相关试卷

Whether we are sitting down or standing up, still or moving, body posture influences our mood. Several studies have shown this link between physical posture and mood. Others have shown a relationship between our mood and our cognitive (认知的) performance, including memory, reasoning, learning, and the speed of reaction and processing of information. 

So a logical question arises. Can body posture influence our cognitive performance?

Previously, a New Zealand team (University of Auckland) carried out an experiment on posture when we walk, especially in the street. The team had found a very clear influence of our posture on our mood and confidence. It appears that walking with a hunched back, bowed head and motionless arms have a negative influence on our mental state. 

Indeed, the researchers found that the simple act of straightening up, standing up straight, with your head held high, and gazing forward gives us a serious boost of confidence. Not only does our spontaneous posture have a psychological effect, but by correcting it, it is possible to bring about improvement in the long term. 

In this other study, this time carried out by an Austrian team (Friedrich Alexander University in Erlangen-Nuremberg), researchers observed the same phenomenon, this time in a sitting position. Young adults were invited to participate in tests presented as intended to assess their ability to concentrate. In fact, the researchers had them sit in different postures — from upright to very slumped (消沉) — in order to note their influences on mood and cognition. 

A first observation indicates that "sitting upright" is associated with a better overall mood. It is also found to have a positive influence on the speed of processing information and completing tasks, although the test pass rate does not vary significantly with posture.

Finally, and surprisingly enough, blood pressure is a little more favorable in an upright position. To further complete the list of benefits of sitting upright, we will add that it is widely recommended for protecting the back in case of work that requires sitting for a long time. 

Do you crave chips, pizza, donuts, or cake? These kinds of foods are high in sugar and fats, which make them delicious but not nutritious. A recent analysis suggests that certain ingredients in these types of processed foods can be addictive. 

According to the research published in the journal Addiction, certain foods can trigger the same feelings as drugs. It all comes down to what's happening in the brain. When we feel happy, it's due to a flood of the feel-good chemical dopamine(多巴胺) in the striatum. This region is part of the brain's reward circuit. The striatum gets a dopamine rush when something good happens. Drugs and alcohol can cause a similar high. So, it turns out, can some popular snack foods.

"We're designed to find carbohydrates(碳水化合物) and fats, " says Ashley Gearhardt, a psychologist at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. Evolving such tastes helped our ancestors "overcome famine and make sure we survive, " she explains. That critical role shaped the brain's reward system, making us hard-wired to enjoy carbohydrates and fatty foods.

The problem isn't with all foods containing carbohydrates and fats. Fruit is full of sugar. Oats and other whole grains have lots of carbohydrates. Nuts and meat have fat. But such unprocessed foods—eaten in a form that's similar to how they grew—also contain other nutrients, such as fiber, that slow digestion. That limits how quickly our bodies can absorb the nutrients.

Cookies, candy, soda, fries and other highly processed foods lack those additional nutrients. Such foods contain ingredients that have been highly changed from their natural state. They're chock full of easy-to-absorb carbohydrates and added fats. What's more, they often contain ingredients that don't naturally occur together. When we eat these foods, we get a quick "hit" of carbs and fats that give the brain a boost. That makes us want to eat them again and again.

During my first year in college, I was silent. I was too afraid of saying something wrong. 

I declared a religion major as a sophomore and took a class from Barbara, a young theologian. My mind was split open by a range of new thinkers and writers and by the quality of Barbara's questions, I finally had something to say and the energy to say it. I was a frequent visitor during Barbara's office hours, a rocket of words. She listened and calmly responded, a perfect contrast to my feverish ramblings. I loved what she saw in me, which was a range of abilities I had never seen in myself. In the following years, our relationship gradually deepened, but I was always conscious of a teacher-student dynamic.

This changed fundamentally when I became a parent. I had my son in March 2010, and Barbara was one of the first to congratulate me. When, nine months later, my child was diagnosed with Tay-Sachs disease, a rare and always terminal illness with no treatment and no cure, she sent me a letter-handwritten on a white legal pad. For the next two and a half years, Barbara wrote me regular, sometimes weekly, letters, remarkable letters that are revealing, loving, and kind. 

