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Language, unique symbol of human civilization, has a deep root that (date) back to ancient times. Every dialect carries its own character (specific) and reflects the history, culture and attitudes of its people. Normally (base) on factors like geography, society and trade, these dialects are gradually developing. With the global communication (increase), understanding and appreciating the diversity of languages has become more vital than ever.

the great advancements in educational technology, the struggle to expand one's vocabulary remains a challenge for many learners. This challenge does not only refer to learning new words understanding their varieties of uses. Some believe that having advanced vocabulary is the key to effective communication. One of the equal (require) is regularly burying oneself in reading materials. From their point of view, a positive feeling towards vocabulary learning can make a significant difference. It exposes learners to words in various contexts, (allow) for a richer understanding. After all, words, are more than just signs, are a reflection of our thoughts and world around us. The more international and globalized the world becomes, the more language characteristics will be shared between nations and cultures.

We travelled3 for 19 months from China to South America via Southeast Asia; we had dozens of4, discovered places that would be5 in our memories and got to know other cultures. We first traveled at full speed, and then6 to just take the time — the time to talk, to meet, the time that we often7 in our daily lives.

Then we returned to Switzerland, we found good jobs in Zurich. It was a beautiful8. And 18 months later, what was9 to happen happened! We resigned again to reopen the parenthesis (圆括号) for10 this time. Since then we have taken our work with us in our backpacks and11 our pretty Swiss apartment for a way of life that12 us better: the digital nomad (游牧民) lifestyle.

We have written and shared many blog13 about travelling around the world or long-distance travel. Through our sharing, we hope you will find both useful information and14 that may help you to take your turn in the adventure of a round-the-world trip.

Believe us, you won't15 it!

Every autumn, millions of these beautiful insects with fine black and orange wings begin a long and difficult journey. Somehow they manage to travel around 4, 000 kilometres south and find their way to California or Mexico.

A team of scientists led by Professor Eli Shlizerman at the University of Washington has now found the answer. It uses its eyes to measure the position of the sun. These two pieces of information — the time of day and the point where the sun is in the sky-allow the butterfly to determine the way to go. Eventually, it manages to reach the places where it will spend the winter.

Its population has crashed by as much as 90 per cent in the last few years. Sadly, human activity is the main reason why the number of monarch butterflies is falling. In many of the places where the butterfly can be found, people are destroying the natural environment. They cut down trees and use chemicals. that kill the plants that monarch caterpillars (毛虫) eat.

People have been working together to record its migration and make sure that there are enough plants for it to feed on. If this works, there may come a time when the number of monarch butterflies increases once again. The more we know about this lovely creature, the greater the chance it will survive and keep its place in the natural world for a long time to come.

A. However, until recently no one knew how they did this.

B. They have found out that the monarch is able to tell the time of day.

C. They migrate to find food, seek a partner, or in search of warmer weather.

D. In recent years it has become ever more apparent that monarch butterflies are in rapid decline.

E. The research on the monarch's behavior has however led to a greater awareness of this creature.

F. The solution to the mystery of the monarch's amazing ability comes at a time when it is in serious trouble.

G. The entire journey happens in a few weeks as monarchs flock to the sky for their unbelievable migration.

At the University of Chicago's Human Nature and Potentials Lab, research has shown that children over the age of four can perceive and respond to awe-inspiring experiences. This early sense of awe influences their motivation for learning and self-perception. When exposed to awe-inspiring visuals, such as vast natural scenes or natural disasters, children feel a "small self" compared to their feelings after viewing everyday nature imagery, which makes them more motivated to explore things that interest them and to understand things in the world that they hadn't learned much about yet.

While awe is a highly personal experience, evidence suggests that it has significant social effects. In one experiment, participants who were asked to stand staring at tall trees for a minute were more likely to help others than those who looked at a building, suggesting that being in an awe-inspiring environment increases morality and reduces feelings of self-centeredness.

