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Jesse and I are good friends. But we have recently cooled off. It was last month that the story began in gym class.

"Come on. Emily!" Jesse sounded so impatient. "We'll be late for class." After math class was gym class, and I was a bit slow that day. Jesse kept urging me to hurry up.

Just then I found my wallet missing. I dropped my book bag to dig through my coat pockets. I was wet with anxiety.

"Someone took it." Jesse said. As usual, she was quick to point away from the bright side of things.

Even though we were best friends. Jesse and I were just so different.

Jesse and I had to rush into the gym. Soon Jesse spread the news about the theft. By last period in gym class, I was tired of having to say over and over again, "I'm sure I just left it at home."

After gym class we went into the locker room. I was changing when I heard a gasp from Jesse. I looked at her and found her face was white with shock. There at her feet, was my wallet.

"It fell out of her locker!" Jesse pointed at Hellen a "new girl" in our class. "She stole it." Everyone began to accuse Hellen at once.

"Jesse caught her red-handed."

"Report it!"

Some people were beginning to wonder about Hellen. 

I looked over at Hellen. She picked up the wallet and held it out to me. Her hands were trembling. "I found it in the parking lot. I was going to give it to you."

Jesse spit the words "I'm so sure!" at her.

"Really, it's true." Hellen's eyes began to fill with tears.

I reached for my wallet. I didn't know what to think, but when I looked over at Jesse, her attitude made me sick inside. I looked at Hellen. She was scared but looked sincere.I knew I held her reputation in my hands.

"I am so glad you found it," I smiled. "Thanks, Hellen." The tension around us broke.

注意：1.续写词数应为150左右：2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

"Good thing she found it," everyone but Jesse agreed.

……

Just then a folded piece of paper dropped from my wallet.

注意：1.写作词数应为80左右：2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

My joyful summer vacation

In the 19th century, snow skiing gained great (popular). As the sport got more widely (recognize), the ski resorts (度假胜地) became extremely profitable businesses. But the resort owners all had major problem. In their line of work, success was (complete) dependent on the weather. If it didn't snow, didn't snow enough, they would close down until the weather made snow skiing possible. In many parts of the world, the skiing season (limit) to only a month or two.

The solution was to figure out a way to make snow when people needed it, in case nature failed (provide) much snow. The result was an invention called the snow gun. This tool proved  (use) even when natural snow was enough, because it gave resort owners greater control over the consistency of the top layer of snow, (allow) them to create better skiing conditions. These days, snow making machines are standard equipment in most ski resorts,  makes it possible for many resorts to stay open for months. And there are even a few indoor ski resorts remaining open all year round.

The first cellphone was invented fifty years ago. The man who 1  that phone, Martin Cooper, is now 94 years old.

In the early 1970s, Cooper worked for an American technology company. At the time the company and other manufacturers were 2  to create wireless phones that could work in vehicles and also be carried. There was 3  between manufacturers to build the first truly 4  phone.

Cooper made the first public call from a handheld portable telephone on April 3, 1973. The device, called Dyna TAC, 5  about 1.1 kilograms and was 23 centimeters long.

Today while Cooper is pleased that his 6 has opened up a series of technological possibilities for cellphone users, he thinks many people are just too 7 with their devices. "I am 8 when I see some people crossing the street and 9 their cellphones. They are out of their minds." Cooper said.

The modern progress of cellphones is sure to continue long into the future. Cooper 10 cellphone batteries could even be replaced by body 11 . "You ingest food, and you create energy. Why not have this receiver for your ear embedded under your skin, powered by your body?" he imagined.

Cooper also expressed 12 about how the device has created serious risks for 13 especially in the area of privacy. He hopes cellphones will continue to 14 in ways that can greatly help humanity. "Each generation is going to be smarter... They will learn how to use the cellphone more 15 ," Cooper said.

Walk along the streets of Beijing and listen carefully to the little babies calling for their mothers while out on an evening walk and what do you hear? mama.. Italian and French babies want their mama and maman respectively. And in East Africa, Swahili-speakers say mama and Arab-speaking children often call their mothers yemma. . In Malaysia, it's not unusual for mothers to be addressed as mak. The sound ma is almost universal in Europe, and very common even among completely unrelated languages spoken in faraway places. How did this come about? How did one syllable (音节) become so universal in children's vocabularies the world over?

