相关试卷

This winter, the U. S. state of California received unusually large amounts of rain and snow. Now, people worry that some areas will flood as the snow in the Sierra Nevada Mountains melts (融化).

Ron Caetano lives about half-way between the cities of Los Angeles and San Francisco. He is preparing to leave in case his community, called the Island District, floods.

More than 100 years ago, the Island District area was under a large lake named Tulare Lake. At one time, Tulare Lake was the largest freshwater lake west of the Mississippi River. But reservoirs (水库) and watering systems for agriculture caused it to disappear. However, in very rainy years, farmland can still get covered with water.

Experts say reservoirs near the area will likely receive three times more water than they can hold this year. That means officials must increase the amount of water they release (释放) from the reservoirs. If too much water is released, the area might flood.

The Island District has organized a community network to help prepare for floods. People are placing sandbags close to elderly neighbors' houses to block possible flooding. And they are looking at reports from water officials county officials, and from each other.

California has had very dry weather in recent years. Both cities and farm communities acclaimed this year's winter rains. If the weather gets warmer slowly, the snow will not melt quickly and there may be little or no flooding. But if the weather gets hot quickly, that will bring trouble from too much melting snow.

Officials announced plans to close parts of Yosemite National Park because of threats of flooding. The park is about 270 kilometers east of San Francisco in the Sierra Nevada Mountains.

Nicholas Pinter is with the University of California, Davis Center for Watershed Sciences. He said the lake's size has always changed because of California's weather. He described the surrounding area this way. "It has been an engineering problem all along," he said. "This is a bathtub (浴缸) with no way out."

At Phoenix Bikes, a bicycle shop, students are learning to repair bikes. Phoenix Bikes sells bikes to the public at their business in Arlington, Virginia. But it also teaches teenagers how to repair bikes.

Most students at Phoenix start in its after-school "earn-a-bike program," at middle and high schools in and around Arlington County. Once a week over a 12-week period, students learn repair skills. They learn how to use tools, fix flat tires, correct the wheels, and change gears (齿轮). The first lesson includes taking the bike apart. By doing this, they learn all the parts of a bike.

In the first few weeks, they work in small groups to repair a bike given to the shop. The bikes often have missing or damaged parts. The finished bike is then given to a person in need from the community. In the last four weeks of the program, students come to the shop to work on one of the given bikes which they can then take home at no cost.

Anthony is a student at nearby Wakefield High School. He just completed his bike. He said it was not in good shape at first but was the kind of bike he was looking for and could be made into something better. He said it had no lights, no front tire, and was without a chain, which controls the gears. He said he joined the program to get better at working with his hands and fixing things.

Phoenix Bikes is teaching 300 to 400 young people this year. Phoenix communicationscoordinator Gage said the classes are fun and let students learn with their hands after sitting in the classroom all day at school. He added that bikes are interesting for teenagers especially because they are a means of transportation and freedom. Learning how to fix a bike can also be a fun challenge, she said.

Online Event: How to be a human

Venue

Online event | Thursday, 8 September 2024 18.00-19.00 BST

Humans are strange creatures. Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder at the age of eight, Camilla created her own handbook for understanding humans.

Camilla Pang, biologist and author

Camilla Pang is the author of the book Explaining Humans, a memoir (自传) that uses scientific principles to understand human behaviour through the lens (视角) of someone who has autism and ADHD. Her latest book Perfectly Weird, Perfectly You is a scientific guide to growing up for children, published in March 2022.

What's included in your ticket:

※Live lecture lasting 60 minutes including Q&A with Camilla Pang

※On-demand access to a recording of the lecture and Q&. A for 12 months

※Extra content from New Scientist

Being Human (Series tickets available)

About the series: What makes us human? What skills and concepts do humans have that separate us from the rest of the animal kingdom? And how did they arise? The "Being human" series from New Scientist will explore the beginnings of all the things that make us human, over the course of four virtual events. The series will feature the following talks:

※Origin of love: Anna Machin 5th May 2024 (now available on-demand)

※The dawn of language: Sverker Johansson 9th June 2024

※The evolution of childhood: Brenna Hassett 7th July 2024

※How to be a human: Dr Camilla Pang 8th September 2024

Save 20% off the standard ticket price by purchasing all 4 live online "Being Human" lectures (also available on-demand) or purchase single tickets for £25 per lecture(early booking rate) to hear from the finest minds in science in 2024.

