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注意： 1.词数100词左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

"Choose your friends wisely" may not only be good parental advice but also a way to do better in college, a research study finds. Researchers prove that students who befriend studious peers spend more hours studying themselves and post higher grades during their freshman year.

It's important to clarify that having smart friends isn't as important as having studious friends in this study. The researchers didn't find that friends' grades mattered. What influenced a student's college grades were his or her friends' high school study habits. To be sure, students with higher grades tend to have better study habits.

They also found that, for every additional 10 hours a week that a student's friends had spent studying in high school, on average, the student's own study time in college would likely increase by almost 25 minutes a day, and the student's own GPA (Grade Point Average) would likely rise by almost a tenth of a point during freshman year. Almost identical results are among freshman roommates randomly assigned by the college, which confirms that peers are actually influencing study habits and echoing the friendship analysis. The researchers controlled for gender, race and prior academic achievement and found that the positive influence of studious peers was similar for both high achieving and low achieving students.

The difference between a B and B+ average is 

0.3 points, so studious friends are only nudging grades up a bit. That means peers are just one of many factors influencing how well students do in college. So should we encourage parents to pick their kids, friends in college? "This is one outcome-GPA．There are other things in life, said Mehta who admits to selecting studious friends when he was in college.

A study revealed that, in most occasions, the outcome on a given task can be improved when two people have helped each other instead of working on their own. As early as 1624 John Donne has already popularized the phrase "No man is an island". And this is especially true, be it in the workplace, in doing scientific research, or working in events. One of the benefits of cooperation is that people can pool together their skills and wisdom towards a common aim. Because of this, they have a higher chance of being more successful.

Teamwork promotes diversity. The very nature of teamwork requires a group of people from various backgrounds to come together and share their thinking.  This level of diversity generates cultural understanding, increased communication through collective knowledge of approaches and a larger resource of opinions.

 Working within a team helps us to create an environment which inspires collective knowledge, resources and skills. Consequently, this allows us to pick some ideas and to reflect on our own way of thinking. Teamwork also encourages self-improvement because it helps us to expand our horizons and make better use of our own intrinsic capabilities. And since self-improvement helps us in seeking better ways to perform our role within a team, it improves both the efficiency and productivity of the team as a whole.

Completion of task becomes easy. Each member has unique skills to help with the project. For example, you may ask one person to do research, another to take charge of social media marketing, and another to look after delivery. Teamwork can get the most of each person's strengths.

 For instance, tackling about climate change by researchers who come from different disciplines (学科) could potentially lead to ground-breaking researches. In the traditional research world, one researcher pursued a theme over several decades. However, academia is fostering a fresh research culture, whereby academic works advance through the creation of interdisciplinary research.

A．Teamwork encourages healthy competition.

B．It promotes peer learning and self-improvement.

C．So a task can be assigned based on a person's skills and expertise.

D．There are many benefits we can gain out of teamwork and cooperation.

E．The seeds of creativity and innovation spring from the exchange of ideas.

F．As a result, different opinions and problem-solving methods can be formed.

G．Cooperation has several benefits including shared risk, resources and knowledge.

After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together. 

Together, these deep human urges（驱策力）count for much more than ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, "Why? Why? Why?"

Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don't have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them. 

"The great man," said Mencius（孟子）, "is he who does not lose his child's heart." Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.

Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake. 

How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn't arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. Now she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.

One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven't any special ability? Most people don't; there are only a few geniuses. You haven't any time? That's good, because it's always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom's Cabin while cooking. You're too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.

However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you'll never be more alive than you are at this moment.

Infectious diseases and associated deaths have reduced, but they remain a significant threat throughout the world. Infectious diseases outbreaks and the fear and panic that accompany them present various economic risks. 

First, there are costs to the health system, both public and private, of medical treatment of the infected and of outbreak control. Concern over the spread of a relatively contained outbreak can lead to decreased trade. Travel and tourism to regions affected by outbreaks are also likely to decline. Some long-running outbreaks, such as HIV, prevent foreign direct investment. 

The economic risks are large. It is estimated that the expected yearly cost of infectious diseases is at roughly $500 billion. Even when the health impact of an outbreak is relatively limited, its economic consequences can quickly become expanded. Liberia, for example, saw GDP growth decline 8 percentages from 2013 to 2014 during the Ebola outbreak in Africa.

The risk is complex, but policymakers have tools in response.

