相关试卷

Exam Anxiety

Has this ever happened to you? You've been studying hard for your midterm, but when you walk into your exam, your mind goes blank, your heart races fast, you get sweaty palms and find it hard to breathe.

Everyone feels stressed during exams. Usually, it results from a fear of failure, lack of adequate preparation time and bad experiences taking tests in the past. This is normal and often helps you work harder, think faster and generally improve your performance. You may also feel that other people are managing the exam better than you. This can cause you to feel that your mind has "gone blank" on information you know you have revised.

Some choose to ignore the problem, while others don't review because they think they will do badly anyway and even miss exams due to the anxiety. It can also be really easy to think that if you don't try and then you fail, you won't feel as bad as if you fail after trying really hard.

So what can you do to fight against the negative mindset and stay calm before and during your test? Yes, this seems obvious, but it's worth repeating. If you feel confident that you've prepared thoroughly, you'll feel more confident walking into the test. The second tip is simple: just start. The blank page can maximize your anxiety. You can always go back and change things later if needed, but a few quick answers can get the ball rolling. Besides, allocating(分配) your time is equally important. Look through the whole test before getting started. Mentally allocate how much time you'll spend on each section. If there's time to recheck, even better.

A. The first thing you should do is to be prepared.

B. People often deal with exam stress in many unhelpful ways.

C. If these classic signs of exam anxiety sound familiar, you're not alone!

D. Therefore, people need an appropriate amount of pressure to help deal with exams.

E. Realizing time is almost up and that there's still a lot of blank space will make you desperate.

F. However, if you are overly anxious about the result, you may be unable to focus on your work.

G. After you get the paper, dive right in by getting some questions done to build up your confidence.

Science is finally beginning to embrace animals who were, for a long time, considered second-class citizens.

As Annie Potts of Canterbury University has noted, chickens distinguish among one hundred chicken faces and recognize familiar individuals even after months of separation. When given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one. Healthy hens may aid friends, and mourn when those friends die.

Pigs respond meaningfully to human symbols. When a research team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O's. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format, a not-inconsiderable feat of reasoning.

I've been guilty of prejudiced expectations, myself. At the start of my career almost four decades ago, I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals. They're other primates (灵长目动物), after all, animals from our own mammalian (哺乳动物的) class. Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-term studies in the wild on these mammals helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedures in laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.

Over time, though, as I began to broaden out even further and explore the inner lives of fish, chickens, pigs, goats, and cows, I started to wonder: Will the new science of "food animals" bring an ethical(伦理的) revolution in terms of who we eat? In other words, will our ethics start to catch up with the development of our science? 

Animal activists are already there, of course, committed to not eating these animals. But what about the rest of us? Can paying attention to the thinking and feeling of these animals lead us to make changes in who we eat? 

Norman Garmezy, a developmental psychologist at the University of Minnesota, met thousands of children in his four decades of research. A nine-year-old boy in particular stuck with him. He has an alcoholic mother and an absent father. But each day he would walk in to school with a smile on his face. He wanted to make sure that "no one would feel pity for him and no one would know his mother's incompetence." The boy exhibited a quality Garmezy identified as "resilience."

Resilience presents a challenge for psychologists. People who are lucky enough to never experience any sort of adversity(逆境) won't know how resilient they are. It's only when they're faced with obstacles, stress, and other environmental threats that resilience, or the lack of it, comes out. Some give in and some conquer.

Garmezy's work opened the door to the study of the elements that could enable an individual's success despite the challenges they faced. His research indicated that some elements had to do with luck, but quite large set of elements was psychological, and had to do with how the children responded to the environment. The resilient children had what psychologists call an "internal locus of control (内控点)." They believed that they, and not their circumstances, affected their achievements. The resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates.

George Bonanno has been studying resilience for years at Columbia University's Teachers College. He found that some people are far better than others at dealing with adversity. This difference might come from perception(认知) whether they think of an event as traumatic(创伤), or as an opportunity to learn and grow. "Stressful" or "traumatic" events themselves don't have much predictive power when it comes to life outcomes. "Exposure to potentially traumatic events does not predict later functioning," Bonanno said. "It's only predictive if there's a negative response." In other words, living through adversity doesn't guarantee that you'll suffer going forward.

