相关试卷

It won't sound like a big surprise when I tell you that kindness plays an important role in a person's well-being. It can lead to changes like higher self-esteem(自尊心) and lower blood pressure. Even just witnessing acts of kindness can make us happier.

"From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab, those performing an act of kindness consistently underestimated(低估) how positive their receivers would feel, thinking their act was of less value than receivers thought it to be," states a study.

 Yet, why is there this difference between what we think someone will feel from an act of kindness versus what they do feel? Why do we underestimate the influence we have on others?

Many of us don't have a real sense of our value. It's been estimated that as many as 85 percent of people struggle with low self-esteem. This "voice" tends to shift our focus inward, assessing(评估) our every move, and having bad effect on our relationships.

Unlike a conscience(良心), this inner critic doesn't motivate positive behavior. It encourages us to hold back, feeding us thoughts like, "Don't stick your neck out"; "No one wants to hear from you"; and "You're going to make a fool of yourself."

One wonderful way to fight against our critical inner voice is through acts of being kind to others. We must also try to see ourselves through the eyes of the people we affect. The degree to which we're able to do that will help determine our own happiness along with the happiness we light up in others.

A. However, the work doesn't stop there.

B. People may lower the value of their own kind comments(评价).

C. We all carry around a "critical inner voice" that tends to put us down.

D. Instead of seeing what we have to offer, we may think of ourselves as a burden(负担).

E. This misunderstanding suggests that people devalue their own actions in relation to others.

F. Instead, it turns us against ourselves, making us underestimate our beneficial effect on others.

G. Yet, people may not truly know the influence that even the smallest of kind acts can have on another person.

Over millions of years, humans have responded(做出反应) to certain situations without thinking too hard. If our ancestors spotted movement in the nearby forest, they would run first and question later. At the same time, the ability to analyze and to plan is part of what separates us from other animals. The question of when to trust your instinct(直觉) and when to think slow matters in the office as much as in the savannah(草原). 

Slow thinking is the feature of a well-managed workplace. Yet instinct also has its place. Some decisions are more connected to emotional responses and less to analysis. In demanding customer-service or public-facing situations, instinct is often a better guide to how to behave. 

Instinct can also be improved. Plenty of research has shown that instinct becomes more unerring with experience. In one well-known experiment, volunteers were asked to assess whether a selection of designer handbags were real or not. Some were instructed to operate on instinct and others to deliberate(深思熟虑) over their decision. Instinct worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags; indeed, it outperformed analysis. The more expert you become, the better your instinct tends to be.

However, the real reason to embrace fast thinking is that it is, well, fast. It is often the only way to get through the day. To take one example, when your inbox floods with new emails at the start of a new day, there is absolutely no way to read them all carefully. Instinct is what helps you decide which ones to answer and which to delete or leave unopened. Fast thinking can also help the entire organization. The value of many managerial decisions lies in the simple fact that they have been made at all. Yet as data explodes(数据爆炸), the temptation(诱惑) to ask for one more bit of analysis has become much harder to resist. Managers often suffer from overthinking, turning a simple problem into a complex one.

When to use instinct in the workplace rests on its own form of pattern recognition. Does the decision­maker have real expertise in this area? Is this a field in which emotion matters more than reasoning? Above all, is it worth delaying the decision? Slow thinking is needed to get the big calls right. But fast thinking is the way to stop deliberation turning to a waste of time. 

We depend on our memory not only for sharing stories with friends or learning from our past experiences, but we also use it for important things like creating a sense of personal identity(身份). Yet evidence shows that our memory isn't as consistent(一致的) as we'd like to believe.

There are countless reasons why small mistakes might happen each time we recall past events, ranging from what we believe is true or wish were true, to what someone else told us about the past event, or what we want that person to think. And whenever these mistakes happen, they can have long-term effects on how we'll recall that memory in the future.

Take storytelling for example. When we describe our memories to other people, we might ask ourselves whether it's vital(重要的) to get the facts straight, or whether we only want to make the listener laugh. And we might change the story's details depending on the listener's attitudes. It isn't only the message that changes, but sometimes it's also the memory itself. This is known as the "audience-tuning effect", showing us how our memories can change automatically over time, as a product of how, when, and why we access them.