The letter written right before my son died, when he was three, was the most personal and perhaps the most profound. "I think he's made you better by opening up the great fire of your love, " she wrote, "with his small but magnificent existence. " I have never in my life read a more deeply comforting sentence, one that spoke to my grandest hopes, my deepest fears, and the only faith that remains to me, which is a belief in chaos. Our love had bloomed and deepened from a guarded mutual respect to a richer, deeper friendship.

Mentors are meant to lead those in their charge into fresh understanding, help them sort and filter new experiences, assist in the project of making sense out of the chaos that is human life. Mentors observe and accompany the darkest despair, the wildest sorrow, and the most unexpected joy. 

Getting to know your money personality can help you rein in your spending habits and take back control of your personal finances. Here finance saving money expert Pete Ridley at CarFinanceSaver reveals the UKs core money personalities, along with actions to adopt that reduce the negative consequences of each personality type. 

The Spontaneous Spender

A spontaneous spender refers to a person that exhibits a "spend now, think later" attitude. They can find it tricky to differentiate between "need to haves" and "nice to haves", and often feel "spender's guilt".

"Before you make a purchase, take time to decide whether the item is a ‘need to have' or a ‘nice to have'. This will aid in avoiding splurges (挥霍) that provide short term satisfaction and post-spenders' guilt. " says Ridley.

The Determined Saver

An underlying sense of worry and fear can be at the root of a persistent saver, and their determination to save disguises an overwhelming fear of money. 

"Saving is great, " says Ridley, "but it's important to regard money as a friend and not an enemy. Always be sure to make non-essential purchases. These items don't have to be a major expense, but just enough that you acknowledge that money can be there to be enjoyed and not just put away. "

The Money=Status

This personality type can live beyond their means by making purchases that they don't need, striving to keep up with others and saying yes to friendship plans that they cannot afford, to keep up the appearance of financial wellbeing.

"It's here that you can adopt the 50/20/30 rule: 50 percent essential living expenses, 30 percent disposable income and 20 percent saving and paying debts, " suggests Ridley.

This will maintain financial wellbeing while helping to acknowledge that money doesn't necessarily equal status or even impress those around you.

As he lay awake that night, Tony could hear his parents discussing his sister Alice's birthday. It was just two days away. Birthdays were always a lot of fun, even though there was no money for store-bought gifts. Nearly all of toys he and his sister had were homemade. There was nothing wrong with that, he knew. Like many families in this part, they were poor.

This birthday would be different, though. Alice was older now, and he'd seen how her eyes lit up when she saw the new doll at Honey House, a neighborhood store just down the road from their house.

How he longed for her to have it! An idea finally came to him just before he went to bed. After a quick breakfast the following morning, he tied a bag to the handlebars of his bike and headed toward a village hill. 

After a long journey, he reached his destination, the mango forest. There were already two other boys there. Tony grabbed his bag and set to work immediately. 

The sun was high overhead. The weather was hot and nearly all of the taller trees held ripe mangoes but they were well beyond reach. Tony struggled to climb the trees to pick mangoes, though he fell off many times. 

His efforts were sometimes rewarded when a mango dropped into the bag. After a while his neck ached from looking upward, and his arms grew sore. He kept at it, though, and by late afternoon his bag was nearly full. 

注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右。
2. 续写部分分两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。

Paragraph 1：

Tony rushed back to Honey House, out of breath, only to find the owner of the store was going to close the door.

Paragraph 2：

The following morning, Alice walked into the kitchen and took a seat at the breakfast table.

In Lanzhou, Gansu province, the day begins a hot bowl of beef noodles. 

According to a recent archaeological (discover) in Qinghai Province where a 50-centimeter-long noodle was unearthed, the noodles have a history of about 4,000 years. 

