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注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Cold temperatures, biting wind, heavy snow and slippery roads are the common challenges that trouble or even interrupt winter commutes(通勤). However, for students and teachers at a college in Northeast China,  have been severely affected by the recent cold wave and snowstorm, their commute has been made easy, warm and safe thanks to the newly (build) skywalks on campus. 

In clear contrast to other colleges in Northeast China, students at Harbin Institute of Technology have experienced an (entire) different scene. They comfortably move between classrooms, libraries, cafeterias, dormitories, and the gym in short sleeves(袖子) through the skywalks, all within  five-minute walk. Some students have even been spotted (enjoy) ice cream while admiring the snowy scenery along the pathways. Praise and (admire) have poured in for the usefulness of the sky bridges and the thoughtfulness of the college.

The university (launch) the construction of the sky bridges on campus in 2022, aiming to effectively alleviate the impact of extreme weather on campus life  increase convenience for both teachers and students. With a total length of 1,330.13 meters, the sky bridges are built in three stages. On Nov 7, the second stage of the walkway system was fully operational and open  trial use. Currently, 881.81 meters of skywalks are (access).

Yoriko, a sheepshead fish (kobudai in Japanese), first met Arakawa nearly 30 years ago. Arakawa started 1  at the age of 

18. Now 79, he still loves his stays in the deep water. His 2  friendship with Yoriko is certainly one of the highlights.

"I'd say we 3 each other," Arakawa said in an interview, "not that we talk to each other… I kissed her once. I'm the only person she'll let 4 it." Over time, the fish with an almost 5 face—"When looking close, you'll think she looks like someone you 6 ," Arakawa jokes—and her human companion became underwater best friends forever.

On one dive when Arakawa was visiting, he noticed Yoriko's 7 had been badly injured. Even so, she came to greet him. Realizing she'd be 8 to catch her own food, Arakawa hand-fed Yoriko meat from crabs(蟹) he hammered open for her. 9 , Yoriko bounced back from her injuries quickly. After her 10 , the connection between the pair seemed to grow even stronger.

"I'm not sure if it's the 11 of the kobudai or not. It's probably because there is a sense of 12 between us. I guess she knows that I 13 her. So for me to be able to do that, I am 14 ," Arakawa said. "I have an amazing sense of achievement."

It sure sounds like this is one human who's been truly caught in a net of 15 —and we'll bet Yoriko has no plans to toss(扔) him back, either.

If you've ever been in a cheerful mood, then met up with a bad-tempered friend, you'll know how infectious emotions can be. Before you know it, you realize that you're feeling down too.. When you've been sad, perhaps your friend's liveliness has helped to lighten your mood.

You might wonder who wins out—if you're feeling happy and your friend is feeling sad, do you yield to their sadness or do they catch your happiness? Part of the answer is likely depending on their and your levels of expressiveness and receptiveness. . If you smile a lot when you're happy, you're more likely to infect your friend. Likewise, if your friend is impressionable and more prone(有做...倾向的) to copying facial expressions, then they'll be more likely to catch your smiles and start feeling happier.

. For instance, there's evidence that fear has a smell, and that smelling the sweat of an anxious person can initiate activity in parts of the brain involved in empathy(共情) and processing emotions. In fact, there doesn't need to be any physical contact at all. Researchers have shown that emotions can spread through social media. .

If and when you encounter an opposite emotion to your own, the experience will likely vary depending on how invested you are in that other person or people.  . And if you're feeling sad and a bunch of strangers surrounding you were laughing their heads off, you're likely to find it really annoying.

A. Happily, it can work the other way around too.

B. This is especially true when we're interacting with someone we care about.

C. Everyone varies in how emotionally expressive and impressionable they are.

D. That isn't to say that facial expressions are the only way for emotions to spread.

E. These processes have to do with effective communication and mutual understanding. 

F. If you care about them, you'll be more motivated to shift emotionally to match their state.

G. People exposed to more negative posts are more likely to post something negative themselves.

The school hallway between classes may seem disordered. But there's likely more order in the crowd than you think. In a heavy crowd with people going in opposite directions, there's often a pattern. People tend to sort themselves into lanes(队伍) that run parallel to each other. If a space is wide enough, two groups of people passing each other head-on will form multiple lanes. Each lane will be about the width of two people. If two groups cross paths at right angles, they still form lanes. But these lanes behave differently. Each person stays in their lane, but the lane shifts to the side as the groups cross. Attempts to direct the crowd may not help, and it will mess up this natural flow. This slows everybody down.

