Greiner feel surprised at the experiment results?A、The arrestees' data were uncontrolled. B、The algorithm was beyond understanding. C、They differed from what he had expected. D、The experiment ignored societal factors.(3)、What does the underlined word "recalibrating" mean in paragraph 3?A、Recovering. B、Readjusting. C、Reconfirming. D、Restricting.(4)、What concern did Greiner express in the last paragraph?A、Human social status affects decision fairness. B、AI's role in the justice system is underestimated. C、AI has limitations compared to human decision-making. D、Human decisions without monitoring are problematic. -
2、Vicky Lee, the founder and head coach of Slamin Tennis & Fitness, began her tennis journey at a young age. Just like many of us, she started by hitting a ball against a wall. Her parents, who were also tennis players, encouraged her to take lessons at a local club after finding a flyer in the mail. Looking up to Steffi Graf and Andre Agassi as her role models, Vicky worked hard, training up to 25 hours a week, to become an excellent player.
Vicky's dedication paid off when she received a full scholarship to Marshall University in the USA. She chose the university because it allowed her to balance professional skill development with her studies. This became a key moment in her life. At Marshall, Vicky excelled, becoming a Women's Tennis Association (WTA) world ranking holder and a certified professional coach. However, a severe injury ended her competitive career, leading her to start a new chapter as a coach.
As a coach, Vicky enjoys meeting new people and helping players grow, both on and off the court. Her program, Slamin Tennis, encourages young coaches and works with 16 local schools to teach tennis to children. Vicky commits to creating individual pathways for players, such as under-10 and under-12 groups, and getting them into competitions early to develop their skills.
Vicky's passion for tennis is evident in her awards, including the Tennis Victoria's
Excellence in Coach Award and the TCAV Coach of the Year. What's more impressive is her commitment to inclusiveness (包容), providing opportunities for people with disabilities through special programs. Having experienced exclusion due to a vision problem in her childhood, Vicky is a strong advocate for inclusion in sports.
Vicky's love for tennis is matched by her love for inspiring young people and making them feel valued. Outside of tennis, she also enjoys mountain bike riding. Her unique journey from player to coach to founder shows her dedication to the sport and to creating a welcoming environment for all players.
(1)、How did Vicky Lee start her tennis journey?A、By learning from the top tennis players. B、By watching tennis matches on TV. C、By playing with friends at a club. D、By practicing hitting a ball alone.(2)、What marked the key turning point in Vicky Lee's tennis journey?A、Coaching an Olympic team. B、Winning the first WTA's title. C、Getting a scholarship to a US university. D、Acquiring professional qualification for tennis.(3)、What can we know about Vicky Lee's approach to coaching?A、She focuses mainly on young coaches. B、She values winning matches more than personal growth. C、She prefers to work with professional athletes. D、She emphasizes early skill development in young players.(4)、Why does Vicky Lee advocate inclusiveness in her coaching?A、To avoid competition among players. B、To ensure all players feel welcome and valued. C、To cooperate mainly with experienced coaches. D、To increase the number of participants in her programs. -
3、King's College, one of the 31 colleges that make up the University of Cambridge, is easily recognisable as one of the most famous sights for its architecture in Cambridge. Lying between King's Parade and the River Cam, the college was founded in 1441 by Henry VI. The building is regarded as one of the greatest examples of late Gothic English Architecture.
During the Cambridge and King's College & Chapel Tour, our expert guides will take you on an enjoyable tour of King's College — full of interesting historical facts and fascinating stories.
Some of the highlights include:
·The chapel that took 100 years to complete
·King's College Chapel — the finest example of Perpendicular Gothic Architecture in Europe
·The magnificent fan-vaulted ceiling, largest of its type in the world
·The most complete set of 16th-century stained glass
In addition, you will see more iconic sights such as the Senate House, the Old Cavendish Laboratory, Gonville and Caius College, the Corpus Clock and much.
Tour details
Tours run every Saturday at 1pm with additional days and dates added from Easter.
Advance booking is advised.
Tours are 90 minutes long.
