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Goldin mined 200 years of data to analyze how changes in women's participation in the labor force have been influenced by social, political and technological change over the past two centuries. Before Goldin's studies, it was widely thought that the increase in the percentage of women in work over the course of the 20^th century was a reflection of economic growth — higher growth meant more females could be employed. But by looking back carefully at historical records, Goldin showed that the percentage of married women involved in paid work was at least as high in the late 18th century as it is today, She also demonstrated that although work opportunities for women expanded in the 20th century, they were not made use of as much as they could have been.

Goldin has also shown that inequalities in pay have not followed a simple relationship with economic growth. The earning divide between different genders was smaller during the industrial revolution during 1820 -1850; the divide changed little between 1930 and 1980. Goldin showed in 2010 that being a mother has a key role in keeping pay inequality, largely through loss of earnings when women quit work in favor of raising children.

"The strength of her work comes from combining reliable historical data with insights from economic theories of wage determination, employment discrimination and political economy," says economist Claudia Olivetti at Dartmouth College. "I am delighted to see Goldin's work recognized. She has been such an inspiration to many women and young researchers. Leading with passion, curiosity and integrity, she taught us to be brave and go for the big questions. Thanks to Goldin's research, some companies are now starting to change their practices with the introduction of flexible, family-friendly working arrangements."

Using climate modelling, the research concludes that Greenland's melting will speed up suddenly if the average global temperature crosses a threshold (阈值) that is no higher than 2.3 ℃ above pre-industrial levels and could be much lower. That threshold might be getting quite close: the average temperature in 2025 is likely to hit 1.5 ℃ above pre-industrial levels. But we do not necessarily tip the Greenland ice sheet just because we cross the threshold. Even if temperatures shoot up by 6 ℃, or more above pre-industrial levels , humanity will be able to reduce much of that ice loss if warming is limited to 1.5 ℃ within a few centuries, the study shows. It means that the ice sheet can be saved.

But Nils Bochow, a climate scientist at UiT The Arctic University of Norway and lead author of the study and others are quick to note that taking action against climate change now will be cheaper and easier than trying to control global temperatures later. "It's a worthwhile tool to explore because what we have done so far in terms of policy is not enough to be within the limit ," says Bochow.

The authors examine the effect of average global temperature increases rather than temperature increases in the Arctic, which are happening at least three times faster than those on the rest of the planet, And the study assumes that society will somehow work out a way to cut down greenhouse gas emissions (排放) sharply in the future, perhaps through carbon-storage technology. Petrini, the co-author of the study, says he doesn't want people to think the Greenland ice sheet is going to be fine, "There's a chance to prevent some serious consequences even if there's no political will now," he says. "But we should do our bit today rather than later."

Daily life

Dates and Fees

The summer session starts from June 16 to July 6. Applications are due on January 24. The program is open to all current high school students around the world: freshmen, sophomores , juniors, and seniors. For scholarship requirements, please check our official website.

Application Fee: $25                                 Admission: $6,250

What's included

In a new school filled with unfamiliar faces, Charlie felt like a fish out of water. The lively chatter of students around him only fueled his loneliness. Every day, he walked through the hallways feeling invisible and trapped in uncertainty. To escape this loneliness, Charlie turned to video games, where he became a hero battling monsters and saving kingdoms. In this digital world, he felt powerful and important, unlike his quiet life at school.

Ms. Rita, his literature teacher, noticed the quiet boy at the back of the classroom, often lost in his thoughts. She had a gift for connecting with her students, always offering kind words or warm smiles. Although she encouraged Charlie to share his feelings, he hid his struggles, preferring the company of imaginary friends in his games, where he found the appreciation that was missing in his real life.

Recently, Charlie became hooked on a new game. One Sunday evening, he immersed himself in its colorful world, ignoring his mother's reminders to sleep. Excited by his adventures, he remained awake, thinking about strategies, which left him anxious and tired for school.