"This is especially critical in the age of social media," said Dr. Keltner. "We are at this cultural moment of self-center, criticism, and entitlement (优越感); awe gets us out of that. It does this by helping us get out of our own heads and realize our place in the larger context, our communities," he explained. "Might awe cause people to become more invested in the greater good, giving more to charity, volunteering to help others, or doing more to reduce their impact on the environment? Our research would suggest that the answer is yes."

Using metaphors is far more than a poetic device of factual statements. A study conducted at Purchase College found that metaphors can frame people's perspectives, thus shaping their reasoning and subsequent actions. For example, describing the effort to stop climate change as a "war" rather than a "race" caused people to feel more urgency about reducing emissions.

Another example is the lightbulb (灯泡) metaphor commonly used to describe new ideas, suggesting that new thoughts appear suddenly like a light switch being turned on. However, this metaphor proves that new ideas come effortlessly and are accessible only to a select few geniuses, such as Isaac Newton, who supposedly developed his theory of gravity from a sudden insight about a falling apple. It may lead people to question their capability to have new ideas, and as a behavioral result, people mayoverlookthe role of hard work and constant learning in bringing about change.

An alternative way to describe ideas is by comparing new thoughts to seeds that fall on fertile ground and — if cared for-will grow and develop over time. Different from the lightbulb metaphor, the seed metaphor shows an understanding that creating new ideas is a laborious process, which requires time and effort. It also suggests that anybody can be the cultivator of ideas as long as they put their mind to it.

The effects of metaphors show how powerful language can be, even though we often don't realize it. Who'd have thought a simple use of a lightbulb metaphor could affect how we understand the concept of innovation? Given the nature of our metaphorical minds, it is worth asking: are our metaphors suitable? We owe it to ourselves and others to use metaphors appropriately. These choices — conscious or not — can be constructive or destructive.

The two broods are periodical, meaning they only come above ground once every few years. Brood XIII, or the Northern Illinois Brood, surfaces every 17 years. Brood XIX (the Great Southern Brood), which appears every 13 years, will join this spring. This year marks the first time the two broods have appeared in the same year since 1803. It won't happen again for another 221 years.

Shaped like small candy bars with transparent wings, cicadas make up more than 3,000 species. Females typically lay eggs in tree branches, and after a few months, the young cicadas hatch and hide underground. They feed on liquids from tree roots and resurface once mature to lay their eggs. They tunnel from underground, molt (蜕皮) after they come out, and then start searching for a mate. Males make a buzzing sound to attract mates while the females clap their wings in response to the males' mating calls. After mating, the females lay their eggs and the cycle starts again.

While annual cicadas appear every year, periodical broods are only found in certain years and wait until the soil temperature reaches 65 degrees Fahrenheit. Scientists have theorized that by coming out in large numbers all at once, cicadas make it harder for predators to consume them all, increasing the chances of survival for individuals and the continuity of their species.

Researchers also think they understand how cicadas know when another year has passed — the tree they drink gets richer in amino acids once a year when it blossoms. However, they don't know exactly how cicadas track this change in amino acid levels. Martha Weiss, an insect ecologist at Georgetown University, said, "We know that's what they count; where they're putting their little chalk marks on the wall and how they're keeping track of it, we still don't know."

Kennedy Center

Kennedy Center hosts hundreds of world-class performances each year and is home to the National Symphony Orchestra and the Washington National Opera. The Suzanne Farrell Ballet also counts Kennedy Center as its performance headquarters. The company — under the direction of Farrell — was first invited to perform there in 1993 and has since become one of the venue's most famous attractions.

Woolly Mammoth Company

Woolly Mammoth Company is an experimental theatre that welcomes original plays that push the boundaries of live theatre. The New York Times has called it "Washington's most daring theatre company", and the half dozen plays Woolly produces each year continue to live up to that reputation.

Shakespeare Theatre Company

For more than 25 years, Shakespeare Theatre Company has committed itself to serving as the nation's classical theatre. It operates out of two spaces, including Sidney Harman Hall at the Harman Center, which seats 775, and the Lansburgh Theatre, which seats 451. The shiny, glass-walled Harman Center showcases classic Shakespeare plays, modern updates and Shakespeare-inspired original shows.