. Hungry babies only have to open their mouths wide and scream AAAAAAH to pronounce their first vowel-A. Later, as they start playing around with their mouths, all they have to do is to close and open their lips to make an M, their very first consonant (辅音)., they've discovered another sound! Adults hearing babies making this charming string of mamama sounds might think that the babies are calling out to them. A mother would then naturally assume that she's the one being addressed and so would refer to herself as mama!

Another theory is that babies naturally produce nasal (鼻的) sounds, like a very soft mhmh-mlmh while breastfeeding. Indeed mamma means "breast" in Latin..

A. That's not all

B. That is to say

C. You can say "mom" in any country in the world

D. We have "mother" but we'll accept "mama" as a first word

E. And this also happens to be the source of both "mammary" and "mammal"

F. On the other side of the world you'll hear Spanish children crying for mama

G. Some experts believe that the simplest explanation lies in the very first sounds babies make

Textspeak is an informal term for the abbreviated (缩写的) language used in text messaging and other forms of electronic communication. In the digital age, it's common to hear how textspeak is ruining language. Some people argue that technology has made us lazy about how we speak and write.

Of course, language does change when it's used digitally. Textspeak is an evolution of language. It's even the focus of a field of linguistics (语言学) called CMC, which is committed to the study of interaction facilitated by technology like computers, mobile phones and tablets.

Contrary to the idea that these innovations are aggravating language, CMC demonstrates a creative repurposing of symbols for technology. These swift and clever evolutions illustrate the flexibility of language and its capacity to communicate meanings not relating to words.

People have been complaining about language being "ruined". In A.D. 63, for example, a Roman scholar complained that students of Latin were writing in an "artificial language". In fact, this writing was a new language that would become French! Similarly, in 1871, the then-president of Harvard University said,"Bad spelling, incorrectness, inelegance of expression in writing, and ignorance of the simplest rules of punctuation... are far from rare among the young who are well-prepared for college studies."

Today, people are able to communicate rapidly using a wide variety of tools and technologies. Perhaps no linguistic development better indicates changes in the ways we communicate than the popular emoticon (表情符号). It is a visual representation of a smiley face turned sideways. Although an emoticon may look like a smile, a frown or any number of facial expressions, it doesn't really represent a face. Instead, it's intended to convey a feeling, such as "I'm happy" or "just joking".

So, far from ruining language, the example indicates how people can now communicate complex feelings in a simple manner. This kind of change is perfect for our modern, fast-paced world.

Researchers following tiger sharks off the southern coast of Belize couldn't believe their eyes when they recently caught a different kind of fish. It turned out to be a Greenland shark, which is typically found in the Arctic and can live to be about 400 years old.

The team of scientists thought the shark was dead when they finally pulled it to the surface. Unlike the tiger sharks they saw, this particular shark had black, worn-looking skin and pale blue eyes. Devanshi Kasana, a Ph.D. candidate at the Florida International University's Predator Ecology & Conservation Lab, said the shark looked "really old".

There was no doubt that the discovery was unexpected. Kasana said, "As soon as it entered our field of vision, we saw a black figure that was getting bigger and bigger. When it came to the surface, none of the crew with all of their combined fishing experience had seen anything like that." She said the discovery was especially exciting. She wondered how on earth these sharks, which were thought to mainly exist in the Arctic, could be found in the tropics as well.

Greenland sharks can be several hundred years old. The reason for their long life may have something to do with their speed of growth, which is very slow. Greenland sharks grow approximately one-third of an inch per year and can grow to more than 20 feet in length. And researchers believe the sharks don't reach sexual maturity until sometime after the first 100 years of their life.

According to Kasana, some scientists have theorized that the Greenland sharks can be found across the globe, if one knows where to look. They love cold water, which is why they're found in the Arctic. However, they've also been discovered as far south as off the coast of Georgia, thousands of feet beneath the ocean surface.

The theory is that the closer the sharks are to the equator, the deeper researchers have to go to find them. And they go deep over 7,000 feet down, according to NOAA.