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1、Be more productive. That is how ChatGPT, a generative-artificial-intelligence tool from OpenAI, sells itself to workers. But despite industry hopes that the technology will boost productivity across the workforce, not everyone is on board. According to two recent studies, women use ChatGPT between 16 and 20 percentage points less than their male peers, even when they are employed in the same jobs or read the same subject.

The first study, published as a working paper in June, explored ChatGPT at work. Anders Humlum of the University of Chicago and Emilie Vestergard of the University of Copenhagen surveyed 100,000 Danes across 11 professions in which the technology could save workers time, including journalism, software-developing and teaching. The researchers asked respondents how often they turned to ChatGPT and what might keep them from adopting it.

Across all professions, women were less likely to use ChatGPT than men who worked in the same industry. For example, only a third of female teachers used it for work, compared with half of male teachers. Among software developers, almost two-thirds of men used it while less than half of women did. The gap shrank only slightly, to 16 percentage points, when people in the same firms working on similar tasks were compared. As such, the study concludes that a lack of female confidence may be in part to blame: women who did not use AI were more likely than men to highlight that they needed training to use the technology.

Another potential explanation for the gender imbalance comes from a survey of 486 students at the Norwegian School of Economics (NHH). It also found a gender gap: female students enrolled in the NHH's only undergraduate programme were 18 percentage points less likely to use ChatGPT often. When the researchers separated students by admission grades, it became clear that the gap reflected the behaviour of mid-and high-performing women. Low performers were almost as likely as men to use the technology.

Why might this be? The researchers probed what was going on with some clever follow-up questions. They asked students whether they would use ChatGPT if their professor forbade it, and received a similar distribution of answers. However, with clear approval, everyone, including the better-performing women, reported that they would make use of the technology. In other words, the high-achieving women appeared to put a ban on themselves. "It's the ‘good girl' thing." reckons Ms Isaksson. "It's this idea that ‘I have to go through this pain, I have to do it on my own and I shouldn't cheat and take short-cuts'."

2、Has someone ever told you something that made you doubt your own memory or judgment? If so, you may be a victim of gaslighting: "Gaslighting" is a kind of psychological abuse to gain power over others by purposely making other people think they're wrong even when they're right. The term comes from Patrick Hamilton's play in 1938. Lead character Jack Manningham seeks to convince his wife Bella that she is going crazy, by saying she is imagining the dimming of the gas light in their home, when it was actually he who lowered the brightness of the light.

Gaslighting is initially used to talk about what happens in romantic relationships. However, many individuals also experience gaslighting at work. In fact, a recent survey has found that 58% of the respondents said they have experienced gaslighting at work. It's unsurprising since gaslighting usually involves a power relationship and a need to control others. In the workplace, the dynamics between a boss and his employee can be the perfect breeding ground for this type of behavior. You boss may tell you to handle an assignment in a certain way, but when you do, he gets annoyed and says it isn't what he wants. It makes you feel like your memory is faulty.

In order to find out whether your boss's behavior really constitutes gaslighting or he is just a poor communicator, you could write down your experiences and ask yourself what really has happened, what his motives might be, and how your emotion is affected. But always be careful because gaslighters know how to fly under the radar. They are skilled at weakening an employee's confidence and sense of reality in a clever and hard-to-prove way.

To protect yourself, at the end of the conversation with your boss, repeat back what you have heard and follow up with an e-mail restating the main points, documenting the interactions between you two. But don't get your hopes high that this will automatically solve the problem, Robin Stern, author of The Gaslight Effect, warns, because it's hard to get a gaslighter to change his behavior pattern. If things don't improve, you may want to consider getting out of the gaslighting situation by looking for a new position.

3、When Hurricane Douglas came barreling toward Oahu in 2020, David Sischo quickly packed up and drove to higher ground. But he wasn't shifting his family. He was shifting snails.

Sischo works with some of the rarest endangered species on the planet, kāhuli — Hawaii's native tree snails. The colorful, jewel-like snails were once so abundant. It's said they were like Christmas ornaments covering the trees. Almost all of the 750 different species were found only in Hawaii. Today, more than half of those species are gone, the extinctions happening in the span of a human lifetime. Sischo and his team with Hawaii' s Department of Land and Natural Resources have the heavy task of saving what's left.

To stave off extinction, 40 species of snails, each about the size of a dime, live in human care inside an unremarkable trailer near Honolulu. For some, it's the only place where they' re found, their wild populations having completely disappeared. "Most people, when they think endangered species going extinct, they think of pandas and tigers and elephants, but imagine having 40 different species that are all as rare as pandas are," Sischo says.