Tours cost £35 per person (£25 per child). This includes your entrance ticket to King's College.
Our Cambridge Highlights and King's College public walking tours depart from The Cambridge Tourist Information Centre 11 Guildhall, Peas Hill, Cambridge CB2 3PP.
Please arrive 10 minutes before your tour is due to start.
Your guides will make themselves known to you. They will be wearing the official Green or Blue Badges to show they are qualified guides.
Contact: 01223752660/sales@cantabtours.com
(1)、What is the most remarkable feature of King's College Chapel?A、The 16th-century stained glass. B、The Perpendicular Gothic Architecture. C、The money offered to build the chapel. D、The huge clock.(2)、What can be learned about the tour details?A、The tour is 2 hours long. B、The tours are only available during the summer. C、The tour includes an entrance ticket to King's College. D、The tour guides wear badges indicating their experience.(3)、What time should visitors arrive before the start of the tour?A、5 minutes early. B、10 minutes early. C、15 minutes early. D、20 minutes early. -
4、阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As a young child, I used to have no confidence in myself. Even when I was in the sixth grade, I still couldn't ride a bike smoothly, a skill that many of my friends had mastered at a younger age. It made me feel like a slow learner, and the more I compared myself to others, the more I felt hopeless.
However, my elder brother Bob, who was always my source of inspiration and support, noticed my problem. He believed that I could get over this challenge, and he offered to help me learn how to ride a bike. At first, I was doubtful, thinking that I couldn't master it. But Bob's trust in me finally convinced (说服) me.
One day, we decided to go to a small slope (斜坡) near my home. Bob believed that it could make it easier for me to learn to ride. As we walked towards the slope, he kept encouraging me, "It's not as hard as you think. You just need to get on and give it a try."
Once we reached the slope, Bob first explained the basic rules of riding a bike and the importance of keeping balance. Then he helped me onto the bike and gave me a gentle push. All at once, I felt the wind rushing past me as I started rolling down the slope. My heart was a mixture of excitement and fear. I couldn't focus on keeping my balance or keeping the bike in the right direction so my first try ended in hitting into the bushes (灌木丛) beside the slope unluckily. It was too much pain. As I stood up from the ground, the thought of giving up came flooding my heart.
注意:1.续写词数应为150个左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Just at that moment, Bob rushed over.
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With such encouragement, I pulled myself together and biked again.
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5、假定你是李华,你打算周末邀请你的英国好友 Jocy 一起去爬山。请给她写封邮件,内容包括:
1. 爬山时间、地点;
2. 山上景点介绍;
3. 物品准备。
注意:1. 写作词数应为80个左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Jocy,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
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6、When I first read the wonderful book The Secret by Rhonda Byrne, I was in Grade 9. I came to know about it from my sister. When I came to Grade 10, I started1 what I learned from the2 to my daily life. I have many3 in my life, and my biggest one was to be a member of our school football team. So I started4 the scene of being allowed to join the5 that I had been dreaming about.
Then the day came that my first round to6 the football team was going to happen. The result came out but7 I did not succeed in the first round. I was feeling a bit depressed (沮丧) due to much time I spent preparing for it. But, soon I tried to find a(n)8. I waited for the second round. Deep inside my mind, I was quite sure that I was going to be a9 because I had always10 one particular teaching from the book. That is when something bad happens, something11 will surely happen.
After six months, the second round was12 and it became the best day of my life because I had13 my dream.
From my14, the really important things to be noted are to hold on to your dreams and you must have15 in your ability.