Investing in improved health care, supply of clean water, and better health systems can reduce the frequency of human contact with viruses. Investment in reliable disease monitoring in both human and animal populations is also critical. Within formal global watch systems, instead of discouraging reporting possible outbreaks, it may be beneficial to develop incentives for reporting suspected cases, as countries may reasonably fear the effects of such reporting on trade, tourism, and other economic outcomes. Informal monitoring systems, social media for example, which collect information from official reports, media reports, online discussions, and eyewitness observations, can also help national health systems and international responders get ahead of the outbreak news during the early stages. Cooperations for monitoring infectious diseases readiness at the national level provide information national governments can use to react timely to their outbreaks.

There is a significant market failure when it comes to vaccines (疫苗) against individual low-probability viruses that collectively are likely to cause panic. Given the low probability that any single vaccine of this type will be needed, high Research and Development (R&D) costs, and delayed returns, medical companies hesitate to invest in their development. However, responsible international corporations such as CFPI can overcome this market failure. Its goals include advancing candidate vaccines against specific low-probability, high-severity viruses through proof of concept to enable rapid clinical testing in the event of outbreaks. It also aims to fund development of institutional and technical platforms to speed R&D in response to outbreaks for which there are no vaccines.

Undoubtedly, humans and infectious viruses will coexist. However, we can take effective measures to manage the risk of the diseases. Joint action now at the local, national, and multinational levels can go a long way toward protecting our collective well-being in the future.

Recycling Electronic Waste

When Alex Lin was 11 years old, he read an alarming article in the newspaper which said that people were burying old computers in backyards, throwing TVs into streams, and dumping (丢弃) cell phones in the garbage. This was dangerous because e-waste contains harmful chemicals that can leak into the environment, getting into crops, animals, water supplies — and people.

Alex was really worried and decided to make it next project for WIN—the Westerly Innovations Network. Alex and six of his friends had formed this organization to help solve community problems two years before.

But what could they do about this project with e-waste? The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans. They learned how to dispose (处置) of e-waste properly and how it could be recycled. Then, they sent out a survey and found only one in eight knew what e-waste was, let alone how to properly dispose of it.

Alex and his friends went into action. They advertised in the local newspaper and distributed notices to students, asking residents to bring their unwanted electronics to the school parking lot. The drive lasted two days, and they collected over 9, 500 kilograms of e-waste.

The next step was to set up a long-term e-waste drop-off center for the town. After some research, they'd learned that reusing is the best way to deal with electronic devices and it is seven times more efficient than recycling. So, they began learning to refurbish (翻新) computers themselves and distributed them to students who didn't have their own. In this way, they could help students in the area and protect the environment at the same time.

For a lasting solution to e-waste, the drop-off center wasn't enough. Laws would have to be passed. In 2016, WIN helped push for an e-waste bill in their town, which required companies that manufactured or sold electronics to take back e-waste. The bill clearly forbids the dumping of e-waste.

Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about safe disposal of e-waste. As Alex says, "Today's technology should not become tomorrow's harmful garbage."

You may have seen the term ""bullet journal"floating around online, but what exactly is a bullet journal? This article will highlight the uses for a bullet journal and why they're great for people who wish to be more organized.

What is a bullet journal?

A bullet journal is a planner system which allows you to plan for the future, track the past and keep your life organized with lists separated by bullet points. It is a place for you to create clear, yet simple to-do lists and a place to keep a note of your life goals and aspirations.

What does it help with?

A bullet journal is perfect for people who like writing lists to keep themselves organized. They're great for doing as a hobby and you can get creative with the way you present your lists. They're also perfect for people who constantly write down to-do lists or make hand-written notes.

Why is it important?

A bullet journal is important because we all feel better when our life is organized. Organization can reduce stress and make you happier. Having your life in order, you will know exacdy what you have to do every day so that you can remember all of your life goals.

How to create a bullet journal?

The instructions will help you embark on your bullet journal.

Step 1. Find or buy a blank notebook

Any notebook with blank pages will do because if you are someone who is creative and artistic, you can decorate the notebook any way you like.

Step 2. Find or buy pens

It's best to start off simple and choose a pen that you find easy to use and that you would feel comfortable writing with every day.

Step 3. Monthlies

In this section, you can put a list of important dates for that particular month.

Step 4. Dailies and Weeklies

Put all of your daily or weekly tasks in this section so that you don't forget anything that you have to do during that day or week.

Step 5. Life Goals

Keep a life goals section. This can include different collections of goals, such as career, relationships, places you wish to visit and so on.

Now start your bullet journal!