The good news is that positive perception can be taught. "We can make ourselves more or less easily hurt by how we think about things," Bonanno said. In research at Columbia, the neuroscientist Kevin Ochsner has shown that teaching people to think of adversity in different ways—to reframe it in positive terms when the initial response is negative, or in a less emotional way when the initial response is emotionally "hot"—changes how they experience and react to the adversity.

Most kids love breaks, but for Hannah Kristan, a break was her least favorite part of the school day. "I never got to do anything except sit there," she recalls.

Hannah was born with a disease that kept the bones in her back from forming properly. She uses a wheelchair. Sadly, for kids like her, most playground equipment is off limits. In fact, Hannah is one of 5 million kids in the United States who cannot use traditional playground equipment because of some type of disability.

Then Hannah heard about Boundless Playgrounds—playgrounds without limits for children with disabilities. The wonderful group behind Boundless Playgrounds helps communities create special playgrounds for children of all abilities. There are swings and sandboxes specially designed for kids with physical disabilities. Kids with vision problems can enjoy the movement of swings and also use musical activities such as chime walls. Since her hometown in Connecticut had nothing like it, Hannah helped raise money for this new kind of playground.

The inspiration for Boundless Playgrounds was a playground created by Amy Jaffe Barzach. It is named Jonathan's Dream in honor of her son. Jonathan's Dream and many Boundless Playgrounds around the country have a glider swing that can be used by kids who use wheelchairs and their friends. The glider swing at Jonathan's Dream was designed by Matthew Cavedon, who wasn't even 10 years old at the time. Matthew was motivated because he used a wheelchair himself and wanted to be able to have fun at playgrounds with other kids, regardless of their physical abilities or disabilities.

The basic idea behind Boundless Playground is that play is both part of the joy of childhood and an important way for children to learn about the world. Kids who are kept away from playgrounds are denied this enjoyment as well as the learning. Far from being a place of happy excitement, traditional playgrounds are often places of separation and loneliness for those who can't join in the fun.

Contrary to some strict ideas about what a playground for children with special needs should be like, a Boundless Playground is every bit as colorful and challenging as a traditional playground. That's why it is inviting and fun for all children. And for Hanna, Matthew, and other kids like them, a playground like this is also a dream that comes true.

Dear Sir,

There is a plan to build a new supermarket on the edge of the Whitefields housing estate（住宅区）, on the land where the local library now is. I live at Whitefields, and I would like to express my concern about this plan. It is not that I am completely against the idea of building a supermarket—I just think that as a community（社区） we need to weigh up the advantages and disadvantages before committing ourselves.

It is clear that the library is under-used and in poor condition. It is also clear that there are very few shops near here and a supermarket would be a good thing to have. But the people who want to build the supermarket seem to think that no one wants the library any more, and that it isn't a must because of the Internet and so on. Is this necessarily true, especially for elderly people? What about young people who don't have the Internet at home and need to go to the library to do their homework? Where can they study if they have to share a room with a younger brother or sister?

On the other hand, there is an argument that a new supermarket would not only bring more choice of shopping and more convenience for local people, but it would also bring some much-needed jobs for younger people in the town—and this is a good point. What we need to do is consider the effect a supermarket will have on our quality of life. Certainly local people, including me, will find shopping a lot easier and more convenient. But there will also be extra traffic. In a few years from now, the roads in and around will be full of cars in the daytime and delivery lorries at night, and not only that—we will have got used to it, too. Are more jobs and more convenience worth such an influence on our daily lives? Perhaps, but this is what we have to ask ourselves.

I believe that all the people of Whitefields, and the authority, need to discuss this question in an open-minded way—and I hope that by the time a decision is taken, we will have had a full and fair discussion of the issues involved, and that the local authority will have really listened to everyone's view. Is that too much to ask?

Yours faithfully,

Tom Watkins    

"Sisters Who Make Waves"(be) among the summer's television hits in 2020 in China. The show involved 30 female celebrities over the age of 30 (compete) for a spot in a five-member band. Viewers watched them train, perform and live together. Five hundred (woman), picked at random, got to vote for their favourite. Within three days of its airing in June, over 300 million watched the first episode on Mango TV, a streaming app (own) by the state television net work of Hunan, a central province.