This winter, one species of snail will inch toward an auspicious milestone. It will be released in a special enclosure in the mountains of Oahu, one that has been painstakingly prepared to give the snails the best chance of survival in their natural environment.

Still, the outlook for Hawaii's snails is uncertain, symbolizing a new era in the conservation of endangered species. Around the world, plants and animals are being brought into enclosure as a last-ditch effort against extinction. But as the climate heats up and invasive species continue to spread, many have no clear path to return to nature in the near term. That could mean they stay in human care. In the face of the biodiversity crisis, many wildlife biologists say there's no other choice. "These are biological treasures that are irreplaceable," Sisch o says. "It is now or never. What we manage to keep on Earth will be what the next generation is able to put back."

4、Museums have changed. We'll always have the Met in New York and the Louvre in Paris, but nowadays you'll find a museum for absolutely everything and everyone. Here are some interesting museums.

Museum of Bad Art(Boston, Massachusetts)

The mission of MOBA is to collect, exhibit and celebrate art that will be shown in no other venue. Highlights include Lucy in the Field with Flowers, a painting found in 1993 leaning against a trash barrel, waiting for garbage collection. This painting was the first of the MOBA collection. A low point and a must-see — is the painting Our Lady or Perpetual Housework.

The Mob Museum (Las Vegas, Nevada)

This 1933 former U. S. post office and federal courtroom was bought by the city of Las Vegas in 2002 for $1, with the condition it be used for something cultural, like a museum. Officially the National Museum of Organized Crime and Law Enforcement, this museum tells a visual story of the war between the mob and the police. The museum ends its tour by inviting you into a fully operational — and legal — speakeasy.

International Tennis Hall of Fame (Newport, Rhode island)

This museum was built on the site of the first United States National Lawn Tennis Championships in1881(which grew into the U. S. Open in New York). A highlight is a Kings Court for "court tennis," first played by monks and kings dating back to 1538. In this ancient game, the ball can bounce off the walls and windows and still be in play. There are only 10 such courts in North America, as they cost approximately $3 million to make.

5、听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

6、听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

7、听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

8、听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

9、听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

10、Where did the man find his pen?

11、Why does the man apologize to Judith?

12、What does the man probably want to buy?

13、When did the man have his first Lego set?

14、What does the woman dislike about the restaurant?

15、阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Wilma was a lively child who always wanted to play outside. The only problem was, she got sick — a lot! Ever since she was born, she was either feverish, coughing, sneezing or covered in spots. . . or at least, that was how she remembered it! Poor Wilma caught lots of diseases with long names and spent a lot of time in the hospital. "If being ill were a sport, I'd be a champion!"

When she was five, Wilma caught something called polio, and it looked as if she might never get to play outside again. Wilma recovered from catching polio, but her left leg and foot were badly weakened by the disease. This made it difficult for her to walk.

That meant she couldn't go to nursery school or her first years of primary school like everyone else. It made her upset to see the other kids having fun outside. While the doctors treated her weak leg and she learned how to walk again, she had lessons at home.

Wilma also had to take a fifty-mile bus ride with her mum twice a week to go to Meharry Medical College. The kind doctors and nurses at the college gave her exercises to strengthen her muscles. She had to wear a metal brace (支架) that supported her left leg. Using this, she could finally walk by herself and go to school with other kids. That sounded good, but the little girl really hated wearing it. She had to wear it with heavy shoes that made her stand out.

"What will the other kids say? " she asked her mum. "I don't want to look different!" Her mother tried to cheer her up. "You won't have to wear it forever, dear. Just keep exercising and make your leg strong!" That's what Wilma did! She made sure to do all the exercises the doctors gave her to make her leg better. It wasn't easy, but she kept imagining how wonderful it would be to walk to school without the brace.

注意：

(1)续写词数应为150个左右；

(2)请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。

When Wilma was twelve, the doctors decided that her leg was strong enough.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Then, she was invited to join her school's track team.

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16、假定你是李华，参加了上周五学校举办的烹饪比赛。请给你的新西兰好友 Linda写一封邮件分享你的经历，内容包括：

（1）你制作的美食；

（2）你的感想。

注意：

（1）写作词数应为80个左右；

（2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。

Dear Linda,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

17、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The world's largest three-dimensional LEGO model of "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" was displayed in Hong Kong last week.

Covering 47 square meters, the exhibit became a popular attraction, artfully (piece) together a wonderful world where the old and the new met.

"We rolled out this exhibit mainly (promote) traditional Chinese culture through creative events appealing to young people, " said a deputy general manager of Bank of China.

As people walked along the 26-meter-long and three-dimensional model made of up to 3 million lego bricks, they could picture themselves in lively ancient streets, sellers were offering goods and kids were playing hide and seek.

