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Strategies to Overcome Social Phobia (社交恐惧)

Social phobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by intense fear in social situations. People with social phobia feel paralyzing fear when other people are around, as well as nervousness, anguish, or shyness. As we can see, social phobia is very uncomfortable and limiting for the person who suffers from it, so we must differentiate it from shyness.  

Learn to relax. People with social phobia often have what is known as anticipatory anxiety.  For this we have to learn to relax instead of anticipating the fear of the future situation.

Look for social situations.  If we try to relate outside of our usual circle or look for small situations that require a small interaction, we will see how little by little we will feel more comfortable in them. In this way, when a social event arrives that we want to attend or participate in, we will be better able to be comfortable in it.

Make sure your imagination does not betray you. In the vast majority of cases you are afraid of things that have not happened or are not happening. We have to be especially careful what we think others may be thinking of us.

Be yourself. Social phobia is due, in part, to the conviction that we have to be what is expected of us, in giving a perfect image.  So we do not have to focus so much on what others may think of us, but on feeling comfortable with ourselves without having to be perfect.

A. That is, they worry about the situation before it occurs.

B. Imagination can play tricks on us in social situations.

C. We have to learn to accept ourselves and trust ourselves.

D. Be aware of avoiding any situation without overcoming.

E. Next, we are going to see a series of tips to overcome social phobia.

F. If we constantly avoid social situations out of fear, it is very difficult for us to be able to overcome them.

G. If we are able to ask open questions that require more than one "yes" or "no" for an answer and we focus on the answers.

Beautiful coral reefs (珊瑚礁) in Thai seas have been gradually worsening due to global warming that causes coral bleaching, in addition to certain human activities without proper control and environmental consciousness. Recently, researchers from Thai university Chulalongkom have created 3D-printed coral reefs modeled on the nature of real corals called Innovareef to accelerate the recovery of the coral reef ecosystem. 

Innovareef corals are coated with calcium and phosphate nutrients (钙磷营养物) that corals need to thrive and consist of flat surfaces. The reefs' holes serve as habitats and hiding places for many sea animals. Artificial reefs also make use of hydrodynamics technology to enhance their resistance to tidal forces and ensure that they stay in place. Finally, the PH (level of acidity) of the selected type of cement used for the reefs is close to that of seawater, and the design concept is that of Lego, easily assembled (组装) and disassembled blocks that are easy to transport and fix.

"The Innovareef is not too large. It's light-weighted and can be carried by anyone thus saving transportation costs. You can simply put it at any desired location in the sea and then dive down to put all the units together to complete the Innovareef. Not even five minutes afterward, fish and several ocean creatures start to come in to survey and make it their new habitat, leading to biodiversity around the Innovareef. More importantly, the research data indicates that the settlement and growth rates of planula on the Innovareef are better than those on other artificial reefs,"said Associate Professor Dr. Nantarika Chansue at Chulalongkorn University.

Innovareef is the hope for the effective recovery of natural coral reefs. Now the team is focused on adding more details so that the new structures look more like natural reefs. For the future generations of Innovareef, the team will develop a more specific design for each sea species in the area.

On September 26, 2022, NASA successfully completed its Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission by intentionally crashing an unmanned spacecraft into the asteroid(小行星) Dimorphos. The goal was not to destroy the asteroid but to change its orbit. With the successful mission, NASA proved the concept that this technique could keep a potentially dangerous asteroid from crashing into Earth in the future.

Dimorphos is a small asteroid orbiting the larger asteroid Didymos. NASA noted that Dimorphos is not a threat to Earth, but because it passes relatively close to Earth, it was chosen as the target for the test mission. 

Although the intended crash should change the asteroid's position slightly, it will add to a major shift over time. "If you were going to do this for planetary defense, you would do it 5, 10, 15, or 20 years in advance for this technique to work," said NASA program executive Andrea Riley. "This is why we test. We want to do it now rather than when there's an actual need."

Asteroids can pose a significant threat to planet Earth. For example, around 66 million years ago, an asteroid around 6 to 9 miles across struck the Earth in what is now the Yucatan Peninsula. The resulting impact was so catastrophic(灾难性的) that it caused one of the largest extinction events in Earth's history. Therefore, DART's success is an important step forward in protecting the planet from potential damage from an asteroid. This shows humans are no longer powerless to prevent this type of natural disaster.

The DART spacecraft was launched by NASA on November 24, 2021. It was accompanied by another craft called LICIACube, supplied by the Italian Space Agency, and separated from DART just 15 days before the crash. LICIACube remained in orbit around the asteroid and took photographs of the crash and material ejected(弹出) from the asteroid's surface.