An email invitation is an electronic means of sending an invite to a person or a group of people  (come) to a particular event. It is the technological version of sending an invitation  mail. Most people turn to this method because of various reasons. One of them is cost-effectiveness. Unlike the  (tradition) invitation, you have to spend a considerable amount of money to print invitations plus an additional cost to send them. By using formal email in PDF, all you need is a digital graphic print, typewritten words, and internet to send to everyone.

Levi Strauss was the first man to begin producing special, strong trousers for working people. He made these trousers from a fabric called "denim"—a tough fabric probably came from a town named Nimes in France. Many people now think the English word "denim"conies from the (France) words "de Nimes", which means "from Nimes". Later, Strauss added special metal buttons to the trousers to make them even (strong) and they immediately became very popular.

Chad Turns delivers for UPS in the small town of Dauphin, and is beloved by his customers. As seen in a video posted to Facebook, when Turns drove into a parking lot for what he thought was a 1 up on Tuesday, he was greeted instead by a dozen residents clapping and yelling, "2 , Chad!" Turns was so overcome with emotion thwat he pulled out his handkerchief to wipe his 3 .

"Turns is well-known for his thoughtfulness and 4 ," resident Jenny Shickley said, adding that he often leaves treats for their dogs when delivering packages. She organized the special event after people commented in a group Facebook post about what a(an) 5 job Turns was doing.

She raised $1,000 for Turns in two weeks in the small town. The group gave him the generous gift with a large card signed by members of the 6 . Jenny said Turns had taken care of them for a year and they wanted to take care of him.

"It is 7 that this community feels so strongly about me," Turns told the reporter. He said all UPS drivers deserve to be thanked in this way. He also added that he will pay it 8 by continuing to provide the good service that he is known for.

"Chad is a great UPSer," UPS spokesperson Jackie Fajt said in a statement. "Celebrations like this really highlight the 9 our drivers have with their customer base. We appreciate that UPS drivers like Chad are being 10 for how they are moving our world forward."

The polar bear is  symbol of the Arctic ecosystem, roaming the  (ice) waters and shores of the Northern Hemisphere. These powerful creatures are native to the Arctic Circle and  (find) as far south as Newfoundland so far. , (fortunate) they are facing significant threats due to climate change and habitat destruction. As temperatures rise, the sea ice they rely on for hunting and breeding is melting,  forces them to spend more time on land. This increase in land usage puts them at risk of  (conflict) with humans. Their decline signals the urgent need  global action on climate change.  (protect) these magnificent creatures, governments, conservationists,  researchers are working together. By working collaboratively, we can ensure that polar bears continue to roam the icy landscapes of the Arctic and remind us of the  (important) of preserving the balance of our planet's ecosystems.

 A family had had a cat for years. Then one day, the children finally 1  to persuade their parents to get them a dog as well. So a little Labrador (拉布拉多犬) 2 .

The dog was so 3  that everyone wanted to hold him and he charmed everyone by just loving them. The cat made it very clear that she did not welcome another 4  in the house, but the little dog 5  her everywhere, trying to make friends with the angry cat.

The family thought the cat would 6 like the dog.

Then one day the family heard horrible 7  from their back yard. They ran to the 8  to see what was happening. They lived in the suburbs and so they saw a real lynx (猞猁) was just planning on 9  their cat for lunch. The poor cat had nowhere to run or hide. It would only be a matter of seconds and their cat would be 10 .

And then suddenly a black lightning ran to the cat. The little dog 11  the big lynx with all its strength. He was not frightened, nor did he stop to think. He saw his 12  in trouble and did what had to be done. The family opened the window and started yelling and the father ran to the yard. The lynx soon disappeared into the 13 .

And ever since that day the cat's behaviour towards the dog 14 totally. Now it was the cat that followed the hero dog everywhere.

So we can draw a conclusion: if ever anyone is 15 towards you, don't turn your back on them. They may not rescue your life — but their kindness can certainly rescue your day!

阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

The Importance of Protecting Natural Heritage

Current situation of natural heritage

The natural heritage of our planet is invaluable and irreplaceable. It represents the rich diversity of ecosystems, species, and landscapes that make our world unique.  So what are the importance of protecting natural heritage and the steps we can take to ensure its survival.

Value of natural heritage

Natural heritage sites are not only beautiful and inspiring, but they also provide essential ecosystem services. They regulate climate, filter water, and support unique biodiversity (生物多样性).  By setting up natural heritage, we safeguard not only the environment but also our cultural and spiritual well-being.

Human activities such as deforestation, pollution, over-exploitation, and climate change are posing significant threats to natural heritage sites. These activities damage the delicate balance of ecosystems, leading to the loss of biodiversity and threatening the survival of endangered species. Furthermore, the destruction of natural heritage sites disrupts the cultural traditions and spiritual beliefs of local communities.

Protection for natural heritage

To protect natural heritage, governments, organizations, and individuals must work together. Effective conservation strategies include establishing protected areas, promoting sustainable tourism, and implementing environmental policies.   After all, Public appreciation leads to daily protection of natural heritage.

Benefit of natural heritage conservation

  This is particularly significant as many of these species have yet to be discovered, and their potential contributions to medicine, technology, and overall ecological balance may be immense. By taking action to protect our natural heritage today, we ensure a healthier planet and a brighter future for generations to come

A. Threats to natural heritage.

B. Effects of natural heritage. 

C. Protecting natural heritage promotes biodiversity.

D. These sites also hold cultural and historical significance.

E. The conservation of natural areas can provide economic benefits

F. Unfortunately, human activities and environmental pressures are threatening it.

G. Education and public awareness are also crucial in fostering a sense of responsibility.

The natural wonders of our planet are endless, from the Amazon rainforest to the Great Barrier Reef. However, these iconic ecosystems are under threat due to human activities and climate change. To safeguard these treasures, governments and organizations worldwide are implementing conservation strategies.

One such strategy is the creation of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), which serve as safe zones for marine life. MPAs help preserve the health of oceans and coastlines, ensuring the survival of countless species. According to the United Nations, over 15,000 MPAs have been established worldwide, covering approximately 2.7% of the world's oceans.

Another important aspect of conservation is the restoration of damaged ecosystems. Coral reefs, which are among the most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth, are severely threatened by climate change and pollution. Reef restoration projects, such as the one led by the non-profit organization Reef Recovery in the Philippines, are working to replant damaged corals and restore underwater habitats.

Education and public awareness also play a significant role in conservation efforts. Environmental organizations like World Wildlife Fund and Greenpeace are leading campaigns to raise awareness about the importance of individuals' preserving our natural heritage. Social media has also played a significant role in highlighting the urgency of conservation, reaching a wide audience and inspiring action.

The fight to protect our planet's natural wonders is ongoing and it requires the collective effort of governments, organizations, and individuals alike. By working together and adopting sustainable practices, we can ensure that future generations inherit a world full of breathtaking natural wonders.

The natural heritage of our planet is under threat like never before. Human activities, climate change, and habitat destruction have caused the loss of countless species and ecosystems. To protect what remains, conservation efforts are being stepped up around the world.

One such effort is the establishment of nature reserves, which provide safe havens for endangered species and help restore damaged ecosystems. In China, the establishment of nature reserves has been a priority. According to the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, there are now more than 900 nature reserves covering over 150 million hectares, protecting over 85% of China's endangered species.

Another critical (关键的) aspect of conservation is the recovery of endangered species. The Chinese alligator (扬子鳄), once on the brink of extinction, is now making a comeback thanks to conservation efforts. The species has been reintroduced into the wild, and its population has been growing steadily. Similar success stories can be found in China's nature reserves, where efforts to save the Siberian tiger, giant panda, and other endangered species are paying off.

However, conservationists warn that these successes are fragile, and continued efforts are essential to ensure the survival of these species and their habitats. Education and public awareness are also crucial in the fight against habitat destruction and illegal hunting. Only by working together can we ensure that future generations inherit a healthy and diverse natural heritage.