Tim Rogers and Karol Bacik reported these results in a journal. They began working on crowds during the pandemic. They were working to design spaces where people could stay socially distanced to prevent viral spread. Decades ago, Dirk Helbing, a physicist in Switzerland, created a mathematical model that describes the direction a walker plans to go. Rogers and Bacik added factors related to crowd patterns to Helbing's software. The resulting model describes lane formation as a result of two processes.

The first process is drift. As soon as a line of people starts to form headed one way, others going the same way are drawn to it. This encourages lane formation. The second one is diffusion(扩散) which causes people to spread out from a crowded space. In a crowd, the end result is lanes about two people wide—just big enough to resist diffusion.

The model's predictions stood the test of a real crowd. The researchers filmed a group of 70 people walking through an open space. People consistently ordered themselves into lanes as expected, while past work has shown that crash and other problems are more common where more routes intersect(交叉) . Public spaces can be designed to help prevent such disasters. The takeaway: When people are traveling two ways, trust the wisdom of crowds. When there's a three-way or four-way intersection, watch out.

Researchers believe they have accurately estimated Antarctica's Weddell seal population for the first time—using images from space and the eyes of citizen scientists.

Previous estimates of their population were "more back-of-the-envelope type calculations", said Dr. Michelle LaRue, a professor of New Zealand's University of Canterbury. "The previous research was done by traditional surveyors, but you can't physically get to the entire Antarctic continent all at one time," she said.

The results were "inaccurate", so in 2016 LaRue created the first estimate of the seals' baseline population, using satellite imagery and the keen eyes of 330,000 curious volunteers. "We combined the imagery with a web platform to conduct a citizen science campaign to find out where seals are present, their abundance, and the environmental factors that influence their habitat preferences," LaRue said.

They discovered that, at the time the satellite images were taken in 2021, the global population was actually just 40% of the 800,000 animals previously estimated. The study, published in late 2021, estimated that there were about 202,000 sub-adult and adult female Weddell seals in Antarctica. Male seals were generally not captured in the satellite images because they were typically under the ice, guarding their territories, LaRue added. 

The study also found that Weddell seals lived on about 1% of the ice and were picky about where they settled. The project relied heavily on volunteers to search the satellite images for signs of seals. Participants were given images of an area in Antarctica to scour and asked to tick a box saying if they believed they could see a seal or not. The more people to click yes, the more efficient the narrowing down of habitats became.

"The method is now being employed by other scientists to help determine the population of walrus(海象) in the Arctic," LaRue said, "Looking at broader ecosystems and the relationships between animals and their environment was important in the long run, but to do that, it was helpful to have population guides for single species." Once scientists have that information, they "can start adding it all together and putting together the puzzle a little bit better".

Pushpa hates tears but when she tells of incidents from her childhood, which she spent battling poverty, she can't help feeling overwhelmed. "We used to be able to afford only one meal every day," she says. But as challenging as those early years were, they would lead to her remarkable life as a scribe(抄写员) for people with special needs.

Pushpa remembers enjoying a blessedly normal childhood, peppered with "toys, dinners out and movies at the theatre", until around grade 4. But life as she knew it disappeared when an accident left her father disabled.

"My mother, who wasn't well-educated, had to work for ₹500 per month." But what hit her hardest was her struggle to continue her education. The memory of her grade 7 teacher refusing to allow her to attend classes over unpaid school fees still hurts.

One day in 2007, while travelling with two visually impaired(有缺陷的) college students by bus, she heard them talk about how difficult it was for them to continue their education. "I remembered my own struggle to finish my studies so I seized the opportunity to help them."

"I was a little nervous at first because I had passed my grade 10 examination only with a third class," she smiles. "Since then, I've written exams for students who have low IQ, or are blind or visually impaired, or have met with an accident."

It is, by no means, an easy task. "I read out the questions slowly and, sometimes, several times, and wait for the student to tell me the answer. I have seen scribes getting irritated(愤怒的) at students and that should not happen." she explains.

