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Wild animals are equipped with a variety of techniques to avoid becoming lunch for a much (big), toothier animal. The most well-known (method) include the classic "fight" and "flight", as well as "freeze".

A team of researchers wondered  closeness to people might influence those survival strategies.  (find) out, Blumstein and his workmates combined information from 173 studies of more than 100 species,  (include) mammals, birds, fish and so on.

It turns out that the animals react in a similar way to life among humans: they lose their anti-predator (躲避掠食者) characteristics. That pattern is  (especial) obvious for social species. This behavioral change is perhaps unsurprising when it's the result of domestication (驯化),  means training or adapting an animal to live in a human environment and be  (use) to humans.

Urbanization (城市化) alone leads  a similar change, though much more slowly. If the urbanization process  (help) animals better coexist with people, it can be to their benefit. But if it makes them weaker or easier to be hurt by their nonhuman predators, it can be a real problem.

Many children may be fond of animals, but few ever think of making the study of animals as their career. Even fewer will be1 by the whole world,2 the title of United Nations Messenger of Peace.

But one woman has3 all that. She has lived with chimps in the African forest for many years and made great4 . Jane Goodall's lifelong5 in animals began at an early age. By the age of 10 or 11, Jane6 going to Africa to live with animals. This was quite a strange dream in those days, as young girls didn't think of having such "wild" actions. But she was7 by her mother. She told her that if she really wanted something, she should work hard, take advantage of chances and never give up looking for a way.

When a close friend invited Jane to Kenya in 1957, she readily8 it. Within a few months of her arrival, she met the famous anthropologist (人类学家) Dr Louis Leakey, who soon decided that Jane was the 9 person he was looking for to begin a10 of wild chimps (猩猩) on the shore of Lake Tanganyika in Tanzania.

In the beginning, studying the chimps was not11 for her. The animals fled from her12 . With a strong13 , she searched the forest every day, trying not to get too close to the chimps too soon. Gradually the chimps became used to her presence.

In October 1960, she observed a chimp making and using14 to fish for termites (白蚁). This discovery threw light on the popular idea at the time that man was the world's only toolmaker. The longer Jane's research continues, the more it becomes obvious that chimps are very15 to humans.

Since the mid-1980s, Jane has been lecturing around the world to raise people's sense about environmental protection. "Let's live in the new age with hope, respect for all living things, understanding and love," she said.

"The calm before the storm" is a very familiar expression. It is usually used to describe a peaceful period just before a very stressful situation or a tense argument. They noted that before certain storms the seas would seem to become calm and the winds would drop.

But why is it often so calm before a storm? According to US website How Stuff Works, a calm period occurs because many storms, tornadoes and hurricanes draw in all the warm and damp air from the surrounding area. As this air rises into the storm clouds, it cools and acts as " fuel for the storm, like petrol in a car. "

Once the storm has taken all the energy it can from the air, it is pushed out from the top of the storm clouds and falls back down to ground level. So once it covers an area, it causes a calm period before the storm. 

 First count how many seconds there are between a flash of lightning and a clap of thunder, roughly three seconds equal one kilometer. A good judgement is that if your count is below 30 seconds, you should seek shelter straight away. 

However, due to the complexity of storm system, calm doesn't always go first. So, your best bet is to keep yourself updated with weather reports for any predictions regarding a coming storm in your area.

A. Science has given us the answer.

B. There is no definite answer to the question.

C. Weather reports sometimes cannot be trusted.

D. British sailors coined the phrase in the late l600s.

E. As the air declines, it becomes warm and dry, which is stable (稳定的).

F. The Weather Network has a tip for working out how far away a storm is.

G. That's the most reliable way to predict the next display of nature's temper.

One morning a few years ago, Harvard President Neil Rudenstine overslept. For this busy man, it was a sort of alarm: after years of non-stop hard work, he might wear himself out and die an early death.

Only after a week's leave—during which he read novels, listened to music and walked with his wife on a beach—was Rudenstine able to return to work.

In our modern life, we have lost the rhythm between action and rest. Amazingly, within this world there is a universal but silly saying: "I am so busy."