In fact, sometimes simply the act of rehearsing(复述) a memory can be exactly what makes it susceptible(易受影响的) to change. This is known as "retrieval-enhanced suggestibility". In a typical study of this effect, participants watched a short film, then took a memory test a few days later. But during the days between watching the film and taking the final test, two other things happened. First, half of the participants took a practice memory test. Second, all of the participants were given a description of the film to read, which contained some false details. Participants who took a practice memory test shortly before reading the false information were more likely to reproduce this false information in the final memory test.

Why might this be? One theory is that rehearsing our memories of past events can temporarily make those memories malleable. In other words, retrieving(找回) a memory might be a bit like taking ice-cream out of the freezer and leaving it in direct sunlight for a while. By the time our memory goes back into the freezer, it might have naturally become a little misshapen, especially if someone has influenced it purposely in the meantime. 

These findings lead us to wonder how much our most treasured memories have changed since the very first time we remembered them. Remembering is an act of storytelling, after all. And our memories are only ever as reliable as the most recent story we told ourselves. 

It was a week after my mom had passed away, and I didn't know how to go on with life. So when I received an email from a friend about a race benefiting cancer research, I ignored it. It seemed too close to the heart, as cancer was the disease that had taken my mother away from me.

But something about my friend's words—"I can help organize the whole thing"—stuck with me. I felt obliged(有义务的) to agree. In the weeks to come, I managed to re-enter the world of the living. I checked our team's website daily, feeling proud each time a donation ticked up our total. I knew my mom would have wanted it that way. She was the type who never got defeated. It was this very spirit that helped me get by.

When the race ended, I noticed the runners all had one thing in common: There were big smiles on their faces. They made it look so rewarding and effortless. I wanted in.

So I enrolled(报名) in another race two months later. Considering I could barely run a mile, it was ambitious. But my friend and I made a training plan so I wouldn't come in last. I followed it religiously and didn't let anything get in my way.

Running up and down the city's hills, I was flooded with memories. I had lived there after college and my mother had visited often. I passed Bloomingdale's, recalling the time she and I had gotten into a screaming argument there.

I was about to beat myself up when I remembered what Mom had said after her diagnosis(诊断) of cancer. "I don't want you to feel guilty about anything." Her paper-thin hands had held me tightly. A weight lifted from my shoulders.

When the race day arrived, I gave it my all for my mom and for all she had taught me and continued to teach me. As I ran, whenever I felt like slowing down, I pictured her cheering me on.

Crossing the finish line, I was filled with her love and a sense of peace. 

EcoCentral

This website is all about looking after the earth. There are facts about different animals, as well as information about forests, deserts and oceans. You can upload your own videos onto the site for everyone to see.

TeenPress

This is one of the best sites on the web for teenagers who love writing. You can share your work with others, and there are message boards where you can chat about things that are important to you.

ChannelTwenty

On this site you can watch a daily news program and search for information about big news stories. There are also videos on different subjects, articles about famous bands, games and competitions.

Inside-the-cover

Finding out about your favorite writers is easy on this site. There are lots of interesting articles and information about the latest books. You can read blogs by well-known writers and post questions to them. And you are likely to get replies from them.

Tune-in

There are millions of songs on this website for you to download or listen to online. You can save your favorite songs in your own list. If you're in a band, you can record your music and upload it. The website is large, but the menus are easy to use.

ScienceZone

There's lots of information on this site about maths, chemistry and biology. You can visit some of the world's most famous museums, or watch wildlife via webcams. There are also some very cool games, such as Save the Planet.

After college I wanted to make a difference in the world, so I joined the Peace Corps and (become) a volunteer teacher in Namibia. This was my first time going abroad and living local people. Simply getting used to the living conditions was a big challenge. Honestly, my first choice wasn't Africa, but I am thankful that I (send) there. Before Namibia, I never thought I would adapt to such a situation. Step outside of your comfort zone and face the challenge. You won't regret it.

Saving nature is at the very heart of what we do as World Wildlife Fund (WWF). We protect wildlife for many reasons. It is a source of inspiration. It boosts a sense of wonder. It is fundamental(重要的) to the balance of nature. In our work, WWF  (focus) on saving populations of the most important species in the wild.  (final), by protecting species, we save this beautiful and irreplaceable planet  is called home. 

On the first day of my first grade, I (stand) by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I voiced my biggest concern to my mother, "How will I make friends?" She (hand) me advice, "Be yourself." For the past 20 years, I (live) by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously facing (challenge), I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words "Be yourself."