Over the last 16 years, the young girl who once survived on handouts has come a long way. Connecting with examinees by word of mouth, till date, Pushpa has written 1,086 exams for special-needs test-takers and won the Nari Shakti Puraskar in 2018 for her efforts. "You should be prepared to help the student for those few hours, without expecting anything in return." Pushpa adds.

To live more sustainably(可持续地) and protect our planet for now and the future, we need to inspire everyone to reuse, reduce, and recycle. Luckily, human brains are incredibly creative, which is why, alongside the LEGO Group, we're asking you to design a brilliant invention that gives old objects a new purpose. You could do it at home or ask your teacher if your class could get involved.

The LEGO Build the Change programme encourages young people to come up with creative solutions to real-world challenges and inspire politicians, scientists and engineers to make real changes. The builders of tomorrow are encouraged to come up with fun and clever ways to protect our environment.

So, grab a pen, a pencil, your LEGO bricks or other creative craft materials and design your cutting-edge invention. Whether it is playful or serious, we'd like to see a picture or a model, with an explanation of how it works and how it could change the world.

Beavis was a rescue cat who came to our family from a broken home. At the time, I remember thinking that his attitude just might have been responsible for the break. His first three days in our house were spent under a bed hissing(发出威胁的嘶嘶声) and spitting at anyone brave enough to approach him. Even the non-threatening offer of food or water provoked an aggressive response.

Eventually, after a number of weeks and a lot of patience, Beavis deigned (屈尊) to be in the same room as other family members, as long as he was given his space and wasn't approached directly.

His first visit to the vet was a nightmare. The poor man had to wear a thick leather apron and industrial-grade gloves before giving Beavis a routine examination. After the visit, the vet wrote in his notes that Beavis was a"very difficult"animal to deal with. At least he didn't ask us to change vets.

It was my bright idea to get him some companionship. Drawing on my"vast experience" as a cat person, I thought the cure for his antisocial behaviour would be some cat company. The second mistake I made was in encouraging my daughter and her friend to be the ones to choose a barn kitten from a local farmer. As it turned out, they couldn't decide which one to pick, so they compromised by choosing two kittens.

It turned out that Beavis didn't need cat company, but rather came into his own as a kitten bully. The little guys were threatened at every turn. We had gone from a one-catastrophe family to three. Beavis was unable to share food or even toilet facilities with the kittens. We spent more time keeping them apart than watching them interact. It looked as though we were destined to suffer long-term cat problems.

One day, Beavis was strutting(趾高气扬地走) his stuff through a particularly well-fitting door in our basement.

注意： 1. 续写词数应为 150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

注意：1. 词数 80左右;2.可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。

Dear Sir or Madam, 

Li Hua

A good time to visit Copenhagen is…any time. Yet those  love architecture and design have a new reason to visit the Danish capital in 2024:Copenhagen has been officially named the UNESCO World Capital of Architecture, title it will hold for a three year period.

The purpose is (highlight) how architecture and culture can shape urban identity and sustainable urban development. Over the next year, no fewer than 300 events (host) under the framework of "Copenhagen in Common". These exhibitions and other happenings will showcase architecture arid design have brought to everyday lives in cities.

Famed for its culture of biking and purposeful buildings, Copenhagen has inspired countless planning  (professional). Any travelers here will experience how  (care) policy choices have improved the lives of its citizens,  public gyms on building rooftops and shipping containers turned into student housing. The World Capital of Architecture title will help to shine a light on all of this.

The Danish Architecture Center will host a number of events for anyone interested in architecture. That will include an exhibition where you can explore the meaning of Danish architecture and  (guide) tour s around the city. The show will also highlight the strong Danish tradition of community thinking and citizen  (involve) in public projects, by surveying locals, architects and visitors about what urban architecture works well —— and what doesn't.

My disinterest in"The Beautiful Game" has been lifelong. At primary school, my classmates spent lunch break playing 1 , while I was getting kicks from books and computers in the library. In Games lessons, like all fat kids, I was put"in defence"— which involved 2 with my mates and occasionally pretending to be bothered about where the ball was. I became 3 in imitating the body language of the boys who cared: 4 when a goal was scored; channeling their anger when there was a 5 ; approximating their joy at a free kick, although I didn't understand the rules.

As I got older, I stopped trying to 6  it. Instead, I thought of my 7  to football as a badge (徽章) of honor. I'd separate the 8  section from The Times and throw it straight into the dustbin. When a big game was on, I'd go 9  , and post performative photos of me wandering around high streets on social media, 10  how much more free time I had than the mindless majority around me, endlessly absorbed in their silly competition that11 resets itself every 12 months.

