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A new study by NYU researchers, Erin O'Connor and Robin Neuhaus, examined how articles about screen time resonated with parents, and found that articles combining attention-grabbing language with credible scientific framing (表述) were the most likely to gain immediate and long-term attention on social media. O'Connor says: "Parents deserve information that not only captures their attention, but also supports informed decision-making about their children's development."

O'Connor and Neuhaus analyzed 136 articles published between 2016 and 2021. They used BuzzSumo, a social media analytics tool, to track each article's total social media shares across websites and its evergreen score — to find how much attention the article continued to receive after its initial publication.

Each article was evaluated for two main factors: sensationalism (煽动性) and scientific framing. Sensationalism was measured by the presence of warning language (e. g., "alarming," "skyrocket", "irreversible (不可逆转) damage"), while scientific framing was measured by how well the article explained findings, noted limitations, and gave accurate reporting.

Their analysis revealed that articles with high sensationalism and strong scientific framing achieved the highest immediate shares and long-term attention. In particular, articles that focused on younger children, with a negative view of screen time, and published on popular websites showed stronger performance. Interestingly, warning language alone boosted short-term sharing, but it was only when combined with strong scientific framing that articles kept people interested over time. Additionally, longer articles with more detailed context were more likely to achieve long-term attention.

For the past decade, Lippo has made the same journey at the end of every summer, steering his boat to transfer mussels (贻贝) across the Mar Piccolo, a semi-enclosed bay located between the city and the open sea. Once the lifeblood of a centuries-old tradition, the Mar Piccolo supported generations of mussel farmers, producing 60,000 tons of mussels annually in the early 2000s. However, pollution and heatwaves have since taken a heavy toll, pushing the business into sharp decline and leaving farmers to pay the price.

Now, mussel farmers are pinning their hopes on a plan to restore the polluted Mar Piccolo through phytoremediation (植物修复). In early 2024, geologist Vito Uricchio and his team of researchers launched a pilot project, which focused on depolluting one hectare of polluted land using plants such as the Monviso clone. After a year of planting, chemical analyses revealed significant improvements, demonstrating the method's ability to address both organic and inorganic pollution. The process can treat soil up to 5m deep at a small part of the cost of traditional remediation methods.

Though current research so far shows promise, Werther Nissim, an assistant professor at the University of Milano-Bicocca, says phytoremediation alone is unlikely to fully depollute an area as large as the Mar Piccolo. He adds: "The need for a long time is another bottleneck. The technique should be combined with other more traditional remediation methods."

"Even with the best possible remediation, the benefits would be completely erased by the continuation of polluting activities," Uricchio remains full of fight. "I want to act; I want to remediate as much as possible."

Grandi claims in his latest book, Italian Cuisine Doesn't Exist, the idea that many beloved recipes and products such as cheeses or cured meats have hundreds of years of history is pure fantasy. Most dishes have a shorter history than most people imagine.

Migration is what made Italian cuisine what it is today. In the 19th and 20th Centuries, millions of people left Italy, a poverty-stricken country with limited dietary options, emigrating to South America, North America and European countries. The Italians who landed on New York's Ellis Island left hunger and misery behind. And it was in the "new world", Grandi argues, that Italian immigrants found the wealth and ingredients to create the recipes that eventually popularized Italian food worldwide.

However, many Italians are not familiar with this history. They might imagine that their beloved recipes were born in Italy, passed down, unchanged, from generation to generation and eventually exported abroad by Italian migrants.

Pizza is the most famous example of this. Born as a cheap street food in Naples, in the 19th Century it was synonymous with poverty and dirt. It was in America, says Grandi, that pizza became "red". While fresh tomatoes were among the original toppings, Italian immigrants to the US popularized pizza prepared with tomato sauce, a product that industrialization made easy to access and store. And it was in the US that pizzerias really started to take off. Scholars call this process "the pizza effect": when a product leaves its place of origin, gets profoundly transformed and then returns to its place of origin to be fully embraced in a completely different form.

Our short online courses

There are three collections of courses, categorized according to academic level:

1.Online courses for high school and college students,

2.Masters taster courses,

3.Continuing professional development.