Recently the first recipe (菜谱) for Lanzhou beef noodles was discovered in unusual form of a poem (古诗) by the late 18th century scholar Chen Weijing. Few (write) recipes survive from the Qing Dynasty, because cook (consider) a lower-end profession (职业) then, which hardly attracted educated people. The poem listed two ingredients per line, although without further (instruction) such as the amount of each ingredient or the cooking time. 

The second person (improve) Lanzhou beef noodles was a cook named Ma Zilu, lived in the early twentieth century. By that time, hundreds of beef noodle restaurants had opened in Lanzhou, and the taste in each location differed (significant). After achieving a form of unity among the different restaurants in Lanzhou, Ma later opened a small food cart and traveled around China,  (introduce) the dish all the way to the southeast port city of Guangzhou. 

When I was a boy, my parents owned a small grocery store. As I 1 those days, many people come to mind. One such person was Nick. 

I still remember the first time I saw him—or perhaps "experienced" him is a more 2 term. The moment he entered the store I could feel a rush of 3 fill the place. Singing at the top of his lungs, Nick made quite a(n) 4 .

Nick had great enthusiasm for life. I really admired him for his ability to be completely himself and at 5 with everyone he met and in every situation. For me his 6 wasn't really what he did or how he did it, but rather that he was absolutely comfortable simply being himself — a true free spirit. The memory of Nick 7 me of the encouraging phrase, "Dance like no one is 8 . "

Countless times I've resisted expressing myself simply because I didn't want to 9 looking silly or foolish. I often 10 my true self behind a wall of insecurity, but respect those who 11 this inhibition (压抑). No 12 this is why I remember Nick so fondly, for he was who he was, and didn't for a second 13 any of it back. Whether you loved him or hated him, Nick most certainly danced to his own 14 and never apologized for it.

Perhaps someday I, too, will have the courage and confidence to 15 the steps to that dance. 

Change Your Routines(日常生活)

It can be difficult to move forward in a new direction if you just keep following the same routines day in and day out. People tend to(倾向于) be creatures of habits, and sometimes that feeling of being stuck in a rut (墨守陈规) can result from a sense of boredom(无聊).  Here are some things you can try:

This can be a great way to enrich(使丰富)your social connections and learn interesting things about the people who are around you. So you can choose a person around you and then talk with him. 

Have some fun.  For example, you can hang out with friends or take up a hobby that you are always interested in. Set aside some time during the week, during which you can spend your energy in having a good time. 

Try something new. Whether it is taking a new way to work, watching a new show, or signing up for some kind of class,  This can help add the beautiful scenery to your life and may give you a totally new life. 

Be spontaneous (自发的). If you are bored with some part of your life, start trying to live in the moment. Say yes to the experiences that are without any plans and do not be afraid to do the unexpected things. 

A. Start a conversation. 

B. accept what you are feeling. 

C. Try to head outdoors for a walk. 

D. Do things that are not carefully pre-planned. 

E. Spend some time on an activity you truly love. 

F. explore the world around you in new and different ways. 

G. So look for ways you can add some different experiences to each day. 

Whales are important animals in the sea. The organizations of the world are calling all nations not to kill or eat whales any more. But Japan's new whaling(捕鲸) plan is a great danger to the living of these large animals. It will also do harm to the sea interests (利益) of other surrounding countries including China, experts said.

After the Japanese government made its decision clear on Nov. 8, 2016 to catch 100 more whales in 2017, many animal experts in the world voiced their angry answers. According to a Japan News report, Japan caught 174 minke whales and 140 sei whales totally in the northwest Pacific Ocean in 2017. 

"After years of overfishing(过度捕捞),the population of minke whales in the northwest Pacific Ocean has been reduced to a dangerous level. Therefore, Japan should stop whaling in the area," said Wang Yaming, a leader of the International Whaling Organization. According to Wang, most whales living in the northwest Pacific Ocean are migratory(迁徙的)animals，and their traveling way is very close to the land of Russia, South Korea, North Korea, Japan and China. Japan's whaling will also have a terrible influence on those countries.

