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The team studied the daytime screen-based activities of 475 teenagers using daily surveys. They asked the teens how many hours they had spent that day communicating with friends through social media and how many hours they spent playing video games, surfing the internet and watching television or videos. Finally, the researchers asked if they had joined in any of these activities in the hour before bed.

Next, the team measured their sleep time for one week. The researchers found that the teens spent an average of two hours per day communicating with friends via social media, about 1.3 hours playing video games, less than an hour surfing the internet and about 1.7 hours watching television or videos. For every hour throughout the day that they used screens to communicate with friends, they fell asleep about 11 minutes later averagely. For every hour to play video games, they fell asleep about 9 minutes later. Those who talked, texted or played games in the hour before bed lost the most sleep: about 30 minutes later.

Interestingly, David, lead author of the study, said the team found no obvious relations between passive screen-based activities and sleep. "It could be that passive activities are less mentally exciting than interactive activities," said Anne, co-author of the study. "It's a tricky situation," she said. "These screen tools are really important to everyone nowadays, so it's hard to put a limit on them, but if you're really looking out for a teenager's health and well-being, you might consider limiting the more interactive activities, especially in the hour before bed."

Throughout most of human history, because of lack of food, being active was not a wise choice. As soon as our ancestors were well fed, they rested to save energy, because they did not know where their next meal was coming from. So if you have the urge to sit down rather than go to the gym, you might find comfort in the knowledge that humans have a natural tendency to stay still.

Having said that, a growing number of people in modern society have adopted a sedentary (久坐不动的) lifestyle. Yet, remaining physically inactive is terrible for our health. It is recommended that adults aged 18 to 65 get at least 150 (preferably 300) minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity each week. If this sounds too difficult, here are some tips to help you get motivated.

According to psychologists, there are two kinds of motivation for engaging in any activity: intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation arises from within an individual, while extrinsic motivation relies on external factors.

Do you work out to pass physical fitness tests or for your own sake? Having a clear picture in your mind of what you want to gain from doing exercise can help put your fitness programs into action.To boost your extrinsic motivation, try arranging to meet a friend to exercise together. You will be more likely to follow through because most people don't want to let their friends down. Furthermore, reward yourself with a new piece of sports clothing or shoes that you hope to wear while working out. Be sure to make the reward conditional on doing a certain amount of exercise so that you have to earn it.

Whatever method you adopt, be patient with yourself and keep the long game in mind--it takes around three to four months to get into the habit of regular exercise. After that, the intrinsic motivators will take over to keep your exercise routine going.

Soon, we lost the shyness and started playing with each other, riding bikes to each other's house and having sleepovers. In 7th grade she was going through family problems. However, every summer we would sit at each other's house, watch movies on TV and talk about all the boys we liked.

It was last year that I noticed the problem. She suffered from clinical depression (临床抑郁症), and had to go to a hospital during the day. I was very sorry for her at first. But with the late night calls and meeting each other halfway up the street at midnight, we still stayed in touch. I wanted to be there for her since her new best friend left her, and I knew I still cared about her like a sister.

Yesterday she came to me and said, "I never knew what a best friend was until you were the only person that would stop me from cutting myself and that ever made me feel better about myself and my problems. You didn't know this but I was trying to kill myself that very night you called me and I was crying. I owe you so much, and you didn't even know you were helping me. "

We both cried. And I guess a kind of lesson from my life so far is to never give up your friends. Even if they aren't as cool as others, or people think they are crazy, they need someone there. If you leave them, you will only be very sorry. So if your friends need you, and you care about them, you should be always there for them.

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Postcards from the World

While the sun washed over the grass of my grandmother's front garden, I sank into one of her armchairs familiar to me. Life, as I knew it, had changed. My beloved grandmother, my Nanny, as a "parent" in the absence of my father, had cancer. It was terminal (晚期的).

As she watched Getaway, a Sunday afternoon TV program, she remarked to me that she'd never left Australia and that now she never would. Seeing her restricted to "travel" by watching TV, I swallowed the sadness that came with knowing that chapters of her life were to be left unwritten.

At work, feeling helpless, I wiped tables and took orders and thought. Hard. The Saturday afternoon lunch rush was not enough to stop me from my thoughts. Collapsed with growing sorrow, I was reminded of the power of Facebook and the collective strength of human sympathy. I raced from the end of my shift to ask strangers on the Internet for help.

My Nanny Del has cancer. It's terminal and she will never see the world. Please send her postcards so she can see the world from her armchair. I can offer nothing but gratitude.

I resolved not to breathe a word of this; if nothing came, I couldn't bear to carry her disappointment along with my own. . And if something should wander into our humble little letterbox, I vould consider it a blessing and embrace it gratefully.

Days turned to weeks: Nothing. And Nanny's health declined rapidly. I was trying to balance my full-time study, babysitting and waiting tables with the tiring responsibility of caring for my grandmother. As I helped Nanny in the early hours of those mornings, she would chat to me, sometimes reflections of her lifetime, and other times, the disturbance caused by medication. She seldom talked about her regret of being unable to travel, but I was still hoping for something.