(1)A 、writing B 、applying C 、comparing D 、limiting(2)A 、book B 、family C 、news D 、movie(3)A 、worries B 、troubles C 、chances D 、dreams(4)A 、accepting B 、recording C 、imagining D 、covering(5)A 、school B 、office C 、library D 、team(6)A 、try out for B 、stand by C 、catch up with D 、cheer for(7)A 、anxiously B 、luckily C 、sadly D 、actively(8)A 、solution B 、excuse C 、result D 、difference(9)A 、coach B 、winner C 、singer D 、reader(10)A 、forgotten B 、designed C 、explored D 、trusted(11)A 、humorous B 、strange C 、good D 、dangerous(12)A 、advanced B 、announced C 、improved D 、canceled(13)A 、achieved B 、kept C 、stopped D 、started(14)A 、comment B 、experience C 、strength D 、failure(15)A 、difficulty B 、interest C 、confidence D 、success -
7、Cultural tourism is a form of travel that focuses on exploring and experiencing the cultural heritage and traditions of a particular destination. Cultural tourism is a good way to enrich your experience as a tourist..
Cultural tourism helps to encourage the protection of culture and heritage by keeping endangered traditions alive. For example, heritage handicraft skills (手工技能) might be little practical, but outside interest could be enough to safeguard a tradition that might otherwise have been lost.
Cultural tourism also improves education., such as workshops, language lessons, or historical tours. They can learn about the traditions and customs of different cultures, and enrich their knowledge and experiences.
However, when cultural practices and traditions are presented only for tourism purposes, they may lose their true meaning and become superficial (表面的) performances aimed at entertaining tourists..
In addition, a lot of tourists can put a pressure on local resources., which leads to overcrowding, too much pollution and damage to historical sites.
Most importantly, cultural tourism may lead to the loss of cultural diversity. As destinations become more popular to mass tourism, there is a risk of homogenization, where cultural practices and traditions become standardized to the tastes and expectations of tourists.
, can the benefits outweigh the downsides.
A. Only when culture tourism is managed properly
B. This can lead to a misunderstanding of the culture
C. It is important to improve cultural understanding and respect
D. Because cultural tourism often involves travelling to far areas
E. Travelers have the chance to take part in educational activities
F. But it's worth noting that this type of travel has both benefits and downsides
G. Popular cultural destinations often experience an increase in the number of visitors
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8、When 62-year-old fisherman Kpana Charlie has finished placing the day's catch in his nets, he likes to sit on his wooden chair and let his mind go back to his childhood. Back then, his home on Sierra Leone's Nyangai Island seemed like a paradise (天堂).
He spent endless hours playing with his friends on the island's shining white beaches. He liked to kick around a soccer ball on the sports field in his village, and in mango season, he would shake the trees to collect their colorful fruit. Whenever he wanted to avoid doing his homework, he could simply disappear into the thick forest that covered much of the island.
Today, Nyangai is disappearing, swallowed up by the sea. As recently as ten years ago, it still measured some 2, 300 feet from end to end. What's left today is a patch of (一片) sand which is 300 feet long and 250 wide. The forests are gone, flooded by saltwater. The soccer field lies under water for 22 hours of the day. And the land on which Charlie's family home once stood, the home he was born in, has been disappearing under the waves. In as little as two years, Charlie fears, Nyangai may no longer exist at all.
With nearly a third of its population living in coastal areas, and its heavy reliance on agriculture and fishing, Sierra Leone has been treated as one of the world's most vulnerable countries to the effects of climate (气候) change.
Gabriel Jaka, head of operations for the country's Meteorological Agency, says the reason for Nyangai's troubles is clear. "We're seeing a significant sea-level rise and these people don't have any proper defenses," he says. "All they have are sandbags. If we don't act now, the effects on people are just going to get worse."
(1)、What do the figures in paragraph 3 show?A、Nyangai is large in area. B、Nyangai has a long history. C、Nyangai is being destroyed by humans. D、Nyangai is suffering a lot from a sea-level rise.(2)、What does the underlined word "vulnerable" in paragraph 4 mean?A、Far-reaching. B、Protected. C、Easy to be attacked. D、Difficult to keep in touch with.(3)、How does Gabriel Jaka feel about people's future life in Nyangai?A、Worried. B、Calm. C、Unconcerned. D、Hopeful.(4)、What's the purpose of the text?A、To introduce a poor fisherman. B、To call for actions to fight climate change. C、To present a fisherman's old hometown. D、To show the destruction of the forest. -
9、Some Christmas traditions are pretty standard in mainstream (主流) American culture: put up the tree, string up the lights, visit grandma, and so on.