I was lucky enough to test into the best high school in the city. But then came my 1 : Am I good enough? It was a question that 2  me through my first month, even as I began to settle in, even as I got used to the early morning wake-ups and moving between buildings for class. 

I knew I had to work to ground myself. My earliest strategy involved keeping quiet and trying to 3 my new classmates. Who were these kids anyway? How did they learn in school? All I knew was that they were the smartest kids in the city, obviously. 4 wasn't I as well? Hadn't I landed here because I was smart like them? The truth is that I didn't know. This 5 was like a deadly cell(细胞) that threatened to divide and divide again, unless I could find some way to stop it.

Fortunately, my first round of grades turned out to be 6 , and so did my second. Over the course of my first two years, I began to build the same kind of 7 I'd had at my previous school. With each little achievement, my doubt 8 took leave.

I loved any subject that involved writing and labored through math. I had classmates who were always a step or two ahead of me, whose achievements seemed effortless, but I tried not to let that get to me. I was beginning to understand that if I put in extra hours of studying, I could often 9 the gap. I wasn't a straight-A student, but I was always 10 and I made progress.

        What job do you want to do?

        Why do you want to do the job?

        What qualities should you have for the job?

        How should you prepare yourself for the job?

注意： 1. 发言稿的开头和结尾已为你写好；2. 词数不少于60。

My Dream Job

Good afternoon, everyone. 

Thank you!

Pranks (恶作剧) are a popular way of making fun of others and getting a laugh. While some experts point out possible negatives, pranking can also decrease stress, raise a smile, and strengthen relationships. 

Prank Aliens, a best-selling book, tells a story about a boy named Max who is searching for the greatest prank of all time. His author Matt Stanton once said that pranking in the home can build strong relationships between parents and kids. 

"Some of the best relationship-building moments I have with my own kids are when I enter into their space," Stanton said. "An adult joining in their games can be surprising for kids and bring wonderful moments of joy. It's a great way to demonstrate to our kids that we can laugh at ourselves and still feel loved and safe," he added.

But playing tricks can come with unintended consequences (后果), said psychiatrist Mark Cross. Pranks that are intended to harm or embarrass can anger the target and even ruin a relationship. However, Cross also added, "Pranking can be good when the outcome is laughter for everyone, including the pranked person. It can be a great release of stress. When you laugh, you breathe deeper, which helps ease anxiety. "

So why not try some pranks? Wrapping vegetables and shoes up as presents for kids on their birthdays always gets a great reaction. Putting plastic spiders in guests' drinks or placing a whoopee cushion on an unsuspecting person's chair is sure to cause a belly laugh. All these might just be good for you and everyone involved.

associate with，  drop out，  a couple of，   be to blame，  be related to  

Teens who have good, supportive relationships with their teachers enjoy better health as adults, according to a research. 

"This research suggests that improving students' relationships with teachers could have important, positive and long-lasting effects beyond just academic success," said Jinho Kim, the author of the study. "It could also bring about important health benefits in the long run. "

Previous research has suggested that teens' social relationships might be linked to health outcomes in adulthood—perhaps because poor relationships can lead to chronic (长期的) stress which can raise a person's risk of health problems over the lifespan, according to Kim. However, it is not clear whether the link between teen relationships and lifetime health is certainly cause and effect—it could be that other factors, such as different family backgrounds, might contribute to both relationship problems in adolescence (青春期) and poor health in adulthood. Also, most research has focused on teens relationships with their peers, rather than on their relationships with teachers.

To explore those questions further, Kim analyzed data on nearly 20,000 participants from the Add Health study, a national study that followed participants for 13 years, from seventh grade into early adulthood. The participants included more than 3, 400 pairs of brothers and sisters. As teens, participants answered questions, such as, "How often have you had trouble getting along with other students?" "How much do you agree that friends care about you?" "How often have you had trouble getting along with your teachers?" and "How much do you agree that teachers care about you?" As adults, participants were asked about their physical and mental health. Researchers also took measures of physical health, such as blood pressure and BMI (体质指数).

Kim found that, as expected, participants who had reported better relationships with both their peers and teachers in middle school and high school also reported better physical and mental health in their mid-20s. However, when he controlled for family background by looking at pairs of brothers and sisters, only the link between good teacher relationships and adult health remained significant. 

The results suggest that teacher relationships are even more important than previously realized and that schools should invest in training teachers on how to build warm and supportive relationships with their students, according to Kim. 