Although the world has stopped to catch and kill whales, Japan lies to others that its killing of whales is just for scientific purposes. However, many experts don't agree with it completely. "Japan should not kill more whales, as doing so would harm the international whale resources(资源). Japan's whaling in the northwest Pacific Ocean hasn't drawn much more attention because it hardly influences the interests of western countries. " Wang explained.

It is really high time for Japan to stop its whaling from now on. 

Years ago, as a business reporter, I interviewed an advertising manager. I was there to ask about the latest campaign. But when I sat down, he wanted to talk about writing novels. 

He spent hours meeting with clients(客户), but he dreamed of being a novelist instead. I remember thinking: Sure, everybody dreams to be a novelist. Who doesn't?

A decade later, however, I was surprised to see the same person on TV, holding up his new book. James Patterson had developed into a best-selling author. He has since published more than 100 New York Times best sellers. 

"I never thought of myself as an advertising person," he told me when I asked how he'd done it. "I always planned to be a writer. " Mr. Patterson's ability to sec himself as a writer shows a term(术语) "possible selves. " It describes how people envision their futures: what they may become, or want to become, etc.

The term, created in 1986 by the social psychologists Hazel Markus and Paula Nurius,grew out of research on self-concept and self-perception(自我知觉). While self-concepts, like "I am a kind person" or "I am a good parent", are based on the present, the researchers found that people are also influenced by possible selves - what they might become in the future and how they might change.

These possible selves,both positive and negative,are closely related to motivation (动机). In a small study, when young adults were made to envision themselves as either regular exercisers (hoped-for selves) or inactive (feared selves),both groups exercised more in the weeks afterward. But researchers have found that imagining positive possible selves can improve health and reduce depression by holding out the hope for a better future. 

A possible self can help you realize daydreams, which seem to be unrealistic, "if you build a bridge from your ‘now' self to the possible self," Dr. Markus said. But how do we build that bridge?

While most TV stations try to attract viewers by producing reality shows, Henan TV has become famous by promoting (推广) traditional culture through Chinese dance. Henan TV produced seven dance pieces introducing traditional culture for traditional festivals, such as "Rhapsody on the Luo River Goddess (《洛神水赋》)", a two-minute underwater dance for the Dragon Boat Festival. "Guardian Warriors of Longmen (《龙门金刚 》)", a dance piece supported by AR technology against the backdrop of the Longmen Grottoes(石窟).

"These pieces have gotten nearly 30 billion hits," said Yao Wei, director of the TV station. "It's a huge success for Henan TV. "

On Nov 1, 2021, Yao was invited to talk about how the TV station had produced the hit dance pieces at a three-day forum (论坛) centering on the research of Chinese dance. 

The pieces were popular with audiences, most of whom are members of Gen Z, (people born between 1995 and 2009), Yao said. 

"It's been over forty years since the country's reform(改革) and opening-up and the younger generations have grown up with open minds. They love Chinese culture and are proud of it," said Yao. "What we need to do is present Chinese culture and tradition in interesting ways for those young people. "

Yao added that Henan TV has been producing shows promoting traditional culture, such as traditional operas and kung Fu, for nearly 30 years. 

"To allure younger audiences, we are also changing our shows. One of the keys is to produce them with creativity," Yao said. "For example, the latest technology and special stage settings, like underwater scenes, have become our new ways of telling stories about traditional Chinese culture. "

Another key to successfully reaching younger audiences is using social media to promote their shows. 

"Social media is being shaped and driven by young people. It's a powerful form of communication. When they watch short videos, they easily become interested in an eye-catching video," Yao said.

My sister recently started a blog, and I wanted to gift her a book on writing — "Elements of Style". There are many websites that sell books online in India, and I will list down the information about this book. My friend told me that Amazon. com sells this book for $7. 00,which is Rs. 350(350 卢比). Let's see if I will get something close to that price or not.

⒈Rediff Books. The first site I discovered was Rediff Books. I was able to find this book easily on this site, and there were three different choices of these. The top result was the hardcover(精装本),which was priced at Rs. 2,831. They have the paperback edition(平装本) as well, which was priced at very reasonable Rs. 191; only one problem— they would take 45 business days to ship!