There was a girl called Cary, who was a new student in Esmarth Vil, a primary school in a small town. 

She was the most hardworking girl at her school. Her marks were higher than the others. She was the best, but nobody wanted to be her friend. Her classmates didn't want to play with her and some even laughed at her. Cary's teacher Jared didn't know that.

One day, Jared set an exam and Robert, a boy who was the king of all the students, signed his exam paper using Cary's name, and changed Cary's name for Robert's quickly after Cary handed in her paper. It wasn't noticed by anybody. When Jared returned all the exam Papers, everybody was shocked. Cary failed the exam, but the others seemed to be happy with that.

The next day, when Cary arrived at school, all the children wanted to be with her and invited her to play with them. Although Cary was surprised, she was happy to play with the other children. During their fun time, Jared suddenly appeared to inform Cary that there had been a mistake, and she hadn't failed.

Jared explained to the students what had happened and punished Robert. After that, they all stopped playing with Cary again. 

Cary couldn't stop crying this time and ran to ask her teacher why she couldn't make friends with good school performance.

注意：1. 续写词数应为150个左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Jared was sorry to know what had happened to Cary. 

……

After hearing Jared's story, all the children decided to change themselves.

注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

The water town of Wuzhen in Tongxiang, Zhejiang province, holds a series of activities full of local elements during the Spring Festival from January to February. 

The most interesting part includes a water market on boats  people sell local delicious food such as spicy salted ducks, smoked sausage, local wine, fruits and lanterns, It leaves a good  (impress) on visitors. About 1, 300 years ago, people in the town began building houses along rivers across the town, and boats  (obvious) became the main vehicles in their daily life. 

The ancient town has also kept  (it) tradition of putting many dining tables together to form a long table on holidays and people of the town eat together  (celebrate) a reunion. Tourists are warmly invited to take part  such kind of long table dining activities featuring hotpot and local liquor during the festival. 

The water town holds a large drama festival and  (organize) art shows every year. Spring Festival galas, theater plays and art shows  (present) during this holiday. The town is about a two-hour drive from Shanghai and  (tourist) from across the nation are  (amaze) at the local celebration.

When I first read the wonderful book The Secret by Rhonda Byrne, I was in Grade 9. I came to know about it from my sister. When I came to Grade 10, I started 1  what I learned from the 2  to my daily life. I have many 3  in my life, and my biggest one was to be a member of our school football team. So I started 4  the scene of being allowed to join the 5  that I had been dreaming about.

Then the day came that my first round to 6  the football team was going to happen. The result came out but 7  I did not succeed in the first round. I was feeling a bit depressed (沮丧) due to much time I spent preparing for it. But, soon I tried to find a(n) 8 . I waited for the second round. Deep inside my mind, I was quite sure that I was going to be a 9  because I had always 10  one particular teaching from the book. That is when something bad happens, something 11  will surely happen.

After six months, the second round was 12  and it became the best day of my life because I had 13  my dream.

From my 14 , the really important things to be noted are to hold on to your dreams and you must have 15  in your ability.

Those who have a go-getter mentality (心态) are seen as the high achievers of this world. Let's learn ways on how to achieve a go-getter attitude.

Bite-sized goals are important. They allow you to experience achievement and therefore allow you to reward yourself, finally contributing to the improvement of your motivation and driving you to achieve more.

Have a clear idea and be intentional (有心的)

, having detailed goals in mind, writing them down, and describing them are some of the first steps to be successful. Being intentional is to be willing to try new things and look for solutions. There is no point in doing something if you're not intentional about what you do. , even a small stone in your path will stop you.

Look at your mistakes as opportunities

It's also important to look at your mistakes as chances to improve yourself. . If, for example, you work on a project that receives unpleasant comments, use those comments to improve your project and present it again.