The FIFA World Cup Trophy (奖杯) is arguably one of the most iconic prizes in the sporting world. So far, two different trophies have been used in the history of the FIFA World Cups.

The Jules Rimet Trophy was the first trophy awarded to the winners of the FIFA World Cups. Initially, the old trophy was originally named "Victory". However, this trophy was renamed "the Jules Rimet Trophy" in 1946. This change was made to honor former FIFA president Jules Rimet, who voted to organize the first FIFA World Cup in 1930. French sculptor Abel Lafleur designed the trophy in 1930. The trophy was 14 inches in height and weighed 8.4 pounds. It was comprised of a winged representation of Nike, the Greek Goddess of Victory and was inspired by the Nike of Samothrace statue.

Uruguay became the first champion and kept the trophy in 1930. The trophy was eventually retired when Brazil won the World Cup final for the third time in 1970. Following their success in Mexico, Brazil was allowed to keep the trophy permanently. However, the original trophy was stolen for a second time in 1983. It was never recovered, and it was claimed that it had been melted down into gold bars. Following the retirement of the Jules Rimet Trophy, FIFA needed a new cup. Eventually, Italian artist Silvio Gazzaniga's design was selected as the new World Cup trophy.

The modern FIFA World Cup trophy describes two human figures holding the earth on top of their heads. The base of the trophy has "FIFA World Cup" engraved (刻). Furthermore, following every World Cup, the name of the winning team and the winning year is also engraved at the base. The trophy weighs 13.61 pounds. Unlike the Jules Rimet Trophy, the winning nations and future winners don't get to hold the original trophy anymore. The new regulations state that it remains in FIFA's possession. Instead, winners are given a gold-plated bronze replica (青铜复制品) provided by FIFA.West Germany was the first nation to lift the modern World Cup trophy in 1974.

The new trophy can hold up to seventeen names and years and is likely to be retired following the 2038 World Cup.

China's Cargo Spacecraft Sets New World Record

The Tianzhou 5 cargo spacecraft launched on November 12th docked with the Tiangong space station around noon, setting a world record for the fastest rendezvous and docking operations between the two spacecraft, according to the China Manned Space Agency.

The Tianzhou 5 was placed into a low-Earth orbit by a Long March 7 rocket that blasted off at 10:03 a.m. at the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan Province.

After cargo craft entered the orbit, it traveled two hours and seven minutes to rendezvous (交会对接) with the Tiangong space station and then docked with the massive station at 12:10 p.m., the agency said in a news release.

The maneuvers have become the fastest rendezvous and docking processes for spacecraft, replacing the old record set by the Russian spacecraft Soyuz MS-17 on October 14th, 2020, when it used three hours and three minutes since its liftoff to rendezvous and connect with the International Space Station.

The manned space agency said the fast rendezvous and docking are key to establishing the capability to transport supplies to the space station in an emergency.

The cargo ship is carrying about 5.3 metric tons of materials, including living and mission necessities, scientific equipment as well as a mini experimental satellite. The craft also carries nearly 1.4 tons of propellants for the Tiangong station, the designers said.

My family went on our annual (每年的) summer vacation in a small house on a lake. Every day we kids are busy swimming, fishing and building sand castle on the beach. By the third day of our vacation, however, something caught my attention. I noticed my 10-year-old sister, Kate, always watching videos and looking through online shops indoors. She was so addicted to her cell phone! Over dinner, I asked Kate whether she would like to go hike to the top of the mountain across the lake the following morning, "Maybe you need put your phone away and enjoy the wonderful scenery. It's really amazing. "

"Well," Kate replied unwillingly, "there are some bargains (减价品) tomorrow in several online shops, so I'll not be available tomorrow. "

"You can't miss the fresh air and beautiful views here. Hiking is really fun!"

"I cannot walk so far", she didn't look up from her soup and mumbled (嘟囔), "and it sounds more like punishment than a vacation. "

When I said it only took us half an hour of steady walk to climb to the top, though reluctant, she nodded, "Fine, I'll go. "

The weather was fine as usual with clear skies and gentle winds. After packing, I found Kate walking slowly downstairs and in a very unenthusiastic (不热情的) voice, "Ok, I'm ready to go. Tom"

Anyway, when we stepped out of our house, quite a different view unfolded before our eyes. Sunlight brightened on the glassy surface of the lake. Not far away, a rough path wound to the top of the mountain across the lake with flowers and grass on both sides. We began from the path. 

"Tom, I'm still wondering if it is a good idea to go hiking. " Kate said, frowning (皱眉).

注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。

She followed me but kept some distance, thinking something else. 