Wolf Trap

For locals, summer isn't complete without at least one trip to Wolf Trap, the only national park dedicated to the performing arts. The venue is best-known for performances of touring artists. The open-air theatre offers covered seating, but when the weather warms up, we suggest buying seats on the grassland and packing a picnic.

In Gangneung Town, South Korea, lived 70-year-old Park Jun-ho. His wife passed away a year ago, and he had been relying on his adopted dog, Bobby, for company.

One day, an unexpected fire broke out and burned their house to ashes. Park Jun-ho was rescued, together with his wallet and his favorite hat, but he was severely injured. He was quickly sent to the hospital. He was heartbroken, believing that Bobby had been killed in the fire. He would rather have Bobby with him than his personal belongings.

However, Bobby was still alive, though with an injured leg. A journalist, who was covering the story of the fire incident, happened to pass by the ruins of Park Jun-ho's house. He noticed Bobby walking around the remains slowly and sadly. It would stop at certain spots, as if recalling the times it had spent with Park Jun-ho there. It then sat down, its eyes fixed on the path leading to the house, patiently waiting. Every time someone approached, Bobby would stand up, barking to warn them off, as if this place was the last connection it had with its beloved master and it had to protect it at all costs. The journalist saw the dog there every day when he passed by. He was deeply touched and recorded a video of Bobby.

The journalist managed to find Park Jun-ho in the hospital and showed him the video. Seeing Bobby still alive, Park Jun-ho burst into tears. But due to his poor physical condition, he couldn't leave the hospital. He requested the journalist to help Bobby. The journalist recorded Park Jun-ho's voice and placed the recording in a cage (笼子) he bought. Then, he put the cage beside the ruins. When Bobby heard Park Jun-ho's voice, it walked around the cage for a long time and finally entered the cage to listen to the voice. Thus, the journalist successfully took Bobby to the pet hospital.

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But two days passed in the pet hospital, and Bobby refused to eat.

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Bobby smelled Park Jun-ho's personal belongings and saw him in the video.

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1. 方法介绍；

2. 你的评价。

注意：

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Dear Peter and classmates,

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Thank you!

One significant trend is the continuous expansion of AI applications. For instance, in the transportation sector, self-driving vehicles will become more common and reliable. They'll also reduce the number of accidents caused by human errors. It's expected that in the near future, self-driving cars will be a mainstream mode of transportation.

In the field of healthcare, AI will play an increasingly crucial role. It can be used for personalized medicine. By analyzing an individual's genetic data, lifestyle, and medical history, AI systems can predict diseases more accurately and recommend tailored treatment plans.

Another trend is the improvement of AI's cognitive (认知) abilities. AI will be able to understand and generate natural language more proficiently. This means that language translation between different languages will be highly accurate and fluent. Virtual assistants will also become more intelligent and human-like. They are able to have in-depth and meaningful conversations with users, understanding their emotions and intentions better.

There's no doubt that AI will fuel innovation in industrial production. Smart factories will emerge. They can improve production processes, detect faults in real-time, and adjust production parameters (参数) automatically, leading to higher productivity and quality control.

It will reshape various industries and aspects of our lives, bringing about greater convenience, efficiency and progress.
​​​​​​​

A. They will improve traffic efficiency.

B. This will lead to more effective prevention and cures.

C. The challenges of using AI in healthcare are also huge.

D. Firstly, it powers self-driving vehicles to improve traffic safety.

E. Therefore, it will promote global communication and cooperation.

F. Here AI-powered robots and machines can work together efficiently.

G. Obviously, the future of AI technology is filled with unlimited possibilities.

In late 2016, she started dialysis (透析). Finding a human kidney for her was nearly impossible because Looney's body rejected most transplanted kidneys. She knew researchers spent much money studying the potential uses of pig organs in humans. Then, she got connected with transplant surgeon Jayme Locke, who asked the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for permission to perform a xenotransplant — a transplant involving non-human tissues — on Looney. The FDA eventually approved the surgery under a program that allows doctors to perform experimental procedures on patients who have no other options.