Then there's the one my Colombian family does every year: the Novena de Aguinaldos. We pray (祈祷) for nine days without a stop, and this Novena counts down the nine days before Christmas. Most Americans have never heard of it, but in Colombia, it's a big deal.
Like all good traditions, especially around the holidays, this tradition is about community and getting together with friends and family. My family immigrated (移民) from Colombia when I was just two months old. Every year, we gather with a group of Colombian friends for as many of the nine nights as we can.
There are three parts to the Novena de Aguinaldos. The first is the reading: each kid takes turns to read a book. Next comes the gozos, which means "The Joys". That's where the music comes in, and everyone gets an instrument, a maraca, a drum, a tin can — whatever you can use to make a sound. And then, the villancicos — Spanish Christmas carols (颂歌) come.
I've lived my whole life in the US. There's not a lot of Colombian culture that we still hang onto. Why do we still carry on with the tradition of celebrating the Novenas, then?
When I asked my parents the other day, the answer was that immigrants didn't belong anywhere — not where you were, nor where you were from. So my parents helped create a space where we did. Even if the Novenas were nothing like what we might have celebrated if we'd stayed in Colombia, the Novenas became the heart of our community.
But our Novenas are starting to feel a little more breakable. It's getting harder and harder for everyone to get together each year. Last year, I was studying abroad in Italy and couldn't make it to any gathering; my brother went off to college and had exams late into December; my sister just moved to a new city, and my parents have taken up jobs in different countries.
(1)、What is paragraph 4 mainly about?A、The process of celebrating the Novena. B、The development of a Colombian tradition. C、The background of the Colombian family. D、The differences between the Novena and Christmas.(2)、Why does the Colombian family celebrate the Novena?A、To remember their dead friends. B、To find a sense of belonging. C、To show their respect for Americans. D、To understand the local culture.(3)、What makes celebrating the Novena difficult for the Colombian family?A、Lack of money. B、Their separate busy life. C、American laws. D、Friends' complaints.(4)、What's the best title for the text?A、Growing Up B、Colorful Culture C、Exploring American Christmas Traditions D、Colombian Family's Novena in the US -
10、Cheng Cheung Hung, a Chinese sprinter(短跑运动员), says Asia's fastest man Su Bingtian is his hero, who was the first Chinese to run 100 meters in 10 seconds in 2015.
"Su Bingtian created a new Asian record. His super performance definitely earned him the title of ‘Su-per'. I had the pleasure of shaking his hand, which was a great inspiration," said Cheng after his competition in China's first Youth Games on Monday.
Four weeks ago, Su delivered a speech, which attracted many young athletes like Cheng Cheung Hung. Cheng not only shook hands with his hero, but also was inspired by Su's speech. "It was truly an enlightening experience for me," recalled Cheng. "Su encouraged us to try and challenge ourselves to break the limit. Combining(结合)talent and hard work together, we can step on the world stage."
Majored in physical therapy(理疗), Cheng has well balanced his school studies and training at university. "The main thing is to do a good job of time management for studying and training," he said. "In the classroom and on the sports field, it's all about learning."
Through studying physical therapy at university, Cheng got a deeper understanding of human body structure and conducted scientific analysis of sprinting. He said he could be aware of the change in his physical state now and immediately correct his training time based on his knowledge and research.
"It would be a great honor to be involved in sports in the future, and to pass on the experience I have learned now to the next generation. I hope to help the development of sports," Cheng said.
(1)、What does Cheng Cheung Hung think of Su?A、Admirable. B、Brave. C、Honest. D、Strict.(2)、What did Su suggest young athletes do in his speech?A、Go abroad for skills. B、Share experience with each other. C、Spare enough time for rest. D、Challenge themselves.(3)、What can we know about Cheng Cheung Hung?A、He is poor at study. B、He came first in the 100-meter race in 2015. C、He earned the title of "Su-per" in his performance. D、He has achieved a balance between study and training.(4)、What does Cheng Cheung Hung say about his study in college?A、It cost him much money. B、It led him to be a scientist. C、It helped him with sports training. D、It wasted too much time. -
11、Until the Road Ends (By Phil Earle)
In this Second World War story, Peggy and her dog Beau are separated when she is sent to the countryside for safety. Left behind in the city, Beau becomes an unlikely hero, searching the streets and helping families as bombs (炸弹) fall around them. Will he and Peggy ever be reunited?