The next day, unable to resist the temptation, Charlie secretly packed his gaming machine in his backpack. In Ms. Rita's class, his heart raced, not from the lesson on poetry, but from the thought of playing during breaks. While other students engaged in discussions about finding something valuable in life, Charlie's mind was focused on the game hidden in his bag.

When the discussion opened up, he took the chance to peek at his gaming machine. As he powered it on, the screen flashed with new quests, and he lost track of his surroundings. Unfortunately, just as he was concentrating, the gaming machine slipped from his hands and crashed to the floor with a loud sound. Silence enveloped the classroom, and all eyes turned towards him, the weight of anxiety and tension heavy in the air.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150个左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Paragraph 1

However, Ms. Rita picked up the fallen gaming machine with her usual warm smile.

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Paragraph 2

Grateful while guilty, Charlie approached Ms. Rita's office after school.

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1. 你的观点；

2. 你的理由。

注意：

1. 写作词数应为80个左右；

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

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Attracting widespread attention, China's animated hit Ne Zha 2, (motivate) audience to visit museums nationwide in search of its sources of historical (inspire) since its release during Spring Festival this year.

At the Hebei Museum in Shijiazhuang, crowds gather around a 2,000-year-old gilt-bronze incense burner (镀金青铜香炉), known as the Boshan burner, which (believe) to have inspired the design of the seven-colored lotus, a multilayered lotus root that reconstructs the(body) of the main characters, Ne Zha and Ao Bing, in the movie. Fans have also found similarities between some (historical) accurate movie elements and museum collections, such as the dragon king Ao Guang's sword which is similar to a Shang Dynasty weapon in the Yinxu Museum in Henan province. sword of Ne Zha's mother, Lady Yin, looks like the 2,500-year-old sword of the legendary King Goujian in the Hubei Provincial Museum. Another typical example is the barrier beasts, funny figures serving as guardians, designs are thought to be inspired by ancient relics (house) at the Sanxingdui Museum.

In this legendary animation, numerous treasures of ancient cultural relics are brought life. Through cinematic reinterpretation, their historical significance, cultural essence and contemporary value become more (access) to the public, which helps further inherit and promote fine traditional Chinese culture.

But few people knew about his2 then. Therefore, although Richard was known for his sharp mind before, everyone3 his decline was because of his inability and lack of confidence, which made him very4.

For the next few years, Richard lost job after job. Then, when he was 58, he was formally diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. But he still wanted to5.

That's where their unsung hero stepped in. It was an engineering company. When Richard applied for the job, he6 the truth about his disease. But it still7 him.

"They gave him a paycheck, which made him feel8," Paul said. "But more importantly, they gave him9 and a sense of purpose when his life was10."

The disease continued to11. Eventually, Richard was no longer12 to work. The company said that with deep regret, it had to let Richard go. On his final day of work, his colleagues even held a goodbye party to thank him for his13.

"What a14 gesture that was," Paul said.

He still talks about the company's compassion (同情) for his father. He wishes he could tell them how much their15 and generosity have meant to his family, all these years later.

. That means using your senses to actually enjoy the food and taking the time to "express gratitude for your meal," says Lilian Cheung, an expert in public health from Harvard University. She also stresses that mindful eating is not only good for digestion, but allows us to become more aware of the food we have.

So how to eat more mindfully?

Firstly, remove all distractions while you eat — including your cell phone. They can affect your ability to enjoy your food. "," says Cheung. "Make sure your cell phone is face down and you're not going to be responding to any messages then."

See if you can extend your mealtime to 20 minutes. We often find ourselves eating while doing something else. . When you sit down to eat, spend about 20 minutes doing so. Your body needs that time to get the signal to the brain that you are full.

You can also buy time by noticing the little details about your food. For example, take a moment to notice the texture of the bread, the taste of the fillings, and the pleasant smell that rises from your meal. .