We say this to one another as if our tireless efforts were a talent by nature and an ability to successfully deal with stress. The busier we are, the more important we seem to ourselves and, we imagine, to others. To be unavailable to our friends and family, and to be unable to find time to relax—this has become the model of a successful life.

Because we do not rest, we lose our way. We miss the guide telling us where to go, the food providing us with strength, the quiet giving us wisdom.

How have we allowed this to happen? I believe it is this: we have forgotten the Sabbath, the day of the week—for followers of some religions—for rest and praying. It is a day when we are not supposed to work, a time when we devote ourselves to enjoying and celebrating what is beautiful. It is a good time to bless our children and loved ones, give thanks, share meals, walk and sleep. It is a time for us to take a rest, to put our work aside, trusting that there are larger forces at work taking care of the world.

Rest is a spiritual and biological need; however, in our strong ambition (抱负) to be successful and care for our many responsibilities, we may feel terribly guilty when we take time to rest. The Sabbath gives us permission to stop work. In fact, "Remember the Sabbath" is more than simply permission to rest; it is a rule to obey and a principle to follow.

Who is smarter? A human being or artificial intelligence?

The question swept the world last week when a Google-developed program called AlphaGo defeated the world top player, South Korean Lee Se-del, 4-1.

So, what comes next?

Some people have been arguing that artificial intelligence, or AI in short, will be a bad thing for humans. In an interview with the BBC in 2014, UK scientist Stephen Hawking warned that "the development of full artificial intelligence could mean the end of the human race."

So are we really about to live in the world shown in the Terminator movies?

"Not quite," answered The Economist. After all, it's not hard to get a computer program to remember and produce facts. What is hard is getting computers to use their knowledge in everyday situations.

"We think that, for the human being, things like sight and balance（视觉平衡）, are natural and ordinary in our life." Thomas Edison, founder of Motion Figures, a company that is bringing AI to boys, told the newspaper. "But for a robot, to walk up and down just like human beings requires various decisions to be made every second, and it's really difficult to do."

As The Economist put it, "We have a long way to go before AI can truly begin to be similar to the human brain, even though the technology can be great."

Meanwhile, John Markoff of The New York Times said that researchers should build artificial intelligence to make people more effective.

"Our fate is in our own hands," he wrote. "Since technology depends on the values of its creators, we can make human choices that use technology to improve the world."

On February 20, 2021, Jasmine Harrison, who's from England, without lots of experience in rowing long distances, became the youngest woman to row alone across the Atlantic Ocean. It took her 70 days, 3 hours and 48 minutes to reach the end of the journey.

Every year, rowers taking part in the Atlantic Campaign set off from the Canary Islands and row about 3,000 miles across the Atlantic. Some do the rowing in teams of two, three, or four. Others, like Ms. Harrison, row by themselves. Every day, Harrison would row for about 12 hours, pushing her 550-pound boat across the ocean. On her journey, Ms. Harrison said she survived just on cookies and chocolate. When asked what she was looking forward to the most, she said, "Food. Definitely food."

Harrison had a satellite phone that allowed her to talk with her family and friends every day. But the journey still left her with a lot of time all by herself, which she said she enjoyed. But things got a little harder after her speaker fell in the water and she could no longer listen to her music. 

She had other company along the way. She saw several whales. For several days, she was followed by a small group of dolphins. "It's just amazing," she said. But there was danger, too. Twice, her boat turned over in the night by large waves, and she hurt her arm quite badly. Another time, she nearly ran into a ship. Somehow, she kept going. Finally, she was taking her first steps on land in over two months.

Ms.Harrison's trip didn't just set a record; it also raised over 18,500 pound for two charities (慈善机构): Blue Marine Foundation, which works to control overfishing, and ShelterBox, which helps people who have suffered from natural disasters.

Whether you call Germany home or are just visiting, going to festivals is a great way to experience the country's culture. Here are the best events to attend.

Karneval, Cologne

Karneval is a 40-day party season which takes place between February and March. The largest and most well-known one of these celebrations in Germany takes place in Cologne. The period sees street parties pop up all across the city. The tradition dates back to medieval (中世纪的) times when people lived under strict rules. However, the Germans are certainly making up for it now. 