The prior two patients to receive gene-edited pig kidney transplants both died later-the first patient died from sudden cardiac arrest (心脏骤停) that doctors said was unrelated to the transplant, and the second needed to have her pig kidney removed after her heart medication damaged it. They were both much sicker than Looney at the time of their procedures and suffered from serious heart disease, which she did not.

Doctors scheduled Looney's procedure for November 25th, 2024. They had made ten genetic edits to the pig to increase the likelihood that Looney's body would accept the foreign tissue. Researchers had previously tested ten-edit pig kidneys in brain-dead human patients, so they had some knowledge about how Looney's body might react. Immediately after the surgeons sewed the pig kidney into place, it turned pink and began making urine-both good signs.

Now Looney is off dialysis and her blood pressure is controlled. For the next three months, she'll stay near the hospital so that doctors can perform daily check-ups. She's also wearing monitors that track her blood pressure, heart rate and other bodily functions. Doctors are watching for early warning signs that her body is rejecting the organ, which is more likely in pig- to-human transplants than in human-to-human transplants. Moving forward, doctors hope to launch a formal clinical trial of ten-edit pig kidneys next year.

They've discovered that planting trees in the Arctic could actually speed up global warming rather than help fight against it. The study comes at a critical time, as various regions, including Alaska, Greenland, and Iceland, have begun carrying out or considering large-scale tree-planting projects in their northern territories. The problem lies in a phenomenon known as the albedo effect-the ability of surfaces to reflect sunlight back into space. The snow-covered ground in the Arctic reflects about 75% of incoming sunlight, while dark evergreen trees reflect only about 10%. This difference means that replacing open plains in Arctic regions with forests actually traps more heat in the Earth's system, despite the trees' ability to capture (捕获) carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

However, the issues don't stop there. When trees are planted in Arctic regions, they disturb the soil, which in these areas serves as one of Earth's largest carbon banks. The Arctic's permanently frozen soils contain more carbon than all the world's plant life combined does. When this soil is disturbed by tree planting and root growth, it gives off stored carbon into the atmosphere, further contributing to global warming.

"Soils in the Arctic store more carbon than all vegetation on Earth," explains lead author Jeppe Kristensen, an assistant professor from Aarhus University. "These soils are extremely sensitive to disturbances. For example, they are affected when people plant trees or conduct agricultural activities there, or when tree roots grow into the soil."

The research team also found that trees in these regions face significant survival challenges. As climate change intensifies, these areas are experiencing more frequent wildfires, droughts, and pest outbreaks. When trees are overcome by these disturbances, any carbon they've stored is released back into the atmosphere. This nullifies the possible advantages they could offer as a means of capturing carbon, making the intended benefits of using trees for carbon capture ineffective.

Back home in D. C. , I found myself thinking recently of Stammtisch. I mentioned it to a German friend, Amrai, as we walked around the zoo with our kids, admiring the goats and alpacas. Amra i laughed and said, "You know there's a Stammtisch in D. C.? It's mostly Germans." I decided to attend it one cold December evening at a restaurant, where I was greeted by a warm atmosphere and lively conversations. The gathering's organizer, Andrea Shalal, described the classic Stammtisch, "A Stammtisch means regulars' table. It's an age-old German tradition where a group of like-minded people — traditionally men — meet up at a restaurant at a regular time to have drinks and chat. In every German village, there is the corner bar, and in the corner is a table. It's reserved for the sort of elders or other regulars."

"Growing up in the 1980s, 1990s, early 2000s, the idea of Stammtisch in Germany's youth was sort of rejected as ‘This is something that our parents' generation, our grandparents' generation, would do'," said Robert Christoffel,45. But he's noticed that's starting to change. ‘A lot of my friends, nowadays, in Germany — maybe because they have gotten a little older as well — they are now meeting up and sort of establishing Stammtisch," he told me.