The bald eagle was once a dying species in the United States. This is because the bird wasn't always held with respect. At the National Book Festival, author Jack E. Davis detailed the bald eagle's "great conservation success story".

The bald eagle has faced extinction twice. The first occurred in the late 19th century. "It was then that a bald eagle seen was one to be shot," he said. He explained that the bird had been regarded as a dangerous animal, and considered a threat (威胁). But such threat tended to be overstated (夸大). Throughout the early 20th century, thousands of bald eagles were shot down. Things began to change for the bird in 1940, when the government passed its legal protection—the Bald Eagle Protection Act.

However, only five years later, the bird faced its second near extinction when DDT, an environmentally harmful insecticide (杀虫剂), was introduced at the end of World War Ⅱ. In 1963, the bald eagle hit its lowest number—totaling less than 500 nesting pairs across the U. S. "At that time, only about one-third of the nation's water was safe for swimming and fishing," Davis said. "That was eagle habitat, but also our habitat. " "We stepped up. " He mentioned that this situation led a nonprofit organization, Fish and Wildlife, to launch "hugely successful" eagle protection projects.

By 2007, the bald eagle was removed from the list as the species regained its health, reaching nearly 11,000 nesting pairs nationwide, and today's number is somewhere around 500,000.

For those looking to assist in the ongoing comeback of the bald eagle and other endangered animals, Davis said, almost every state has a center that accepts donations and welcomes visitors and volunteers. 

The Well that Changed the World

As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy, Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn't get enough clean water. He looked across the classroom at the drinking fountain. It was very close—only ten steps away. So, Ryan asked himself, "Why do some African children have to walk ten kilometers to get water every day? And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick?" Young Ryan thought, "Life is easy for me, but hard for those people. Why don't I help?"

At first, his plan was to earn money to build a single well somewhere in Africa. He cleaned windows and did gardening for his family and neighbors. He soon reached his first target (目标) of $70, but when he gave the money to a charity, he was told that it actually cost $2,000 to build a well. 

Two thousand dollars was a lot of money, but Ryan didn't give up. He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbors and persuaded them to donate money. At the same time, a friend of Ryan's mother helped make his story go public. After several months, Ryan had raised the $2,000, with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. The children at the school no longer needed to walk for hours to get water. They were grateful to him and invited him to visit.

In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished well with his own eyes. But that was not all. He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out to welcome him. They sang and danced happily. Some even offered him food and gifts. At first Ryan was nervous, but soon great warmth filled him. He really had made a difference for these children. He broke into a joyful smile. 

Later, Ryan's experience led him to set up a foundation (基金会) to encourage more people to help. Many inspired people gave him their support. Ryan's foundation continues to attract support from more and more people, so the work of building more wells can go on. Today, over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from the life-changing gift of clean, safe water.

Explore your world—Mirthy

Online events to help you discover, learn and connect

Who is Mirthy?

Mirthy is one of the most popular websites for online events and already loved and trusted by more than 45,000 people. It was designed to create an inclusive community where people can learn, share, and connect with others through a variety of events that are active, sociable, and uplifting. It's all about fulfilment and wellbeing.

There are some online events each month to try, from craft workshops (手工工坊) to fitness sessions. For example, according to our event calendar, this week you can attend gardening classes and singing lessons. So whether you have a desire to get fitter or to pick up a new skill—signing up for classes and events with Mirthy could be just what you have been looking for. 

How does it work?

Sign up via the online registration form at Mirthy. com. Then you can take a look through the calendar of upcoming events and see what takes your fancy. 

Once you register for an event, you will then receive a link on email ready for you to join the live event. If your plans change and you can't make it, you will receive a link for a 7-day replay that you can watch at a time that is convenient for you!

Best of all, it's completely FREE to join!

Join Mirthy for free today, and you can enjoy any 4 events every month, for free! If you're up for more, then you can either select and book additional events on a pay-as-you-go basis, normally for £2. 99 each, or you can upgrade to the Premium membership giving you full free access to all events for only £4. 99 per month.

If you choose to go for the Premium membership, there's no contract. You simply upgrade your membership and you can cancel anytime.

Before Mr. Jenkins taught me, science (be) a subject full of strange words to me. I had no idea hydrogen was, and I didn't really want to know, either! But Mr. Jenkins made everything interesting. He used to explain things which seemed difficult lots of practical examples and in simple language. One day, he took us outside, and we (build) a rocket! I remember that he let me pour some fuel into the rocket, and then another student lit a match to set it off. It was great fun.