Find the courage to push yourself towards goals

Allow yourself to be around by active people who believe in and support you, including those who have pushed through challenges and achieved their goals. Take encouragement from them. Also, you can look back and remind yourself of what you've already achieved, and don't undervalue any of them. .

A. Follow your interests

B. Set up bite-sized goals

C. They prove you can do it

D. Knowing where you want to go

E. If you don't want to achieve something

F. When you come across people who are successful

G. Learn from them and quickly put the learning into action

Dry lightning(雷电)can still be harmful even when conditions aren't so dry, said a study published in Geophysical Research Letters last month. Dry lightning during little to no rainfall was previously thought to cause wildfire danger only with less than 2.5mm of rain in a day. A Washington State University-led study of wildfires in the US West found dry lightning caused wildfires despite up to 7.7 mm of rain.

"The rainfall amounts we recorded should help provide a better understanding of just how much rain can cause a fire risk," said Dmitri Kalashnikov, lead author of the study.

The researchers analyzed(分析)cases on more than 4,600 naturally caused fires from 2015 to 2020. They matched 3,726 of those to the lightning strikes that likely started them with the help of National Lightning Detection Network.

The study found that 15.3% of those were holdover fires which burn without smoke, bringing about over a hundred fires each year. Analyzing the rainfall amounts around the time of the lightning strikes showed greater rainfall than previously thought among the earlier found fires ranging from 1.7 mm to 4.6 mm.

While humans still cause most fires either by accident or on purpose, lightning-caused wildfires burn the most areas. Nearly 70% of the wildfire-burned land in the West was from lightning-caused fires according to the study. For example, the largest wildfire burn area in California history took place in August 2020 after dry lightning caused many wildfires at once.

Dry lightning can also start wildfires in places that are hard for firefighters to reach. This study found the places where holdover fires happened repeatedly were in the forested mountains of the Southwest as well as the middle and southern Rocky Mountains. Holdover fires cause the problem because they are so hard to notice.

With the rise of technology, we're experiencing an important change in our lives. But what exactly are the differences between a modern lifestyle and a traditional lifestyle?

A traditional lifestyle is often defined by cultural and social standards passed down through generations(几代人). However, the modern lifestyle is characterized by a more personal approach, where personal freedom is often more important than traditional standards.

But the differences between the two go much deeper than just cultural standards. The way we live our daily lives has also changed greatly. Modern lifestyles are often characterized by technology-driven convenience. On the other hand, traditional lifestyles favor(青睐)a more simple approach to daily living.

So what does it mean to live a modern lifestyle, and how does it differ from a traditional one? The development of communication methods is a heated topic that gives us insights into the rich history of mankind. Letters were once the primary means of communicating across great distances, and they held a special place in people's hearts, sharing news of loved ones. Writing a letter was so amazing as it required thoughtful consideration.

As time passed and technology advanced, communication methods changed, and today we live in an age controlled by instant(即时的)messaging and social media. While these tools offer speed and convenience, they have damaged the depth of our relationships.

In our modern lifestyle, we're connected in a real-time way, but sometimes we feel more disconnected than ever before. The instant messages can leave us feeling anxious, while the art of face-to-face conversation is in danger of being lost.

But it's not all bad news. Technology has brought us closer in many ways, providing new forms of communication. Video calls, for example, have made it possible to meet with loved ones from anywhere in the world, creating a sense of community that was once impossible.

Cole Doss, 31, used his time on the microphone to make an announcement (广播) before the flight to honor his mom, a flight attendant for over 40 years.

"She's been one of my biggest supporters in my life and in my career (职业) becoming a pilot, ever since my very first flight lesson," Doss told passengers, later adding, "To my mom, I love you, and without you, I wouldn't have chosen such a great job."

Doss said the flight last month from Washington, D. C. to Madrid was not only the first time he and his mom had worked on a flight together, but also the first time his mom had been on a flight that he piloted.