When we go outdoors in winter, cold wind gets through our clothes, (hit) our body parts fiercely. Then we may feel cold. How do we feel cold? Actually human skin is filled with temperature-sensing nerve receptors named TRPs, which receive stimuli (刺激) from the environment. (sense) the cold, the brain uses one of the receptors (感受器) called TRPM8. When the TRPM8 is hit by stimuli, it will send an electric signal to the brain, understands the signal as "cold".

Oil dominates every aspect our life. It fuels our cars, and it is used in the production of our plastic goods and the electricity for our homes and factories. Moreover, it can even  (find) in the fertilizer for the soil in which our food grows. Oil makes nations  (extreme) wealthy, while shortages of oil can bring economies to their knees. In short, this black and sticky substance has been running  (we) world.

Standing on the shore of a lake, I couldn't help admiring the hundreds of small rocks that (surround) my shoes. All created from hard surfaces, the rocks softened over time. And I was wondering we could learn from a pile of rocks. Once I was a sharp rock that was covered with pointy edges, and now I have found my attitudes have softened and my desire to understand others (expand) with time.

I've been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years. I use a small tractor to get about. My dog Don always sits beside me in the passenger seat.

One morning I 1  a lost lamb when I was in the top field, near where a motorway cuts through my land. The lamb had become separated from its mother, so I jumped out of the tractor to tend to it while Don stayed in his seat.

Lamb and mother 2 . I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. This was so 3  because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out. Obviously, Don had somehow made the 4  move.

My heart froze in my chest as I saw the tractor heading towards the 5 . I ran desperately but failed to 6 . It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared. The last thing I saw was Don's face, looking calmly back at me.

Heart in mouth, I reached the fence and looked over. The tractor was 7 against the crash barrier in the central reservation, having miraculously (奇迹般地) crossed the 8 road with fast-flowing traffic. I couldn't see Don, but as I 9 the tractor, he jumped out onto the road, apparently unhurt and raced back to me. Don was given a special 10 that night — I didn't want him to think I was angry with him.

假定你是李华， 请给你的笔友 Tom 写一封信，分享你进入高中以来最难忘的一件事。内容包括：1. 事情发生的经过；2. 你的感悟。

注意：1. 写作词数应为 80 左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dear Tom，

Look forward to your letter.

Yours，

Li Hua

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的一下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; 2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。When I was 14, I left school with leaning disabilities and decide to do something different in California. One morning, I was walking on the street while I met an old man. After talking for a long while, he told me that he had something show me and share with me. We walked for several blocks and then we arrived at a public library, that I was asked to sit down and wait a moment. Late, he returned happily with some old book and sat beside me. "There are two things I want to tell you," he said. "One is never to judge a book through its cover. The other is to learn how to read. Wisdom is the only thing that will never be taking away from you." He asked me don't to forget what he had taught me when we left.

In China, hot pot has a history of over 1,000 years It first （appear） in the Mongolia area and then became popular in the southern pan of China during Tang Dynasty And now it is still a popular dish for Chinese people

Chinese hot pot has different flavors,  are determined by different weather conditions The most famous type is knownChongqing hot pot or Sichuan hot pot Its flavour follows Sichuan cuisine, containing many seasonings (佐料).However, it is not the same as common Sichuan dishes It is featured by the herbs and spices  (use) in the soup base

In northeastern China, Mongolian hot pot is popular In northern China, Beijing lamb hot pot is well-known In southern China, people are more likely (have) seafood hot pot  Hong Kong beef hot pot Besides, new kinds of hoi pot become popular across China, including "three fresh pot" in Hangzhou, "mixed hot pot" in Shanghai. Now, dry pot  (consider) as a new type of hot pot in China. For dry pot, no soup base is added at the very  (begin) but it can be added after the meat ingredients are eaten up  (general) speaking, vegetables, chicken and fish are excellent ingredients for dry pct.

Any parent would agree that kids these days spend too much time in front of their screens. Families are spending less time together than ever, which is why it's important that the 1  of Sunday family dinners makes a comeback.

Dr. Vanessa Lapointe, a parenting expert, 2 exactly why Sunday family dinners are so important to the 3  of a child. 

〝The family that 4  together thrives(兴旺)together,〞Lapointe said.〝Mealtime has historically been a time of family 5 . Also, getting multiple(多个的)6  of different ages with different interests together is good for kids.〞

Family therapist Anne Fishel co－founded The Family Dinner Project in the hope of helping modern families 7  the practice of eating together. The group considers family dinners as an opportunity for family members to 8  with each other through food, 9 , and conversation about things that matter.