Actually chew. If you're wolfing down your food, you're probably not chewing it. And chewing is an important part of digestion, says Cheung. . Look at each bite before putting it into your mouth, acknowledge what you're eating and just chew, chew, chew.

A. Avoid talking about the food

B. Set aside time to eat and only eat

C. Mindful eating is beneficial to us all

D. That can make us eat faster than we normally would

E. It helps break up the food to make it more easily absorbable

F. To slow down the pace, you'll need to practice mindful eating

G. This will surely help you slow down and fully appreciate your food

Traditional e-skins, while innovative, have been limited by their dependence on multiple sensors and large power sources. "Previous designs were like smartphone touchscreens with countless individual sensors," explained Dr. Denys Makarov, lead researcher at the Institute of Ion Beam Physics. "Our major breakthrough was developing a whole system that imitates how human skin actually works. This is mainly what sets it apart from previous e-skins."

The new e-skin consists of a remarkably thin membrane (膜), which is both flexible and breathable. Unlike earlier versions that could cause discomfort to real skin, this design allows air and moisture to pass through, making it comfortable to wear. The key innovation is a magnetosensitive functional layer that serves as a single, continuous sensor surface.

Pavlo Makushko, the study's first author, compares the technology to human biology, "Just as our skin sends all touch signals through nerves to the brain, our e-skin uses one central processor to interpret magnetic signals across its entire surface." This efficient design significantly reduces energy consumption compared to conventional e-skins.

The research team adapted principles from medical tomography (影像) to achieve unheard-of precision in locating magnetic signals. This approach overcame previous limitations in sensitivity that had prevented similar developments.

Looking ahead, the researchers imagine this technology bridging the gap between human and machine interaction. "It creates a completely new communication channel," Makarov noted, emphasizing how the e-skin's magnetic sensing avoids disturbance from other electronics. As development continues, we may soon see this innovative e-skin integrated into everything from wearable tech to advanced robotics.

Scientists believe Mars was once a mild world with flowing water and a protective magnetic field (磁场), which was suitable for the survival of living things. "Around three billion years ago, something disastrous happened," explains Ken Farley, Perseverance's project scientist. "The planet's magnetic field disappeared, solar wind took away the atmosphere forcefully, and Mars became the uninhabitable world we see today."

Perseverance's primary mission is to search for signs of ancient tiny living organisms. The rover is equipped with precise instruments to analyze rocks and soil, but its most important task is collecting pure and undamaged samples for detailed study on Earth. "Each sample tube we fill could hold answers to questions about Martian history and whether life ever existed there," says Meenakshi Wadhwa, lead scientist for the Mars Sample Return program.

In June 2024, NASA's Curiosity rover discovered yellow sulfur crystals — an exciting find. However, only Perseverance can collect samples for return to Earth, making its mission uniquely valuable.

The ambitious Mars Sample Return program, a cooperation between NASA and ESA, aims to retrieve these samples by the early 2030s. The process involves multiple spacecraft working in sequence to launch the samples from Mars' surface and safely deliver them to Earth. Once here, scientists worldwide will study them using advanced laboratory techniques unavailable on the rover itself.

"These samples may hold clues not just about Mars, but about how planets evolve and how life begins," Wadhwa emphasizes. As Perseverance continues its journey across the Martian landscape, each new discovery brings humanity closer to answering one of our most profound questions: Are we alone in the universe?

Liu Jiakun was born in 1956. His architectural adventure started, playing in the corridors of the large brick hospital where his mother worked as a doctor. "From the rooftop, I could see the whole city," Liu recalled in an interview, describing how these early experiences shaped his perspective on urban spaces and community life. After graduating in 1982, Liu's career took a special path. While working for a state-owned architecture firm in Tibet, he also developed a strong passion for writing. "I had two identities then," he explained. "By day I was an architect, by night a writer." This creative life would later profoundly influence his architectural philosophy.

Liu's designs skillfully combine traditional Chinese elements with modern functionality. His West Village commercial complex in Chengdu(2015)is a typical example of this approach, transforming an entire city block into a lively public space with buildings, bike paths and pedestrian walkways that reexplain traditional Chinese urban planning for modern needs.