Our short courses include pre-recorded video lectures, readings and interactive activities. You can also interact and collaborate with fellow learners in discussions, forums and group activities.

Course materials can be accessed via web browsers and using the Coursera and Futurelearn mobile apps, compatible with smartphones and tablets.

Registering for a short online course

Once you have chosen your course, you will need to register through either the Coursera or FutureLeam website. Information on how to register can be found on the course page.

All of our online courses are available for free for a limited time, allowing you to explore different subjects and course materials without any financial commitment. The length of time you will have free access may differ between Coursera and FutureLearn, and the different courses. This information will be provided when you enroll.

Certificates

If you wish to earn a certificate once you have completed your course, you can upgrade to obtain a course certificate, for a fee. Upgrading will also provide you with unlimited access to the course materials and assessments.

Pete is one of the kids who, for nine and a half minutes each day, have to3 here to change buses. The station smelled strongly of gas, and the nearby land, once possibly a garden, now lay4 with trash—cans, wrappers, and chicken boxes. Most kids5 their time complaining, but Pete felt restless. He began to think: why not make these minutes6 for him and others.

One Monday, he arrived with bags and gloves. As he piled the7 into bags, his classmates teased: ‘Why8 yourself? It'll just get dirty again!" But Pete persisted. On the weekend, he dragged 12 bags to the landfill.

Next, he spent pocket money on tulips and lavender (薰衣草) seeds. Each day, he9 the soil and watered seedlings. Slowly, green shoots emerged. Teasing turned to awe when blossoms10 color to the cheerless corner. Kids began using trash bins; some even11 to help water.

One afternoon, an elderly man12 Pete. "I used to garden here decades ago." he said, handing Pete a watering can. "You've13 its soul."

Now, "Pete's Patch" thrives. What was once14 is now a symbol of community pride. Pete's story proves that small acts, if patiently nurtured, can grow into something15 .

The more extreme concerns around AI involve what's known as the singularity. In his 2010 paper The Singularity: A Philosophical Analysis, the philosopher David Chalmers describes the singularity as follows: "What happens when machines become more intelligent than humans? One view is that this event will be followed by an explosion to ever-greater levels of intelligence, as each generation of machines creates more intelligent machines in turn. This intelligence explosion is now known as the ‘singularity'." The main worry is that, if such a singularity event were to occur, we'd no longer have authority over what happens in society.

While influential figures across AI research express real concern about the singularity, however, American philosopher Daniel Dennett doesn't buy it. As he puts it, "I am not worried about humanity creating a race of super-intelligent agents, but that does not mean I am not worried. I see other, less dramatic, but much more likely, scenarios in the immediate future that are cause for concern." He argues that smart technology presents us with more practical threats that have a far higher likelihood of occurring. As Dennett clarifies: "The real danger is not that machines more intelligent than we are will usurp (篡夺) our role as captains of our destinies, but that we will overestimate the comprehension of our latest thinking tools, easily ceding (让渡) authority to them far beyond their competence. "

Take transport. It's not just aviation and shipping industries that depend on GPS for safe and efficient navigation: how many individuals now turn to their smartphones instead of using a road map? As Dennett summarizes: "Use it or lose it is the rule of thumb cited at this point. . . how concerned should we be that we are dumbing ourselves down by our growing reliance on intelligent machines? "

Anti-Atlas Mountains

Extending from the Atlantic coast to the edge of the Sahara and with a huge variety of terrain, the Anti-Atlas Mountains cater for even the most indecisive traveller. Above all, Anti-Atlas is agadir country (the word means wall) . The landscape is dotted with these remarkable walls. Built from stone and clay, they were typically set on hilltops or cliffs to provide protection from attack.

The Mediterranean coast

Unlike Morocco's Atlantic coast, the country's Mediterranean coastline is a less well-known destination. Of all the beaches in this area, Plage Ihttpye n is the best. Hidden from view behind two enormous red cliffs east of Port Sidi Hsaïn, and accessible only by a steep rocky path, it's an incredible peaceful and picturesque spot, with crystalline waves lapping against the pebble shore and curious rock formations rising from the waves.