"That was the first time I had been able to fly my mom ever," he said. "In flight school, she was a little nervous about the small planes, so I was never able to fly with her there." Doss said his mom typically works on Asia-bound flights, but when she learned he was piloting a flight to Spain, she switched (调班) schedules with a fellow flight attendant so she could be on the same flight.

On the day of the flight, Doss, having been a United Airlines pilot since February 2022, and his mom also worked on the return flight back to Washington, D. C. together. "I wanted to do something special to pay back my mom and let everyone know that this was a really cool event for both of us," he said.

"She was really proud of me so I'm sure she probably told most of the passengers that her son was flying up front," Doss said. In addition to his mom's role as a flight attendant for the United Airlines, Doss' dad and sister are flight attendants for the American Airlines.

The New Nordic Diet (NND) is a new food project with key focus on gastronomy (烹饪法)，health, and environment, which will give you a direction for a healthier lifestyle. 

Developing a New Meal System

In this first module (模块), you will be introduced to the NND project. You will hear about the background for the project, and the rules behind which are considered to be important to this new meal system. 

The OPUS School Meal Study

In the second module, we will study how the OPUS School Meal Study was designed and how the researchers examined the effect of the NND school meals on health, as well as their risk factors for developing lifestyle diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The study compared the NND with the present situation in schools. 

The OPUS Supermarket Intervention

In the third module, we will be looking at the effect of the NND on adults. We will study the effect of eating the NND and the Avenge Danish Diet (ADD), respectively, in terms of body weight, body fat and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. You will learn about problems and advantages associated with (与……有关) two types of diet, focusing in particular on shopping, cooking and meal structure. 

Study the NND - From Food to Health

In the last module we will focus on the health of the NND, the effects published so far from different studies and on the possible factors and foods affecting the results.

The small wedding celebration was set for the next day. Twenty-one friends and family members were getting together at a beautiful villa in the hills near the charming town of Brighton, just under an hour's drive from the airport.

"I can't wait for the barbecue tonight, never mind the wedding,"said Emma to her husband, John.

The couple arrived at the airport around 6 p. m. After checking out, they rented a car and headed towards the property where Emma's daughter, the bride, was eagerly waiting to share such a magical event with the ones she loved.

As they crossed the hilly landscape, the sun had gone down and rain was falling heavily. But that didn't take away from the beauty of the island. They chatted happily. John, from the driver's seat, kept her amused, completely unaware that the rainfall—more than nine inches would fall that day—had already reached dangerous levels.

As they drove past the town and up the winding road into the hills, the rain intensified, and the sky grew darker. They were approaching a bridge over what was usually a small stream when a lot of dirty and fast-moving water unexpectedly washed over it. In just a few seconds, their little white car slid into the now rapidly flowing river and rolled down the hillside.

The incident unfolded so rapidly that the two inside the car were too stunned to scream. As the car moved through the water, hitting the underside of a couple of bridges, they held on tightly to the seats and doors in shock.

Emma, seated in the back with a large present box for her daughter, noticed water coming into the car. Muddy water was pouring into the car, rising quickly.

注意： 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右; 2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。

Emma realized they had to get out before the water level became too dangerous.

……

Nearby residents, Mike and his brother David, heard cries.

注意： 1. 写作词数应为80 左右；
 2. 可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。

Dear Andrew,

……

Yours,

Li Hua

As you stroll through the Hangzhou Asian Games Village, one of the first things catches your eyes is the neat street surface, which would swiftly become dry, almost (magic), if a bottle of water were poured on. In reality, phenomenon results from the well thought out urban planning and construction management employed in the"sp onge city"development of the village.

Sponge cities are a concept that aim to make cities more adaptable to environmental changes and better (equip) to handle natural disasters. The city architects (lay) out ecological sponge subunits based on rainwater collection zones for various uses like watering green areas and cleaning surfaces. This created an integrated system for organic rainwater circulation (support) the green Asian Games. Additionally, they combined landscape design with low-impact development techniques to make the sponge city practical and visually (appeal). For instance, the roads may look like rubber tracks, are actually made of special concrete that lets water seep through(渗透), showing how they've made both function and beauty a (combine)."This minimizes harm the natural environment caused by urban development,"explained GengLei, a staff member at the Asian Games Village.