In modern life, as fewer people go to church, these gatherings can take on even more significance. Werner Hein, who's 80 years old, described the Stammtisch this way, "That's a place where you meet in person. You open up on things, on your very personal things," Hein said. "Nowadays, I have to almost say it's more important than ever to have a kind of Stammtisch."

Capitoline Museum

It was founded in 1471. The ticket price may vary, but generally, it's around 15-20 euros. There're also discounted tickets available for certain groups such as students and seniors. It's usually open from 9:30 a. m. -7:30 p. m. However, it may close earlier on some holidays. It houses a vast and diverse collection. There're a great number of ancient Roman sculptures, including the famous Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius.

Baths of Diocletian Museum

It was built around the ruins of the ancient baths in 1998. The ticket cost is around 7-10 euros. It's open from 9 a. m. -7:30 p. m., Tuesday to Sunday.

It shows the grandeur of ancient Roman architecture as it's situated within the remains of the baths. It has a good number of artworks and archaeological finds related to the baths and daily life in ancient Rome.

Palazzo Massimo alle Terme

It was established in 1889. The entrance fee is approximately 10-12 euros. It also offers combined tickets with other nearby museums. It's open from 9 a. m. -7:45 p. m. The last entry is usually 45 minutes before closing time.

It's famous for its Roman wall paintings, which are well-preserved and offer a vivid picture of ancient Roman life and art.

Ara Pacis Museum

It's eight years younger than Baths of Diocletian Museum. The entrance fee is usually about 10-12 euros.

It's open from 9:30 a. m. -7:30 p. m. It's devoted to the Altar of Augustan Peace. The museum provides a unique view of Roman imperial art and history through its exhibits. It has detailed reliefs (浮雕) on the altar that show religious ceremonies, mythological scenes, and the imperial family. These reliefs are important for understanding the ideology and aesthetics (美学) of the Augustan period.

It was a chilly autumn day in 2009. Megan Atherton and her roommate, Sarah, found themselves standing outside a small mechanic shop in Annapolis, Maryland, with a broken-down car and empty pockets. The two had just been driven out of their apartment and were desperate to find shelter in Megan's hometown of Pittsburgh. They had hoped that their old, reliable car would get them there, but fate had other plans.

As they stood discussing their next move, a kind voice interrupted their conversation. "Are you two in need of some help?" asked Toni Cranston, a woman with a warm smile and eyes that seemed to hold the wisdom of ages. She had overheard their difficulty while waiting for her own car to be serviced.

After listening to what Megan explained to her about their situation, Toni said, "I can take you to Pittsburgh. But I can't leave my cat at home because she has diabetes (糖尿病) and needs her medication. You can stay at my house tonight, and we'll leave first thing in the morning."

Megan and Sarah exchanged surprised looks but quickly accepted, Toni's generous offer. They followed her to her home. Toni also prepared a hearty dinner.

The next morning, as the sun began to rise, Toni packed a small bag for the cat and led Megan and Sarah to her car and sent them' to their destination. Toni refused to accept any payment for her kindness, saying, "Sometimes, people just need a helping hand. Pass it forward when you can."

After that, Megan and Toni lost touch. But nearly 15 years later, Megan still thought about everything Toni had done for her. She couldn't remember Toni's last name, but when Toni's niece heard Megan's story of her unsung hero, she reached out to her aunt.

"My niece kept saying there can't be two Ton is in Ellicott City with a diabetic cat," Toni said. Megan's unsung hero had been found.

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Years after the two women first met, they finally got together in October this year.

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Before they parted, Megan handed Toni a small envelope.

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1. 阅读的重要性；

2. 你的阅读经历。

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My Reading Life

Dear fellow students,

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The University of Arizona announced on Monday that Native American students no longer would have to pay tuition or fees at (it) main campus in Tucson. The university hopes the new program better (serve) the state's large native population.