⒉NBC India. Next, I went to the site of NBC India, and found the book there too. They had a list price on the paperback edition of Rs. 366, and the picture of the book was exactly like the one I have. The price and picture pleased me quite a bit, but the results page did not show me the shipping days. 

⒊Flip Kart. I have heard of Flip Kart before, but never actually used it. They had this book listed at Rs. 175, and they said it would be shipped in 4-6 business days. This was a paperback edition that was printed in 2006, and it looked quite promising. 

⒋Amazon. com. Amazon. com can ship books to India. They charge another $3. 00 for shipping one. They said that it can take anywhere from18 to 31 business days. 

After going through the information, I felt that Flip Kart is the best one, and I went ahead and ordered the book. I hope it reaches within the stated time, and is in good condition. 

写作要求:1)文中须包含上图提示的所有信息,可以适当发挥;2)文中不得出现学生的真实姓名和学校名称;3)词数80左右，标题和开头已给出,不计入总词数。

参考词汇:恰当地appropriately 

How to deal with pressure

Pressure is a serious problem for some certain students. 

Last summer, my family and I went to England and we spent two weeks in Cornwall. It  (take) us five hours to get there by car. We did a lot of different(activity) there. We went for long walks ,played games, went shopping and swam in the lake. 

I played  (happy) at first, but then something terrible happened (发生). One morning I went to the forest near the hotel by  (I). I walked and watched the birds  (sing) in the trees and took some photos. When I got hungry, I wanted to go back to the hotel for food. I couldn't find the way back. I tried  (difference) ways. However,at last I was still in same place. 

"Oh, God! should I do? I'm so afraid!"I thought. Later it started lo rain. I didn't have an umbrella so I was wet and cold.

I had to stay under a tree and waited my parents. After a few hours they found me. It was dark and I was cold, hungry and scared. I will never go to the forest again. 

How to Make Friends with Neighbors

All of us have neighbors. Most of us want to be friends with our neighbors. But do you know how to make friends with neighbors? Here are some suggestions. 

Try to know your neighbors. If you move into a new place and nobody comes to greet you, you can introduce yourself to your neighbors. Go up to your neighbors' houses and say hello.  Treat them to cookies, bread, candies or some other snacks. 

Wish them happy holidays. Take some cakes or candies to your neighbors and wish them a happy New Year. Take them to your neighbors and wish them a happy Mid-Autumn Festival. 

Invite your neighbors to dinner or a barbecue. You can get to know them over a delicious meal. Ask them not to bring anything. You can also invite your neighbors to your house if you're watching a sports game that you think they might be interested in. 

Don't stop your children from playing with your neighbors' children because of religion, race or other unimportant things. They will probably grow up together. So, just let them be friends. 

A. Let your children play together. 

B. You can also make some mooncakes. 

C. If they bring something, accept it politely. 

D. You can invite your neighbors to your home. 

Nowadays, the doctor has been asking people to take in less salt. New electric chopsticks in Japan may make it possible to make food taste saltier than it really is. 

Miyashita, a professor at Meiji University, worked with Kirin Holdings Company to develop the special chopsticks. 

The chopsticks come with a small computer. When you wear the computer on your arm, it can produce a weak electric current (电流) to free up the sodium ions (钠离子) in your food. As a result, you get a salty taste without the use of salt. 

The purpose to create the chopsticks is to stop the Japanese from taking in too much salt. The traditional Japanese food includes a lot of salt. A Japanese adult eats about 10g of salt every day. The daily amount of salt, however, should be kept at around 5g. High salt intake can cause many illnesses, including high blood pressure and strokes (中风). 

Miyashita and Kirin will continue to improve their electric chopsticks. They hope to be able to start selling the chopsticks in a short time. 

In today's world of mobile payment, all we really need is a smartphone. But the traditional wallet(钱包) became popular again after Azat Tovmasyan, who used to lose his wallets, had a creative idea. Thus, Volterman smart wallet was born, aiming to make traditional wallets cool again by bringing them into the high-tech age. 