Finding Bear (By Hannah Gold)
In the continuation of The Last Bear, April is home from her adventure but she can't stop thinking about Bear. When she hears that a polar bear has been shot and injured in Svalbard, she believes it is her friend and she sets out on a journey to the northernmost reaches of the Arctic to find him.
Calling the Whales (By Jasbinder Bilan)
Tulsi and her friend Satchen discover a whale trapped in a fishing net. Aiming to free the creature, they repeatedly dive (潜水) down into the sea. But in the end, they have to accept the failure. Heading home to ask for help, they get caught in a storm and their boat overturns. Just as they think all is lost, help arrives from an unexpected source.
City of Horses (By Frances Moloney)
Thirteen-year-old Misty's life is turned upside down when she has to move far away from her friends. Her new home is on an estate (庄园) where horses run free, and she soon gets to know Dylan, a mysterious local boy who loves horses. When the horses come under threat, Misty must find the courage to help save her new home.
(1)、Which book is set in a war?A、Finding Bear. B、Until the Road Ends. C、Calling the Whales. D、City of Horses.(2)、Who wrote the book Calling the Whales?A、Hannah Gold. B、Phil Earle. C、Jasbinder Bilan. D、Frances Moloney.(3)、What do the four books have in common?A、They remind people of the future. B、They show high technology. C、They offer advice on raising animals. D、They are about adventures with animals. -
12、听下面一段独白,回答以下小题。(1)、Which city has made it against the law to send messages while walking?A、Los Angeles. B、Honolulu. C、Philadelphia.(2)、What is the speaker likely to do in a few minutes?A、Go to the police station. B、Make a call. C、Play a video.(3)、What can we know about Kim?A、He had a car accident. B、He enjoyed talking while driving. C、He was punished for using a phone on the road.(4)、Why does the speaker give the talk?A、To make traffic rules. B、To do an experiment. C、To have people focus on the road.
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13、听下面一段对话,回答以下小题。(1)、Where does the conversation take place?A、On a playground. B、In a gym. C、In a classroom.(2)、How does the man find the project?A、Important. B、Costly. C、Time-wasting.(3)、How often does the man plan to work out for the next two months?A、Every day. B、Twice a week. C、Three times a week.
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14、听下面一段对话,回答以下小题。(1)、What is the woman doing?A、Watching movies. B、Cooking. C、Teaching.(2)、When will the man take Kate to the cinema?A、On Friday. B、On Saturday. C、On Sunday.(3)、What's the probable relationship between the speakers?A、Sister and brother. B、Friends. C、Mother and son.
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15、听下面一段对话,回答以下小题。(1)、What does the woman ask the man to do?A、Attend a party. B、Buy some pizza. C、Go to the barber's.(2)、At what time will the man have his hair cut?A、6:00. B、6:45. C、8:30.(3)、What does the man say about his hair?A、It is too short. B、It needs a new style. C、It is too dirty.
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16、听下面一段对话,回答以下小题。(1)、What did the woman do this morning?A、She cleaned the floor. B、She went to see a doctor. C、She called the cleaning company.(2)、Who is Brenda?A、The woman's private doctor. B、The man's sister. C、The man's servant.
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17、What is the woman?A、An actress. B、A director. C、A photographer.
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18、What does the woman prefer?A、Hot coffee. B、Iced coffee. C、Cold soda.
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19、What does the woman advise the man to do?A、Apply for the job online. B、Fill in a form first. C、Have a test.
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20、How will the man help the woman?A、He will use the GPS. B、He will lend his phone to her. C、He will write down the directions.