The program, a first of its kind in an Arizona public university, will be (avail) for students registered to any of the state's 22 (federal) recognized tribes (部落). More than 400 current students will be qualified at the school's main campus in Tucson, the tuition currently is $12,700 per semester.

"The University of Arizona is committed to recognizing and (acknowledge) the history endured by Native American communities," Kasey Urquidez, the school's vice president of enrollment management, said in a statement. "We are committed to promoting success access for Native American students."

The University of Arizona joins number of other public universities offering free tuition to Native American students, including state schools in California, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Montana and Oregon.

The goal of the programs is (erase) some of the barriers to entry for tribal students. About a quarter of Native American students pursue higher education, (compare) to 40% of students overall, according to the Postsecondary National Policy Institute.

We arrived in Xizhou in 2007, and the village took us under its6. We decided to repurpose our courtyard complex into the Linden Center, a name Xilinyuan that7 the Xi of Xizhou and Lin of Linden, which is more than a hotel, but also a hospitality and education retreat, a (n)8 for storytelling with the outside world. About 10 years ago, the Xizhou people started to call me "zhanggui", meaning the head of the hotel. This9 their appreciation for our efforts to highlight their traditions. I am still called by this10 every day in the village.

Now Xilinyuan has branches in11 locations in China. My12 is to help the world better appreciate and respect the Chinese people and culture.

About 2,500 years ago, Confucius expressed what is now the DNA of China's13 with the world: Is it not delightful to have14 coming from afar? We, who15 this hospitality every day, must share these stories.

Have you ever resolved on New Year's Day to start exercising more — only to find that you didn't have the time or couldn't afford expensive lessons, classes, or gym fees? Maybe concerns about injuries kept you on the sideline. Here's why.

You can do it anywhere. Step out your front door. You can walk around areas that you frequent, such as a grocery store, a shopping center, a place of worship, or the homes of friends and family.

Stanford University researchers found that people generated twice as many creative responses to problems when walking compared with sitting. And the creative juices continued to flow even when they sat down after their walk — another good reason to take a walking break during the workday.

You can get "me" time. Heading out by yourself can be a good way to escape the demands and expectations that occupy much of your time. It can be valuable, quiet "me" time, allowing you to return refreshed.

Walking is not only healthy and easy, but it's also fun. To some people, exercise feels like hard boring work. With walking, however, you can attend yourself in multiple ways. You can do it with others. Invite family, friends, or co-workers to join you for a walk.

A. You can be more creative.

B. You can gain a new viewpoint.

C. Take a walk from where you work.

D. It's gentle on your knees and the rest of your body.

E. Walking could just be the way to keep your resolution.

F. As you walk, you can clear your head, relax, and reflect.

G. It's a great way to catch up or get to know someone better.

The study says approximately 48% of existing bird species worldwide are known or suspected to be undergoing population decline. Populations are stable for 39% of species. Only 6% are showing increasing population trends, and the status of 7% is still unknown. The study authors reviewed changes in avian biodiversity using data from the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List of Threatened Species to reveal population changes among the world's 11,000 bird species.

"After documenting the loss of nearly 3 billion birds in North America alone, it was shocking to see the same patterns of population decline and extinction occurring globally," says conservation scientist Ken Rosenberg from the Cornell Lab. "Because birds are highly visible and sensitive indicators of environmental health, we know their loss signals a much wider loss of biodiversity and threats to human health and well-being."

Despite their findings, study authors say there is hope for avian conservation efforts, but transformative change is needed.

"The fate of bird populations is strongly dependent on stopping the loss and degradation of habitats," says Rosenberg. "That is often driven by the demand for resources. We need to better consider how commodity (商品) flows can contribute to biodiversity loss and try to reduce the human footprints on the natural world."

"Fortunately, the global network of bird conservation organizations taking part in this study have the tools to prevent further loss of bird species and abundance," adds Rosenberg. "From land protection to policies supporting sustainable resource use, it all depends on the will of governments and of society to live side by side with nature on our shared planet."