……

Reaching the top, Kate widened her eyes, shouting, "How wonderful!"

注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 涵盖所有要点，可适当增加细节，使行文连贯；3. 请在答题卡相应位置作答。

可能用到的词汇：opening ceremony开幕式；Beijing Winter Olympic Village北京冬奥村；figure skating

花样滑冰；speed skating速度滑冰

Traditional Chinese painting is highly regarded all over the world for its theory, (express) and skill. It is also one of oldest continuous artistic traditions in the world. It is known in Chinese guo hua, meaning "national or native painting".

Traditional Chinese painting is done with a brush is dipped in black or coloured ink. The most popular paintings are made of paper and silk. The (finish) work can be put in albums or on walls. 

Traditional Chinese painting has its own special tools, consisting of brushes, ink, xuan paper and so on. Chinese painting can (divide) into figure paintings, landscapes and flower-and-bird paintings according to the subjects. Landscapes, mainly (describe) the natural scenery of mountains and rivers, represent a major type of traditional Chinese painting. 

In the 1980s, Chinese oil painting developed (quick). Then folk painting became popular, such as Chinese New Year pictures. It is put up on doors, room walls and windows (invite) blessings during the New Year. Woodcuts (become) increasingly various in style, theme and artistic form since the 1980s. 

When I lived in China, it was a struggle for me to learn Chinese and adapt to Chinese1 . When I first went to school, I was surprised at the class2 . There were about sixty students in our class. And the students were not so3 as those in the US where we often had open discussions. 

However, it was not a big4 for me because when I went to school, I did not5 anything that the teacher and students said. I6 sat in my seat without7 anything. After I went home, I8 and told my mom that I wanted to go back to my homeland. 

When I calmed down, I9 that I had to study Chinese very hard, but it was very difficult to learn the language. Every day at school, I tried to10 Chinese students and make friends with them. When school was over, I studied Chinese all night using elementary school books. It11 to be a good way for me to learn Chinese. 12 , I began to speak Chinese in school. Finally, I became13 during class and began to make some friends. 14 , I achieved a high grade in the exam and was also able to adapt to Chinese living. 

Now, I like to talk with Chinese friends and I like Chinese food, too. The experience of15 to learn Chinese in China was very valuable for me. I will never forget that time when I learned so much. 

Although taking good notes sounds a time-consuming task, it will benefit you to become a better student in several ways.  Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest. 

You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report.  Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process. 

The following methods may work best for you. 

• Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it. 

• Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts. 

• Write your notes in your own words. 

•

• Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written. 

As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand (速记). When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time. 

A. There are three practical note-taking methods. 

B. You must write your notes on separate paper. 

C. Use some key words, not complete sentences. 

D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later. 

E. You will also want to develop your own method for taking notes. 

F. First, the simple act of writing something down helps you understand and remember it better. 

G. That means you have to first decide what is important enough to include in your notes. 

For humans, adapting to (适应) climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help reduce the effects of a warmer world. However, animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviour. 

In a study done by Trends in Ecology & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD at Deakin University, in Australia, shows that is already happening. And climate change is already changing the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger beaks (鸟喙), limbs and ears. 

In some species of Australian parrot, for example, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. All that is nicely in line with evolutionary theory (进化论). "Allen's rule", named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages (附肢) than those in mild regions.

Such increase in an animal's surface area helps it release (释放) extra heat. For example, being richly gifted with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to release heat.

It seems clear that the world of the future is not just going to be hotter than humans are used to. These animals living in it will look different, too. Studying a larger range of animals will help figure out what is exactly happening. Much of Ms Ryding's data is about birds, however, with less information available for other animals.

When most people picture bobsled from the Winter Olympics or from the film "Cool Runnings", they usually see four people, or at least two, energetically pushing a sled and then leaping in before racing down an icy course.

But differently, in monobob, an event making its first Olympic show at the 2022 Beijing Winter Games, one sledder does it all: push, leap and drive, and at this year's Games, every one of the competitors will be a woman.

The event is one of seven additions to the Olympics program for 2022 and the only one of the groups that will be competed only by women. Also being added are freestyle skiing big air jumping events for men and women and a handful of mixed-gender events. 

Monobob, however, may get the most attention. The event was attracting the International Olympic Committee in many ways, but particularly because of its competitive advantages. The cost of entry for the smaller sleds—a monobob might cost about $15,000, while a two-person is about $70,000—and the need for only a single sledder has fair results: Brazil and Jamaica won medals at last season's World Cup and a Cambodian recorded in the top ten.