Frankfurt Book Fair

Held for five days at the Frankfurt Trade Fair grounds in Frankfurt, the event dates back to the 15th century. Today, it is the world's largest trade fair for books and is considered to be the most important one for international deals and trading. While the first three days are restricted (限制) only to professional visitors, the general public can attend on the weekend.

Thuringer Bachwochen: Thuringia Bach Festival

Taking place during the Easter period, this is the largest music festival in Thuringia and has more than 60 concerts in the historic Bach sites. These show the works of Johann Sebastian Bach. Each year, the festival opens with a long night of house music. For one evening, more than a hundred public house concerts take place in private living rooms across the state. 

Long Night of the Museums, Berlin

The evening sees between 70 and 80 of the city's museums open late for the public to visit. Visitors are given an entrance pass to all the exhibits (展览品) within the area. They can meet interesting guests, and dance the night away to live music, and more. With foods and drinks on offer in many places, it's no wonder this is one of the most popular German festivals.

注意： 1. 词数 100 个左右;2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。

Dear Xiao Dong, 

I'm sorry you are having trouble in

……

Yours, 

Li Hua

Two years ago, my son said he wanted to learn how to playpiano. I (buy) him a piano and employed a teacher to teach him. However, half a year later, he lost his interestthe piano. My husband and I really didn't want him to give up. So we insisted that he practice it every night. Yet he didn't like that idea and often played the piano(unhappy). We couldn't think of a good way to persuade him.

One night, an old man, who lives downstairs came to us, with a box of(candy) in his hand. To(we) surprise, he said he came to thank my son. He went to my son and him the gift, saying, " I'd like to thank you. Becauseyou, my wife and I can hear beautiful music every night. It brings us a lot of fun. " My son was(surprise) at first, and then he became very cheerful.

(know) some people are enjoying his music made him want (play) the piano well. From then on, he sat in front of the piano and practiced hard every night. 

We are warned by our teachers not to waste time because time1 will never return. I think it quite 2 . What does time look 3 ? Nobody knows, and we can't see it or touch it and no4 of money can buy it. Time is abstract (抽象的), so we have to5 it. 

Time passes very quickly. Some students say they don't have6 time to review their lessons. It is7 they don't know how to make use of their time. They waste it in going to theatres or playing, and8 other useless things. Why do we study every day? Why do we work? Why do most people9 take buses instead of walking? The answer is very 10 . We wish to save time because time is11 . 

Today we are living in the 21st century. We12 time as life. When a person dies, his life ends. Since life is short, we must 13  our time and energy to our study so that we 14  be able to work and live well in the future. Laziness is the 15  of time, for it not only brings us 16 , but also does other17  to us. If it is necessary for us to do our work today, 18  us do it today and not19 it until tomorrow. Remember that time is much more20 . 

Do you want to be at the top of your class? Add these tips to your life and you should be on your way to being a top student!

I cannot stress how important it is to pay attention to what your teacher is teaching you. Take part in class discussions if you have something worthwhile to add. Pay attention during class, especially during lectures. 

Taking notes is important. You don't need to write down every word your teacher says but write down what he writes on the board, or any special fact you think you might need for a test. 

This way it will help you learn more effectively by actually thinking about what you are writing. 

Don't skip school. You will miss a lot of things. However, you will have more work because you have missed lectures and in-class movies. Also, try not to be late for class, It's most likely that your teachers won't appreciate it and you will get yourself behind. 

If you have an "I don't care about school or this class" attitude, then teachers will be less willing to offer you extra credit（学分）. The same goes for lazy attitude. Have a respectful attitude to the teacher and other students. Try not to laugh when other students make a mistake.

Always ask questions. If you don't understand, ask someone. Read your textbook and notes, and then if that fails, seek help. Ask a teacher, friend, classmate, parent, ect. Get a tutor if you need one. 