Cristina has been diving with sharks for the last twenty-five years. She ducks below the surface of the water where she's truly at peace despite being 1 by dozens of sharks.

As a diving professional in the Bahamas, she uses a variety of 2  in her daily dives. But the one that leaves people 3  is to remove hooks from sharks' mouths.

Sharks follow fishing boats and often 4 hooks caught in their mouths, which leads to discomfort, difficulty eating and infection. 5 the hooks can be a long and dangerous process.The benefits 6 the risks for her."I'm never scared,"Zenato says."I've built a 7 with them based on repetition and conditioning, and they know that I'm safe."

Hook removal is just one aspect of Zenato's shark conservation efforts. 8 her knowledge—with the public, several Bahamian organizations and others—is an ongoing task. She9 the Bahamas to make their waters a shark shelter and has helps promote shark tourism by training local divers."I hope that by 10 people to come close to sharks with a new understanding of them, they can share their 11 experiences with others,"Zenato says.

Cristina is a(n) 12 conservationist with a passion driven by her love of the sharks. The love leads her to great 13 in what other might consider dangerous marine environments."All species of sharks are part of a complex food chain, each part 14 another,"Zenato says,"we can overcome 15 to better connect to our oceans and our environment and strive to live in a(n)mutual benefit."

Wisdom is a remarkable accumulation of experience, knowledge, and sound judgement. It is not merely a desirable quality but an absolute necessity in a world filled with challenges, controversy, and polarization.  It shines our way ahead towards the best decisions.

Growing up with fairy tales and fantasy movies, I always associated wisdom with Gandalf, Yoda,and Albus Dumbledore. The truth is that there is more to wisdom than this, although these characters have given every one of us many important lessons.  And how?

Variety is more than the spice of life. Embarking on new experiences is also an avenue for acquiring wisdom. You will never grow from being in your comfort zone which is why you need to get out of it. Do change your routine and experience as much as what life takes you to! In fact, there're always several sides to a life story. To identify the truth, you need to be receptive to different views.Never base your perspective on the most popular opinions.  Instead, train your mind to be a judgment-free space for ideas. Open-mindedness opens new pathways to profound insights.

What if you are desperate for personal growth and improvement? A shortcut to do that is to have wise people as your tutors, with whom the more time you spend, the more transfer of knowledge there will be. Your tutors can be whoever is wiser than you. 

 Remember developing wisdom is beyond a destination. It is important to acknowledge that it takes a span of your life and continuous effort to mature in wisdom as you navigate life's challenges.

A. Nor is it emotion-based.

B. Rome wasn't built in a day.

C. It isn't something you are born with.

D. Knowledge speaks, but wisdom listens.

E. Indeed, individuals need to possess bits of wisdom itself.

F. In order to navigate in it, wisdom becomes our guiding light.

G. Yet prior to that, engage in dialogue with them to find out why.

When caught in the rain, we have all run for cover—often to a nearby tree. On the way, we step over short-lived puddles and hastily formed streams, marveling at how quickly the soil changes from supportive and predictable to untrustworthy:slippery, soft, and spongy. At first chance we tend to flee,skipping further observation.

Given that direct observations are often impracticable, remote observation systems are crucial for capturing phenomena that are frequent and unpredictable. However, the Bimbache community of ElHierro observed water running down tree bar k during fog events and captured it for life and agriculture in 1764. If more contemporary hydrologists(水文学家) had watched fog by trees, forest managers may not have logged the Bull Run Watershed, which reduced local rainfall by 30% in 1982.

Water science faces criticism because of a"techno optimism that tries to solve all problems". In fact, this issue extends beyond water science. An interdisciplinary research team led by John T. VanStan from Cleveland State University argues that scientists should go beyond the laboratory to directly observe weather phenomena. The researchers insist that hands-on observation of storm events is crucial for comprehending the complexities of wet weather.