In addition, all monobob sleds will come from the same producer, which partly weakens the technological advantages that wealthy nations have long enjoyed. In all the years of bobsled at the Games, only Germany, Switzerland, the United States, Canada and Italy have won more than one gold medal. 

English is the most widely spoken language in the world. And of the roughly 1. 5 billion speakers globally, the vast majority speak it as a second language. So where are the world's best non-native English speakers? According to a new report by EF Education First, an international education company, Northern Europeans are the most fluent. Middle Easterners are the least proficient (精通的).

The index (指数) is based on the results of a free online test taken by 2. 3 million volunteers in 100 countries. Nearly six in ten of this year's test-takers were female. Women have always performed better than men, but this year men closed the gap somewhat.

In Europe, the powerhouse economies perform surprisingly badly: only Germany makes the top place of "very high proficiency" countries. France is next, while Spain and Italy are continuously falling behind. A study by a Spanish research institute reported the bad news: 60% of adults say they speak no English at all. The fact that Spanish is a global language in its own right (the language declares 400 million native speakers) is probably the cause. If you speak Danish, you need another language to take part in global culture; speaking French or Spanish (or Arabic) means hundreds of millions of people to talk to without English.

Asia is the region of greatest diversity (多样性). Only Singapore makes the top level, but the Philippines, Malaysia, and India are not far behind. China is further back but still in the second level, a few places ahead of Japan. Struggling in the bottom places are a group of South-East and Central Asian countries like Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan. This relates with another factor: the company repeatedly finds that English skills are highly related with connections and openness to the rest of the world. 

Try something new at home and abroad

Readings are included on all our tours, PLUS a giftbook for NYRB readers. 

Online or on the road, be part of an enjoyable community that gathers to read, watch, listen to and discuss incredible literature, art, music and film. Study works that move, unsettle and inspire. Communicate with questions and ideas that matter. 

New participants take 25% off any online seminar. Choose from a variety of topics, schedules and prices. Just use the code NY Review at checkout. 

TOURS IN 2022

Slant of Light: Dutch and Flemish Old Masters in the Netherlands and Belgium, September 2022

Shifting Boundaries: Literature of Morocco, October 2022

Celebrating Life, Death and Rebirth in Mexico, October 2022

TOURS IN 2023

Friend of All That Lives: Ganges River Cruise, January 2023

Renaissance Venice, March 2023

Thinking Space, Drinking Space: Paris Café Culture, May 2023

Tracing Homer's Footsteps in Greece, May 2023

Into the Wild: Gros Morne, Newfoundland, June 2023

Quiet Revolutions: Literature of Quebec, September 2023

Literary Iceland: From Ancient Epic to Modern Novel, September 2023

Sign up for our e-newsletter and learn more about our online seminars and upcoming trips at: WWW. CLASSICALPURSUITS. COM. 

As The Jungle Book song Bear Necessities goes, "forget about your worries and your conflict" can be a little bit difficult when you find yourself face to face with a real bear.

Bears are common in the Northern Hemisphere. As human habitats stretch toward the wilderness, more and more animals cross their paths with those of humans. This can lead to dangerous encounters especially when precautions are not in place. In these situations, keeping your distance is still the best advice.

According to the National Park Service, one should also remain calm as bears, more often than not, are not really willing to attack you. Once in a standoff (对峙), avoid making sudden moves or loud noises as these can trigger aggression. 7-year-old Huxley did exactly what he was told when he encountered a massive bear.

It was a Sunny morning. Huxley was wandering on his way home when a big hulking (笨重的) figure emerges from behind him. A hurried glance backward, he knew it was a black bear. The bear approached cautiously at first, probably sizing up the figure in front of him. A second later, perhaps judging that Huxley was no match for it, the bear burst into a full sprint (冲刺) and ran its way toward the boy.

At first, Huxley was really frightened. However, he knew it was impossible to run or fight with the big beast. In the moment of crisis, he remembered his mother reminds him regularly about these possible encounters. She tells him that if Huxley finds himself face to face with a bear and there are no adults around, he should remain calm.

Huxley calmed down at thinking of this. He stared at the bear down without any movement. This might have been the reason why the young bear stopped dead in its tracks. They faced each other motionless, and there was only a foot distance between them.

注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

A collection of tombs dating from the Han Dynasty to the Six Dynasties period were discovered in Wulong District of Southwest China's Chongqing. The tomb dating back the Western Han Dynasty was the most important among them, and more than 600 precious (culture) relics such as lacquerware (漆器), wood ware, bamboo ware, pottery and bronze ware were unearthed from it. Due to (fill) with water, the tomb remained undisturbed and unharmed, and the funerary objects were well-preserved.