The Family Dinner Project's website states that over the past 25 years, research has shown 10  a fun family meal is good for the spirit, brain, and 11  of all family members. Recent studies connect regular family meals with the kinds of behaviors that parents 12  from their children: higher grade point averages and self－esteem(自尊). The project goes on to say that family meals are connected to 13 rates of eating disorders and anxiety.

It's not about the food that is served at these dinners. 14  it's the comfortable environment that makes these family dinners so15 .

〝These benefits don't come from perfect cooked dishes but from the 16  at the table, 〞Fishel said. 〝It's important that the atmosphere at the table be 17  and inviting, which makes kids feel that it is safe to talk and know that someone is 18 .〞

The Family Dinner Project team works to help families increase the 19 and long-term benefits of their shared meals. Now, through this movement, many families will come together to involve everyone in 20 conversation and share their experiences and enjoy the benefits of family dinners.

The Chinese Spring Festival

The Chinese Spring Festival is regarded as the most significant festival of the year among the Chinese. .

There are a number of things people usually do before the Chinese Spring Festival. One of these is cleaning the house for the Lunar New Year. Dust makes people think of old things. . Another important custom is to decorate their doors with red couplets. The phrases on the couplets express hopes for a new year.

The most important custom of the Chinese Spring Festival is the big family dinner on the eve of the Lunar New Year. This is usually a big reunion of grandparents, parents, and children. . That is why millions of Chinese people travel long distances to get home before the eve of the Lunar New Year.

When the New Year comes, there are many interesting festival activities such as "lucky money" in red envelopes or greetings with "Xinnian Hao" or "Gongxi Facai". Another part of this custom of is to pay visits to relatives and bring them gifts. . In addition, friends and family go out to enjoy loud and colourful fireworks, spend time at temple fairs, and watch exciting dragon and lion dances.

. It is a special occasion to return home and reunite with family members. This deeply rooted tradition has been a necessary part of Chinese culture for a very long time, and will continue to live forever in the hearts of the Chinese people.

A．Commonly exchanged gifts include food, wine or tea

B．They are occasions that allow us to relax and enjoy life

C．It reflects people's wishes, beliefs, faiths, and attitudes towards life

D．It reflects how important family is to Chinese people around the world

E．It lasts 15 days but the days of preparation beforehand are considered important

F．Therefore, sweeping dust is a way of saying goodbye to the old and hello to the new

G．The Chinese Spring Festival symbolizes a farewell to the old and a welcome to the new

A study of English learning problems was carried out among a total of 106 foreign students. It shows that most students considered understanding spoken English to be their biggest problem on arrival. This was followed by speaking. Writing increased as a problem as students discovered difficulties in writing papers that they were now expected to hand in. Reading remained as a significant（显著的）problem. 

The information gained helped us in determining where special attention should be paid in our course. Although many students have chosen to join the course with a reasonable motivation（动机）, we considered it important to note what seemed to encourage interest. Nearly all the students have experienced some kind of grammar-based English teaching in their own country. To use the same method would be self-defeating because it might reduce motivation, especially if it has failed in the past. Therefore a different method may help because it is different. 

Variety of activity was also seen as a way of maintaining（保持）or increasing motivation. Several years ago we had one timetable that operated throughout, but we soon found that both the students and the teachers lost interest by about halfway through the ten weeks. This led us to a major re-think, so finally we brought it into line with（跟…一致）the expressed language needs of the students. 

The Impossible Burger is a burger that tastes exactly like beef, but it was made using vegetables and science. There are many kinds of "veggie burgers" for vegetarians (素食者)，but this one is made for meat lovers. The company that makes this burger, Impossible Foods，wants to change the food that people eat to reduce climate change.

Scientist Celeste works on the flavor (风味) and texture (纹理) of the burger. She looks for the key points of beef its flavor smell and look. Then those points are copied using plant based ingredients (成分)，which make the burger look and taste like blood and give it a meaty texture.

The Impossible Burger has the same nutrition as beef, without the unhealthy parts. In fact, taste, nutrition and reducing climate change were all equally important when creating the burger.

Cows are actually terrible for the environment. They need lots of land and water, and they create greenhouse gases. However, an Impossible Burger uses 95% less land, 75% less water, and creates 85-87% less greenhouse gases than a beef burger.

That's why this burger was made for meat lovers. The goal is for them to eat less meat in order to protect environment. At the same time they can still eat delicious burgers that taste like real meat.

Want to try the Impossible Burger? It can be found in Texas, Nevada, California and New York. Below are some restaurants serving it in L. A. and New York City.