A. Be prepared. 

B. Write in your own words. 

C. Staying organized will be helpful. 

D. Keep a good attitude toward things. 

E. It is true that you could make up(补上) the work. 

F. There is no shame in needing some help. 

G. Pay attention to everything the teacher says.

Mary Lyon was a leader in women's education in the nineteenth century. It was a time when women's education was not considered important in the United States. States did require each town to provide a school for children, but there were not enough teachers. Most young women were not able to continue their education. If they did, they often were not taught much except the French language, how to sew clothing, and music.

Mary Lyon felt that women's education was extremely important. She believed women were teachers both in the home and in the classroom. Mary opened a school for young women in the village of Buckland. She suggested new ways of teaching, including holding discussion groups for students.

Then, Mary began to raise money for her dream school for the higher education of women. This school would own its own property (财产), guided by an independent group of direction. Its finances would be the responsibility of the directors. It would not depend on any one person to continue. And, the students would share in cleaning and cooking to keep costs down. In 1837, Mary Lyon opened Mount Holyoke Seminary for Women. In 1893, 34 years after her death, under a state law, Mount Holyoke Female Seminary became the first college to offer women the same kind of education as men. 

Mary's efforts led to the spread of higher education for women in the United States. Her influence lasted as the many students from her schools went out to teach others.

Many tourists go and see parks, museums and castles when they visit a new place. There are many things I like about travelling, but waiting in line to buy museum tickets and then having your visit ruined by noisy tour groups is not one of them. The things that make places special are all around the famous buildings, not inside them. 

My recent trip to India is a good example of this. By far the most interesting part of it was getting to know people—bicycle-taxi drivers, policemen riding elephants and children trying to earn some money by cleaning shoes. Meeting various people was all so amazing that I didn't need to do any "proper" sightseeing. 

I also have fantastic memories of Florence. It was a boiling hot day and people lined up for at least a kilometer long outside the museum. Instead of joining it, I sat in a shady square, ate a delicious pizza and listened to a man singing opera songs to only a few listeners. If I had waited in line, I would have missed this experience. 

One of the best things about travelling is creating memories to bring back. When I got back home from a holiday in Malaysia, I made some of the dishes I'd tasted in the food market. Maybe my results weren't as good as the real thing, but they reminded me of the places and the people I'd met—far better than anything from a gift shop. 

If you are home-alone, or live alone, and somebody comes to the door, shout out "I got it" so that it seems like someone else is there with you. This is a good way to protect yourself. But actually before that, there are lots of preventive(预防的) actions to take. 

Give your apartment a safety check

It's a good idea to give your apartment a once-over for safety concerns—ideally before you even move in. Complete this safety checklist.

• Can any of your valuables be seen from the street?

• Can you see who's at the door without opening it?

• Do you have all your mail held at the post office when you travel?

• Have all your doors been rekeyed since you moved in?

Become friends with your neighbors

If you're shy, then you'd probably prefer anything else to chatting with neighbors. But make an effort to be friendly. In one way or another, your neighbors will be more willing to lend a hand to a friend than they are to help out a stranger in times of trouble.

Be smart about spare keys

Thieves and other illegal types know exactly where to check for spare keys. 

So don't think you're being clever by hiding them in the mailbox, or underneath a carpet. Instead, you had better leave them to a friend or trusted neighbor.

Always lock the door

Lock your doors, every single time. Even if you're just going to the garbage dumpster(垃圾大铁桶) quickly, or only stepping inside to catch something you forgot.

It may seem like overkill — especially if you live in a relatively safe district. But it only takes that one moment for someone to steal in. 

In England, people often talk about the weather because they can experience ( 经历) four seasons in one day. In the morning the weather is warm just like in spring. An hour later black clouds come and then it rains hard. The weather gets a little cold. In the late afternoon the sky will be sunny, and the sun will beg into shine. It will be summer at this time of a day. 

In England, people can also have summer in winter, or have winter in summer. So in winter they can swim sometimes, and in summer sometimes they should take warm clothes. 

When you go to England, you will see that some English people usually take an umbrella（雨伞） or a raincoat with them in a sunny morning, but you should not laugh at them. 

If you don't take an umbrella or a raincoat, you will regret (后悔) later in the day.