What is exciting about this (discover) is not just the large number of unearthed artifacts but also the list of burial items that indicate a precise record of burial, has been verified as 193 BC, (provide) clarity on the tomb's date. A piece of unearthed jade ware shows the important position of the tomb owner. The list of burial items found in the tomb is complete and (clear) records the name, quantity and size of the funerary objects.

The tomb  (contain) the largest quantity of lacquered wood and bamboo ware ever found at one time in the upper  (reach) of the Yangtze River. Based on publicly available information, it is also the earliest tomb of the Western Han Dynasty found in China with  clear recorded year.

I was on my way to go to a job interview when I was stopped by Officer Jenkins. When I 1 , both of the brake lights went out. Thinking that I was stopped for a(n) 2  traffic check, I reached for my driving license and registration. I was even ready for a(n) 3 .

As he 4 the car and saw I was pulling out my stuff, he 5 said, "Don't worry about pulling anything out. I just want you to be 6 that your brake lights are out." I was immediately 7 because I had just got them replaced last month. I explained to him how the garage mechanic wanted to 8 me $600 just to run a test on the wiring of the car.

He looked at me with a 9  and told me to pop the trunk. With a simple tap here and a tap there, Jenkins managed to get the brake lights 10  again.

I was moved by his 11 . He could have easily given me a ticket, but he stepped out of 12 role and into mechanic role to make sure I was straight. His action reminded me of the profound impact a 13 act of kindness can have. It's a call to recognize those who go the 14 mile, who do more than what's 15 of them.

Your guide to a no-spend challenge

A no-spend challenge isn't about total deprivation (剥夺) or freezing your bank account. . The most common form of the challenge is to purchase only necessities and restrain from buying wants and impulse desires.

Assessing and prioritising needs

Before delving (深入探究) into the no-spend challenge, take the time to assess and differentiate your essential needs from your wants. Identify recurring bills, necessary expenditures and essential items. Distinguish them from free spending on non-essential products and services. This initial step lays the foundation for a realistic and sustainable challenge. .

Creating a realistic budget

A successful no-spend challenge is rooted in the development of a well-crafted budget that reflects your financial reality. . Allocate specific amounts for variable expenses such as groceries and bills, enhancing accountability and providing a clear roadmap for responsible spending during the challenge.

Support system

. A firm support system that understands and respects your financial goals creates a positive environment, fostering motivation and solidarity. Share tips, experiences and celebrate milestones together, turning the challenge into a shared journey towards financial consciousness.

As your challenge concludes, take enough time to reflect on the entire experience. What insights did you gain into your spending habits and priorities? Identify positive changes you want to maintain and integrate them into your long-term financial strategy.

The no-spend challenge is not merely a temporary exercise; it serves as a catalyst for enduring financial wellness. Embrace the journey, learn from the experience and watch as your financial goals transform into realities.

A. Establishing long-term habits

B. Understanding the no-spend challenge

C. It ensures that crucial aspects of your life remain unaffected

D. Begin by outlining your income, fixed expenses and any upcoming financial goals

E. Share your commitment with friends and family, encouraging them to support your effort

F. The no-spend challenge serves as an opportune moment to cultivate mindful spending habits

G. It represents a conscious decision to redirect your financial focus and control your spending habits

Researchers have proposed a novel method for counting and tracking vehicles on public roads, a development that could improve current traffic systems and help travelers get to their destinations faster.

Using the cameras already installed on campus buses at the Ohio State University, researchers proved that they could automatically and accurately measure counts of vehicles on urban roadways, detect objects in the road and distinguish parked vehicles from those that are moving.

In previous studies, Ohio State researchers found that using these mobile cameras provides much better spatial and temporal (时间的) coverage than relying on often temporarily placed sensors that don't provide a view of many streets and roads in a city.

"If we collect and process more high-resolution (高清的) spatial information about what's happening on the roads, then planners could better understand changes in demand, effectively improving efficiency in the broader transportation system," said Keith Redmill, lead author of the study.

"If we can measure traffic in a way that is as good or better than what is conventionally done with fixed sensors, then we will have created something incredibly useful extremely cheaply," he said. "Our goal is to start building a system that could do this without much manual intervention because if you want to collect this information over lots of potential vehicles and lots of time, it's worth fully automating that process."

While still a long way from total implementation (实施), the study suggests the system's results bear promise for the future of intelligent traffic surveillance. Transportation planners, engineers and operators make vital decisions about the future of our roadways, so when designing transportation systems to work over the next 30 to 50 years, it's necessary that we give them data that allows them to improve the efficiency of the system and the level of service provided to travelers.