The Pritzker judges particularly praised Liu's"respect for culture, history and nature."Remarkable projects include the Novartis Pharmaceutical Building in Shanghai, which features dramatic balconies inspired by ancient Chinese architecture, and the Luyeyuan Stone Sculpture Art Museum, evoking(唤醒)the peace of classical Chinese gardens.

Perhaps Liu's most painful creation is his"rebirth brick" project following the deadly 2008 Sichuan earthquake. Using straw and stones from the fallen buildings, Liu developed these special bricks to help rebuild communities. "Each brick carries history," he said, highlighting how architecture can represent both memory and restoration.

In his Pritzker statement, Liu described his design philosophy in a poetic way, "I dream to be like water — adapting to each place's unique qualities while gradually solidifying into architecture that honors both tradition and innovation."

Program Introduction

Join us in the Forest Conservation Volunteer Program and play a crucial role in protecting our precious forests! Our program focuses on activities like tree-planting, invasive species removal, and forest trail maintenance. By participating, you'll contribute directly to enhancing the forest ecosystem, safeguarding wildlife habitats, and promoting sustainable forestry.

Group Arrangements

Groups of five or more need to make special arrangements and should confirm their participation in advance. Please check the List of Available Projects on our official website [www.foresetnbt.com] and fill out the Group Project Request Form.

Age, Skills & What to Bring

Volunteers aged 12 and over are welcome. For those under 16, please read our Youth Policy Guidelines carefully.

When coming for the volunteer activities, bring a completed Volunteer Agreement Form. If you're under 18, the parent/ guardian approval section must be signed.

We'll carry out activities regardless of the weather. So, wear clothes that can get dirty. Prepare layers for changing weather conditions and bring a raincoat if necessary. Also, don't forget to bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.

No prior experience is required. We'll provide training and all the necessary tools. This program can fulfill your community service requirements.

Upeoming Events

Amanda and Susie, though sisters with a two-year age gap, had never got along. From the minute Susie was born, Amanda knew the baby disliked her.

As Susie grew, she hated Amanda for telling her how to do things. Amanda viewed Susie as spoilt, because she was the youngest in the family. At secondary school, Amanda shone at English; Susie was a maths whizz. Each made the other feel inadequate. When Amanda turned fifteen, Susie was angry when her sister was allowed to go to the youth club disco. Perhaps that was why Susie married so young — anything to beat her sister down the aisle. But Amanda got her revenge. When it was her turn, she chose a bridesmaids clashed with Susie's hair at her wedding.

Now, despite being in their fifties, these grievances (牢骚) were still fresh in the sisters' minds. The only thing they had in common was that they both loved their mother deeply.

Then one day, her father rang with the terrible news that their mother had died suddenly. Both sisters were stricken with grief, but Susie, was also upset that their father hadn't informed her first.

Then their father told them about their mother's will. "She's left you the painting." He said to them both. The painting — a portrait of the sisters by the mother — was the source of one of their biggest childhood arguments. To their surprise, it was bequeathed (遗赠) to both, "Your mom hopes that you each have it for six months and then swap over, for all your rest life." added the father.

"We live miles apart. We could get it delivered." said Susie. "It's against the will," their father replied, "‘I love to look at it, especially now you've both left home.' Your mom used to say. Now it felt like the last link to her."

For the sake of their beloved mother, the two sister began the cyclic keeping of the painting. This time it was Susie's turn to deliver the painting.

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Paragraph 1:

When Susie arrived, she found Amanda lying in the bed with her leg broken in an accident.

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Paragraph 2:

Silently, they began to admire the painting, and all of a sudden, a line of little words beneath draw Amanda's attention.

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1.你的标语

2.推荐理由

注意：（1）写作词数应为80左右；

（2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。

Dear Mr. Smith,

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Best regards,

Li Hua