Volterman smart wallet takes wallet safety to a new level. It's equipped with high-tech functions, such as an alarm, which will warn you so that you don't leave it behind. And if your wallet is lost or stolen, the GPS tracker can help you find it. 

Even more interesting is the front-facing camera. "If someone dares to open your wallet secretly, a little camera inside will take a picture and send it to your mobile phone through the Internet," Azat Tovmasyan said. "Once your wallet is stolen, you will find it easily with the help of a picture of the thief," he added.

The high-tech wallet will be released(发行) later this year and will come in three models, with the cheapest one costing $179. 

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It always puts a smile on my face when I open my mailbox and see a new card. Through PenPal, I've made a truly great friend, Yokio, in Japan. We talk about many interesting things and share our experiences of everyday life. I hope everyone can find someone they feel so close to. 

I went to school in China for four years and for another six years in Canada. There are two teachers from these countries that really impressed me even though they are very1 . 

When I 2  to Canada, I couldn't even order food on the flight. After two months on an ESL（English as a Second Language) course,I got my first 3  card. My mark in English was 65. I was very________ 4 . I couldn't 5 what would be said at the parent-teacher interview. 

"Hello!"Mrs Franceschini welcomed my parents. "Richard just came to Canada a few months ago. I am amazed at how his English has 6 so fast,"she said. "On his first day, he was very shy and only used 7 words. Now he can answer and ask questions by using whole sentences. "

8 many other Chinese parents, my mom asked if she could give me extra homework. "Don't worry. Richard is already working very hard," Mrs Franceschini laughed. Then she shook my hand. "Richard, you did a good job. I am 9 of you!" she said.

Back in Shanghai, my teacher Miss Li was very10 . In a test, my average(平均) was 97, top of the class. I was proud to take parents11  the interview. 

Miss Li told my parents,"Feng Yu is doing pretty well. But because of his12 ,he lost 3 points in math. Otherwise he would be the top of the school. "

I thought she was being13 to me. But when I was about to leave, I realized Miss Li was very nice. She hosted a party for me and gave me a big card. Her phone number and e-mails address were on the card. "FengYu, you're my best student. I 14 you a successful life," she wrote. "If you want to talk or need any help, I am always here for you. "

Miss Li and Mrs Franceschini are both great teachers, just in different ways. One built up my learning abilities. 15  gave me tons of confidence and made learning enjoyable. I'm proud to have had them as my teachers

One day Officer Jackson and Steve were discussing a serious case when they were informed of a disturbance (骚乱) in the nearby subway. So, they walked out of the station and got into their car.

The two officers had expected they'd have to deal with an annoying beggar troubling the passers-by for money. But when they arrived at the crime scene, they were shocked at the beggar's appearance. The man had tears in his eyes and was sitting on the subway stairs, looking untidy and tired.

"Excuse me, sir," Officer Jackson said. "You can't stay here, nor can you bother the people to give you money. You have to leave this place."

"Look, officers," the man sighed. "I'm sorry. I didn't mean to cause any trouble, okay? I lost my cane (拐杖), and I can't walk without it. I wanted a few cents so I could get myself something to eat."

The two officers exchanged looks, knowing the man wasn't a disturbance but someone who really needed their help. So they promised to get him food, buy him a cane, and drop him home.

After doing that, the officers drove to the beggar's home, only to discover he had no home at all. He was just wandering in the streets and living off the leftovers he managed to find.

The poor man said his name was Eugene. When he was working at a skyscraper construction site, he was injured and became disabled, losing his ability to walk. Unfortunately, his disability forbade him from doing physical labor, and he wasn't well-educated to find a desk job, so he remained jobless. Because he couldn't provide for his family, his wife and children left him. "I don't have any hopes of changing my destiny (命运), officers," the man said.

But Officer Jackson wanted Eugene to change his life. "You're still young," he said.

"You can't lose hope so soon. He brought him something warm to eat, helped him take a shower, and gave him his warm boots. After his work, Officer Jackson drove Eugene to a shelter for the homeless and left.

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