"Natural scientists seem increasingly content to stay dry and rely on remote sensors and samplers,models, and virtual experiments to understand natural systems. Consequently, we can miss important stormy phenomena, imaginative inspirations, and opportunities to build intuition—all of which are critical to scientific progress,"said Van Stan's team.

This type of"umbrella science", they warn, can miss important localized events. For instance, in describin g rainwater's flow from the forest treetops to the soils, the authors note that"if several branches efficiently capture and carry stormwaters to the stem, rainwater inputs to near-stem soils can be more than100 times greater."Likewise, water vapor(水蒸气) clouds trapped beneath forest treetop covers may escape remote detection, yet be sensitive to scientists on the ground. At the broader scale, these oversights can affect Ground Earth systems models, which often underestimate forest treetop water storage.

Direct observation, however, has gone beyond making up for the shortcomings of"umbrella science."Van Stan and colleagues see core value in firsthand storm experiences—not only for natural scientists, but also students studying climate change impacts on ecosystems.

It comes in waves. These are not calming waves, with their consisten t slapping of the shore, and seafoam coasting over the rocks and sand. These are whipping waves, ones that crush sandcastles and soak the beach in its toxic waters.

It's that feeling of embarrassment, sitting in class and tunneling down through everything you've ever done wrong before—on your anxious bench—wondering when someone will make a time machine. Maybe those thoughts consist of something embarrassing you said as a kid. Or that one time someone caught you dancing in a public bathroom. But what about the other way around? Do you look back and laugh at them and their actions? Do you even remember that or is it just a side detail in your mind?

All of these things re late to"respectable manners", disciplining your actions, and dulling happiness.It doesn't focus or highlight growth. Instead, it tears down joy allowing for self-ridicule. If you allow growth and happiness for those other people, why don't you deserve it for yourself?

Embarrassment is a lighter shade of shame—a shame formed from the perception of others and what opinions they might have. It all comes down to society:the boiling po t of expectations placed upon us. The perfection—an expectation that seems to grow with each year that passes—riddles its waters. But does it matter that much? Should we dull happiness when it's a mo ment of minor importance? Then we're left to question what we should be embarrassed about, what embarrassment is, and why it happens.

Embarrassment and happiness don't work together;they are the opposites of each other. Unfortunately,we can't choose our emotions, but we can choose how we live and how we think of others. Thinking back on embarrassing memories, how many of them are of other people? Probably few to none. It's the same way for everyone else. We are all living our own little lives. No one else can remember that embarrassing moment you dwell on every night, so why should you?

Chika's father is alive. We were always told he was dead. Now differently!

We drove to where Chika was born. Stepping out in front of me was her father. I asked aboutChika's infancy. He answered every inquiry with very few words. I didn't ask why he didn't want Chika back. I reminded myself he had lost his partner in that earthquake, the mother of his children.

I explained the reason why I came—Chika's medical condition—the brain tumor(肿瘤). Iexplained that her life could be in the balance. I said I had a hard question. If Chika should not survive,is it important to him that she be buried here in Haiti?

"It doesn't matter,"he said."Whatever you think."

I eventually came to my utmost mission. I wanted him to see his daughter—and her to see him—perhaps because, deep down, I doubted about another chance. Yet as we drove back together, there was part of me feeling as if I had been nudged(轻推) to the side of the picture. Although Janine and I have done with Chika, this man has a certain claim that we never will.

Yours, not yours! The paperwork at the orphanage(孤儿院) was signed by me. It obligates us to nurture, feed, educate, and protect you. But in the end, it is a document, not parenthood. Yours, not yours!We wrestled with this question many times, Chika. Remember what you once asked? How did you find me?I promised myself you would never feel lost again.

After two hours, the father walked over, shook my hand, and left. That night, Chika rested her head upon my shoulder and after a few seconds mumbled,"Mister Mitch? What will you do while I sleep?"

"I'll read,"I said."And think about how much I love you."

She nodded, her eyes glowed."That's what I'll do too."

At that moment,I didn't care who belonged to whom. I was hers, even if she were not mine.