Agadir

Founded in the 16th century by the Portuguese, Agadir quickly became a booming trading post, growing rich on the profits of sugar and spices. In 1960, an earthquake destroyed most of the city and paved the way for its rebirth as a tourist resort. This is the place if you're seeking sun, sand and surf; the coastline around Agadir is the heartland of Morocco's surf scene and you don't have to look far to discover quieter surfing beaches.

Merzouga

Located at the edge of the Sahara's shifting sands, Merzouga has become one of the main desert centers for travellers. The drive there involves a dramatic journey over high mountains and remote river valleys, a panorama (全景) outshone only by the view at the end of the road: the soaring dunes of Erg Chebbi stand in magnificence on the horizon. Climb to the top of the 150-metre-high dunes after the winter rains and you can gaze down on to Merzouga Lake, a watering hole frequented by a colony of flamingos (火烈鸟) and occasional camel herders.

Years ago, someone gave me a little cutting, and I grew a beautiful plant from it, with small, tear-shaped leaves hanging over the edges of the pot.

However, the leaves turned brown and drooped (垂落) so much in winter. Unwilling to give it up, I brought what was left to my mom and asked if she could bring it to life. She just smiled and took the pot from me.

My mom carefully trimmed (修剪) the stems, watered the few surviving parts, and helped the hidden leaves reach the sunlight. The next year, the plant came back to life with fresh green leaves for a few months but withered (枯萎) in winter again.

As the plant grew over years, my mother's health kept getting worse. There were good times and bad times, just like the plant's seasons. Mom told me everyone has "good seasons" and "hard seasons", and life always finds a way to begin again. Just be patient and keep trying when things seem hopeless.

One late winter, when both Mom and the plant were struggling, my Aunt Marion visited. Mom gave her the dying plant to care for. She took it home, determined to help it live .Amazingly, that summer, new leaves grew from the bare plant on her kitchen windowsill. As before, each winter it withered, to be renewed again in late spring. This cycle continued for years until one spring when Aunt Marion thought it was truly dead and threw it away. But my cousin Carole saw the dried plant in the trash and decided to try saving it. She took it to her sunny room. Four women in our family have cared for this plant at different times.

Years later, Mom passed away and I moved far away for a fresh start. Three years later, terribly missing all the relatives, I went back to visit and stayed with Carole.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150个左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

One morning, I noticed a beautiful plant in her window.

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Several days later, I left with some cuttings.

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1.列举数字公民需要具备的素养；

2.阐述你的理由。

注意：

1.写作词数应为80个左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

How to Become a Wise Digital Citizen

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Years ago, Photographer Ren Peng, visited the hometown of his friend Gu Yan, a member of the Lisu ethnic group, in Yanbian County, Panzhihua City, Sichuan Province. Ren (impress) by the labor-consuming traditional techniques of making Lisu costumes, a kind of provincial-level intangible cultural heritage.

Leaves of fire grass, special plant that often grows in southwestern China, are used to make the costumes. "The whole process has over 20 procedures and takes 8 to 12 months to complete, during over 10,000 leaves are required to make just one costume," says Ren.

With excellent breath ability and resistance moisture (水汽), the clothes made from the grass are (high) suited to Lisu peoples' lives in the mountains.

However, the high-level skills and carefully (craft) products are now less recognized. (draw) greater public attention to this valuable cultural heritage, Ren and Gu organized a fashion show themed on Lisu clothing at the China Fashion Week in Beijing recently.

"The show not only displayed traditional handmade Lisu costumes, but also haute couture (高档女子时装) and ready-to-wear (item) inspired by Lisu clothes," says Ren. He highlights a pair of pants which imitate (模仿)traditional Lisu group's pants with very wide legs just like skirts, but the pant bottoms are tied tight by bands for protection from insects and (convenient).

Moreover, many of the sets of clothes showcased by the models featured a distinctive hat formed by a long cloth tied around their heads, (reflect) the traditional headwear of the Lisu people.