注意：

1. 续写词数应为150个左右;

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

One afternoon, about six weeks after my Facebook post, a travel-worn postcard arrived in our letterbox.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

My dreams of armchair travels became a reality.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. 观展安排；

2. 注意事项。

注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右；

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dear Tom,

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

2024 is the Year of the Dragon in the Chinese calendar and it is the first time that the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) (include) the term "Chinese dragon" in its dictionary. The Chinese dragon has two definitions in the OED, with the first one about its physical image and the second one on its figurative and allusive (典故的) nature.

Emperors in ancient dynasties were dressed in a Dragon Robe, a traditional silk-woven costume with dragon designs, (symbolize) imperial power and authority. Jade Seals (玉玺), often (carve) with dragons, also symbolize the authority of the emperor.

Contrary the Western dragon, the image of the Chinese dragon, despite undergoing constant changes, has represented various' positive (quality) including prosperity, authority, strength and good fortune.

In ancient Chinese belief, dragons (associate) with the control of the weather, particularly rain. The dragon's ability to bring rain was seen as crucial for agriculture, which made it positive symbol for the fertility of the land.

With the rising China Chic trend and the country's booming cultural creative industry, the Chinese dragon in folktale is now (common) seen in creative products such as tear-off calendars, dolls, dragon-themed jewelry as well as the "dragon blind boxes" appeal to young consumers.

Whether it is through the hands of a national-level intangible (非物质) cultural heritage inheritor the hands of a Generation Z "blind box" designer, the Chinese dragon carries forward the Chinese cultural spirit.

Fast-forward to today, Xu, a Beijing native, has2 to the tropical island of South China's Hainan province, where he serves as a coral3 for a Sanya-based tropical biological laboratory attached to the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Each day, he spends several hours diving deep under the waves to observe and4 the growth and development of the creatures that5 him all those years ago. Xu, who is nicknamed "coral man", is6 engaged on such social media platforms as Sina Weibo, where he regularly shares visually amazing photos and entertaining videos of corals. He aims to7 individuals to take action in protecting coral reefs (珊瑚礁) and the oceans as a whole.

For Xu, who had been studying Peking Opera since childhood, becoming a coral conservationist was an8 turn of events. After he first saw corals at the aquarium, he began to9 the local market to learn about coral10 from merchants who sell decorative plants, fish and corals. He also11information online. Before long, he had set up a small fish tank at home and started cultivating a coral.

"The coral organism is quite sensitive to its environment and has extremely high12 for water quality," recalls Xu. "When I started growing coral, its state was not13." But as Xu gained more14 about coral, including how to control factors like water temperature and pH levels, his coral gradually started to flourish. He also learned that coral reefs are known as "tropical rainforests" and "underwater gardens" of the ocean, providing a15 for a quarter of all sea creatures.

Scientists collect water or soil samples from an environment and extract (提取) any DNA traces left behind by organisms. This is the environmental DNA (eDNA). They then use one of the two analysis methods — quantitative PCR (qPCR) or DNA sequencing (DNA 测序). Similar to COVID tests, qPCR is used to detect if a specific species' DNA is in the sample. For example, researchers tested river water eDNA to see if endangered fish X was present. When it was detected, they confirmed that the fish lived in that river without directly seeing it. DNA sequencing analyzes all DNA in the sample at once. Scientists can then match the DNA barcodes to databases to identify which species were in the sampled environment.

Although eDNA sampling cannot identify new species or those only known from photos and videos if they are not already listed in the reference databases, the real power of it lies in its ability to capture a wide range of organisms. With just one sample, scientists can detect all kinds of living things, from bacteria to whales, in almost any environment where life exists, including the deep sea and underground caves. One of the most significant advantages of eDNA sampling is that it allows scientists to detect species that are difficult to see or capture. This is particularly useful when studying rare or very small species, or when working in environments like dark water where visibility is limited.

This is just the start. Imagine a future where eDNA data could be collected from the most remote oceans by autonomous vehicles, analyzed by the drone or on board a research vessel (船舰), and integrated with other monitoring data so marine managers and the public can see near-real-time data about the condition of the ocean. Science fiction? Not any more.

Now many countries in East Asia are facing the aging population and declining working-age population problem. Compared with other advanced countries, Japan encountered the population aging problem at a slightly earlier stage, starting in the mid-1990s. As Japan's percentage of elderly population to the total population increased, it impacted the country's economy, leading to a contraction in domestic demand and decline in both production and consumption, and restricting the growth of economy.

Some innovative companies have actively increased outward FDI (Foreign Direct Investment), providing cost advantages from inexpensive overseas labor to maintain their cost competitiveness. However, the global economy is facing the challenge of declining trade owing to the protectionism practiced by certain countries. Consequently, the chances of boosting growth through outward FDI may be limited.

Developing artificial intelligence is another solution to the negative impacts of the demographic changes. AI and robotics will play a crucial role in stimulating productivity and innovation by making payment for the decline in the working-age population, and the following increase in productivity will in turn raise the demand for labor by creating new employment opportunities.

AI, robotics and other advanced technologies give rise to new tasks within their fields and across other sectors. Therefore, it is necessary to employ cooperation policies to support corporations that promote innovations by increasing investment in research and development, facilitating the growth of new companies, and building a perfect system to protect intellectual properties. Since AI and robotics may replace certain jobs, it is essential to address the potential challenges they may create in the labor market and work out strategies to ensure a balanced and comprehensive transition.