All 12 as my son Harvey grew up. 10 year old Harvey was attracted to football games, and we never missed a 13 of his favorite team "The Wood". Almost without noticing, my yells of support when"The Wood" scored a goal were actually 14 . I've found unexpected joy and a sense of community in a game I once disregarded, a reminder that life's interests can 15 in the most surprising ways.

Two and a half millennia ago, Socrates complained that writing would harm students. With a way to store ideas permanently, they would no longer need to memorize.  Socrates didn't have a stack of peer-reviewed science to make his case about the usefulness of learning concepts by heart.

Today a different debate is raging(蔓延) about the dangers of another technology——computers —— and the typing people do on them. Primary-school pupils and PhD hopeful s are relying on computers to take notes and write papers.  University professors also complain of distraction in classrooms, with students reading and messaging instead of listening to lectures.

A line of research shows the benefits of the "innovation " that predates computers:handwriting. T he benefits of using a pen or pencil lie in how the motor and sensory memory of putting words on paper reinforces that material.

One of the best-demonstrated advantages of writing by hand seems to be in superior note-taking. Students typing on computers write down twice as many words and passages, suggesting they are not understanding so much when rapidly copying the material.  It forces note-takers to synthesize·(合成) ideas into their own words, which aids conceptual understanding at the moment of writing.

 About half the states in America have required more teaching of it. In Sweden there is a push for more handwriting and printed books and fewer devices. England's national curriculum already prescribes teaching the basics of handwriting by age seven.

Socrates may or may not have had a point about the downsides of writing. But no one would remember, much less care, if his student Plato had not noted it down for later generations.

A. It makes n mate rial visually appealing.

B. Handwriting, by contrast, takes a longer time.

C. Policymakers have taken note of handwriting's benefits.

D. It is tempting to dismiss him as an old man complaining about change.

E. Some students may have disabilities that make handwriting especially hard.

F. Some parents worry that their children are encouraged to carry laptops to class.

G. It improves everything from recalling random words to understanding complex concepts.

ROOSTERS act differently when faced with another chicken rather than just their own reflection. This may mean that the birds can recognise themselves in a mirror.

In the traditional mirror self-recognition test, developed in 1970, researchers place a mark on an animal's body in a spot that it could only see when seeing its reflection. They note if the animal inspects or touches the mark while examining its mirror image, which suggests it understands that what it sees represents its own body. Few non-human species have passed this test, but they include some great apes, dolphins, and elephants.

Sonja Hillemacher at the University of Bonn and her colleagues wondered if this was . because there is little natural reason for many animals to investigate such marks. So, they have tried to adap t the test to the natural behaviour of roosters, which loudly alert other chickens to the presence of nearby predators (天敌), but generally stay quiet when alone.

In the lab, they tested 68 roosters one by one. They placed a bird on one side, and either left the other side empty or put another rooster. Then they added a mirror for some tests. To mimic(模仿) a threat, they projected the outline of a hawk on the ceiling above.

When a rooster was paired with another rooster, it raised the alarm more often than when it was alone, regardless of whether it could see its own reflection. Since the birds acted similarly when alone and with a reflection, they may realise their reflection is of themselves. This means self-recognition may be more common in animals than we thought, say the researchers.

"This is exciting, as it breaks away from the conventional view that the mark test is the only valid test for self-recognition, " says Nathan Emery at Queen Mary University. Notably, when Hillemacher and her colleagues put the roosters through the mark test, the birds failed.

Hillemacher says it is premature to say chickens definitely recognise themselves in their reflections. The strange behaviour of a reflection — mimicking your movement, for instance — may be unsettling enough to disrupt(扰乱) the natural alarm response, she says.

Usnin Bolt burned about 10kcal of energy to win his gold during the 200 metre spring final at the Olympic Games, which could roughly power an old 60W light bulb for 11 minutes. If you could make use of all the power generated by all the athletes during the Games, you would still be nowhere close to reaching the 29.5 billion Watts consumed overall by the athletes, spectators and organisers over the event. We take sport for granted, but do we ever consider its cost to the planet?