Pointing at two-storey building with a front door decorated with colorful ribbons, Li Chun-tung, a (lecture) at the University of Hong Kong, said, "This was one of the (busy) restaurants then, with decorations that were typical inns and bars in Northern Song Dynasty. "

The lego model recreated many details of life over centuries ago, much the same as those presented in the painting. It combined two (entire) different cultural representatives from the East and the West, (offer) viewers a glimpse into the past and inspired them to explore the (rich) of Chinese heritage.

18、The word for Samoans to say hello is Talofa. It depends on who they're speaking with and the formality of the situation.

In the old days, Samoans greeted each other by touching foreheads and noses together. The practice was widely discontinued after the Spanish influenza pandemic (流行病) wiped out around 20 percent of our population.

Now, what about the language that Samoans use to greet people?

Talofa is the official word for hello in Samoan. That is Si-o'u-alofa, which literally means: my love, but the unspoken understanding behind it is that I'm offering my love to the person I'm addressing. So basically, Talofa means my love is for you.

Another greeting expression is Ua'e sau, which confused me when I first heard it. But I soon learned that it's so common and so very Samoan. When you show up somewhere, it's perfectly natural for a Samoan to ask, "Ua'e sau? " Anyone outside our culture might think, "Uhh, can you not see that I am here, and I have arrived?" Actually, it's just a way for the greeter to acknowledge you are now in their presence. Also I've noticed that if your arrival is unexpected, this question is a beautifully subtle (微妙的) way of asking why you are here.

A. It means, "Have you arrived? "

B. But they use a few other greetings as well.

C. Remember it next time a Samoan asks you, "Ua'e sau? "

D. They might wonder why you bother to ask such a question.

E. It comes from an older greeting packed with beautiful meaning.

F. So we should practice some of Samoa's most common greeting words.

G. These days, Samoans like to greet each other with a single kiss on the cheek.

19、Getting into arguments with strangers online or family members at the dinner table can feel a bit like debating with a brick wall. We are probably all guilty (有过失的) of feeling like we are right, even if we don't have all the facts. This phenomenon is called the "illusion of information adequacy   (IOIA)".

"Interpersonal conflict is on the rise, driving increases in anger, anxiety, and general stress, " says Angus Fletcher, a researcher at the Ohio State University. "We wanted to look into those misunderstandings and see how they could be reduced. "

In the study, the team surveyed 1, 261 Americans online. All the participants read an article about an imaginary school with water shortage. Group one read an article that only gave reasons for merging (合并) with another school that has better water. Group two read an article that only gave reasons for the schools staying separate and hoping for other solutions to the problem. Group three was the control group that read both sets of the arguments.

They found the majority of the first two groups believed they had enough information to decide what to do. They said they would follow the recommendations in the article they read and thought others would make the same decision. About 55 percent of the control group recommended the schools merge.

The team calls this belief IOIA. Fletcher describes it as, "The less our brain knows, the more confident it is that it knows all it needs to know. This makes us leap to confident conclusions and decisive judgments, when we miss necessary information. "

The team also found some were willing to change their minds — once they had all the facts. Timing also plays a role. The people in the study changed their opinions that were recently formed, not long-held beliefs.

According to Fletcher, one of the best ways to reduce IOIA when disagreeing with someone is to stop and ask, "Is there something I'm missing that would help me understand their position better? " This can help reduce unnecessary interpersonal conflict.

20、In an age when online misinformation is seemingly everywhere and objective facts are frequently questioned, some psychologists have presented a solution: Expose young children to more misinformation online — not less. Doing so in limited circumstances, and with careful oversight and education, can help children gain the tools they'll need to tell fact from falsehood online, said Evan Orticio, a Ph. D. student in UC Berkeley's Department of Psychology.

"Children are born with skepticismc (质疑) and they can adapt their level of skepticism according to the quality of information they've seen before in a digital context," Orticio said. "They can use their expectations of how this digital environment works to make reasonable adjustments to how much they trust or distrust information. "

Minors encounter health misinformation within minutes of creating a TikTok account. Even platforms intended for young audiences like YouTube Kids have become spaces for misinformation. That's a particular problem because parents may have the impression that these are safe places their kids can explore. That may give a false sense of security and allow falsehoods and problematic content to go unchecked and be taken as true and acceptable. So encountering misinformation when children surf online is unavoidable.

If children have some experience working in controlled but imperfect environments where they are constantly encountering things that aren't quite right, and we show them the process for figuring out what is actually true and not, that will set them up with the expectation to be more critical. Orticio said, "Rather than trying tosanitize their online environments, parents should have discussions with their children about how to check claims and talk about what they're seeing. " It's not that we need to enhance their skepticism. It's that we need to give them the ability to use that skepticism to their advantage.