From the water required to maintain the golf course during The Masters tournament to the hundreds of flights it takes to bring football fans to a World Cup, major sports events are not helping much in the fight against global heating. What's more, there is a lack of recognition within sport of its responsibilities and little discussion about possible solutions.

This is strange given that the effect works both ways: the climate crisis is not just affected by sports, but it is already having a negative impact on many sports. When ice-climber Will Gad d set out to conquer the world's glaciers he didn't realize it would become a race against climate change. "I thought glaciers are there forever." When he arrived at the summit, Gadd was shocked:"The ice……wasn't there. The things I planned to climb were gone."

Global heating is noticeable in other sports. Amy Steel played professional net ball until she suffered from heatstroke after playing in 39℃ conditions and unfortunately, the damage was permanent. Not only that, but extreme weather events made more frequent as a result of global heating mean sporting event s are more often delayed or cancelled. This has cost sport billions in potential earnings.

Yet sport can be a powerful motivator: it can unit e whole nations behind its teams. Could sport have a role to play in driving climate awareness? Will Gad d and Amy Steel are among many athletes who think so. One thing is certain. Sport must put climate change at the top of its agenda and decarbonize at a Usain Bolt-like pace to make a difference.

I had a great time with the film Turning Red, which follows Meilin, a thirteen-year-old girl who suddenly begins turning into a giant red panda.

The film was set in 2002 when I would've been around Meilin's age. It was a joy for me to watch a film that I could relate to. The film illustrates the push-pull that so many immigrant families face: how much of their culture do they keep? And how much do they assimilate (融入)? There are beautiful traces of Chinese culture all throughout this film, including gorgeous food, time around the table, relationships with extended family, and more.

In the film, women in Meilin's family suffer a curse. As soon as they begin to blossom into womanhood, they transform into a giant red panda whenever they express any strong emotion.Thus, they have learned that emotional repression is the way to go. It was beautiful to watch this young girl choose the different path of emotional wellness ins tead of holding back her feelings.

It's not a surprise that the director Domee Shi, who is around my age, chose this plotline.Many people of my age are on a similar path to the one Meilin finds herself on. We honor our parents and what they have done for us, but we're also choosing to be more emotionally healthy and trying to live differently than we were taught.

The part of Turning Red that I particularly loved is the ending. Though Meilin's mom, grandma, and aunts all see that it's possible to integrate their red pandas into their lives, they don't choose that path. Instead, they choose to bottle their pandas up once again. However, they do get a new perspective on this young, groundbreaking girl. It's such a sweet reminder that not everyone can go on the same journey toward emotional health, and that's okay.

If all of them had embraced their pandas, I think the end ing would've felt incredibly cheese and taken away some of the power of the story. So we get a conclusion that is satisfying and heartwarming without being too much of a fairy tale.

Music Festivals From Around the World

Music possesses a unique power to unite people across cultures. One great way to feel this connection is by attending some of the world's most incredible music festivals.

Sziget Festival

The Sziget Festival in Budapest, Hungary, is a renowned(著名的) six-day celebration of music and art on Óbuda Island on the Danube River. Started in 1993, the festival is known for its diverse lineup, featuring top artists from genres like electronic, hip-hop, techno, and pop rock. Beyond music, the festival offers cultural experiences like art exhibitions, theater, circus performances, and film screenings.

Glastonbury

Glastonbury Music Festival is a global music fest held annually at the Worthy Far m in Somerset, England. Since its inception(开始) in 1970, it has become a touchstone for music enthusiasts worldwide, drawing more than 200, 000 visitors during its remarkable five-day run.Additionally, Glastonbury is among the few festivals striving towards being completely carbon-neutral.'

Rock in Rio

The be loved Rock in Rio festival was founded in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1985. The brand has since expanded to other locations, including Lisbon, Madrid, and Las Vegas. Rock in Rio spans multiple days. While its roots are in rock music, Rock in Rio has evolved to include more genres to appeal to a much broader audience. One of Rock in Rio's standout features is its commitment to environmental initiatives.

Fuji Rock

Fuji Rock is Japan's biggest music festival, typically held in Naeba Ski Resort in Niigata Prefecture. Known for its stunning mountainous"backdrop, this event has been running since 1997 and is celebrated for its diverse lineup that spans rock, electronic, hip-hop, and most other genres. It attracts international and local acts, creating a unique fusion of musical styles.