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It is common for people to believe that by reading something over and over again they will learn it. However, repetition alone does not ensure learning. According to some reports, this is the most popular way students attempt to learn. However, mere exposure does not necessarily lead to better memory. What matters most is the approach taken when trying to learn the material. Here are some tips for effective learning.

Develop focused attention. Focused attention requires you to keep in mind what is important to your current goal. Attention is a skill; it can be learned. Research indicates various forms of mindfulness, meditation, and other strategies can lead to improved attention.

 All learning and memory formation is heavily dependent on brain health. Various types of exercise are beneficial for brain health. The foundations of brain health include exercise, nutrition, and cultivating positive social interactions.Nutrition recommendations include eating a balanced diet. Social interactions are good for brain health, but only when they are positive interactions.

Space your learning sessions. Memory is best when you spread your studying or training across multiple sessions. One of the key reasons that spaced learning increases memory is that each time you study, you may perceive the material from a different perspective.

A. Focus on brain health.

B. Practice challenging activities.

C. This may come as a surprise to many.

D. The exercise can vary from low to high intensity.

E. Memory reflects the ability to acquire information.

F. Learning is a process which is enhanced when it occurs over time.

G. Whatever you are learning, focused attention is a key requirement.

There are always unforeseen consequences when new technology is introduced. The truth is that the humans' depending on machines is even increasing. I've spent much of my life analyzing through written and spoken words. Now I'm a technologist making use of natural language processing for human good. Given that I work in Artificial Intelligence, I'm realizing something dangerous happening. Machines are destroying the way we communicate.

AI voices allow you to communicate verbally with your phone, they are normalized and yet cold, no matter which accent you tune your Siri or Amazon Alexa into. It's difficult to normalize language to be harmless and neutral because we all interpret meaning differently based on living experiences. Yet this is exactly what we're asking artificial intelligence to do for us on a billion-person scale. Once these rules are regulated by machine, they're inevitably create much bigger problems.

We noticed that there is an active desire to only neutral language in AI-powered tool. AI-powered recommendations let us autocomplete our thoughts in real-time. These functions are now key features in our emails, word processors and browsers. The machines are pushing us into a common tongue, and we accept it as a matter of convenience. You can press and hold the Power button for a second to wake up AI voice. But what's the cost? We are trading uniqueness and precision for convenience. We're also handing the power of acceptable speech to machine-controlled tools, not individuals.

In the physical world, we use words, phrases, tone, rhythm, humor and facial expressions to make us close and affective. We can tell where people were born based on their accents and phrasing. Humans are truly unique, and our communication is dynamic. So we should demand AI systems that promote individuality and uniqueness. The impact of AI voice will depend not just on what they can do, but also on how they make people feel.

Many of us have a secret, internal timeline we're always measuring ourselves against: the ideal age we'd like to get that degree, get married, reach a certain title at work. Our fantasy timetable hasn't evolved much over the years. A 2018 Stanford University study found that all generations agreed around 26 is the right age to get married, 27 the time to buy a house and 28 the moment to start a family.

What if it's not? Struggling to competing with the Boomers(生育高峰出生的人） in the job market and overwhelmed by rising social pressure, many millennial（s 千禧一代）just can't reach the milestones as planned.

Younger generations are increasingly pushing back everything from the age they start a full-time job to when they begin saving for retirement, says Laura Carstensen, director of the Stanford Center on Longevity. There are some downsides to the delay. Give up buying a home and you could miss out on a massive house. Put off saving for retirement and you may face financial insecurity down the line. You body might not be suitable to have babies forever, and it will age.

However, we're also living longer: 30 extra years, on average, over the last century. So, instead of rushing through all the big stuff, only to face a long period of stagnation at the end of our lives, why not spread out the milestones?

Working as a lawyer in Rochester, N.Y., Danielle Ponder would frequently Google, "Did anyone make it after the age of 35?" A gifted singer, she chose a career in law because she wanted the stability of steady work. She tried to make out some time for shows between court dates instead of committing to music full time.

Five days before her 40th birthday, she quit her job, which led to a bestselling solo album, television appearances and sold-out shows. "I don't know if I could make this happen to me at 19," she says.

Leo and Max Ordoñez came roaring into the wooded park and soon they're climbing up towering Douglas firs trees. The twins are joined by Leon Schwarcz, also 6, whose father, Joel, called out encouragement and kept a watchful eye on the young climbers.

Joel Schwarcz had a vision of turning the woods into a home for a treetop adventure park featuring platforms, bridges, and balancing. "My favorite thing is watching people come and look at the trees and go, ‘they maybe feel a little scared , but they'll try it out and go just a little ways up and then come down and just go a little higher and higher each time, seeing people's confidence grow as they are here for the hour and climbing." he said.

Park guests get a safety belt and instructions and soon are to climb up one of four routes: The Brothers, Mount Whitney, Mount Olympus and Mount Rainier. Green bands on the trees mark out 20 feet, reds mark 30 feet and yellows mark 40 feet. Climbers can choose a difficulty level by sticking to certain color holds.

"I live here in Kingston," he said, "and we've got a lot of great outdoor spaces but not a lot of opportunities for people to get out there and try something new without personally having the skill, so I wanted to bring something where people could just come on their own, and we give you the safety belt and instructions and then you're free to play in the park."

Schwarcz recommends that kids at a minimum be 5 years old, but the only set limits for the climbing systems are for weight. He notes that he has hosted both a 3-year-old climber and a 77-year-old climber at the park so far. "It's a great activity for all ages. " he said.

He added, "No matter how high they get, it doesn't really matter if you don't make it to the yellow bands, just seeing people grow has been really the most rewarding part of starting this. It's been super fun."

SPACE JAM

For kids inspired by India's moon landing, here are four destinations where families can explore the stars, space and beyond.

Kennedy Space Center, Florida(USA)

The NASA-operated Kennedy Space Center is a must for aspiring astronauts and space lovers. It's organised into chronologically grouped attractions and tours based around mission launches from the US Space Program. Hands-on experiences range from live presentations delivered by astronauts to the new Astronaut Training Experience Center. It is also the closest place from which the public can view rocket lift-offs at Cape Canaveral.

Jodrell Bank, Cheshire(UK)

This world-leading science research institute is centred around the Grade I-listed Lovell Telescope. Its 35-acre grounds include lots of interactive fun and educational exhibits across several indoor spaces, plus guided pathways to wander and outdoor facilities such as a pair of ‘whispering dishes' for kids to call between. There's also a programme of family friendly events, including the annual Bluedot Festival, which brings together live music and science workshops each July.

Pic du Midi, French Pyrenees(France)

There are few observatories in the world where you can eat a delicious dinner, spend the night stargazing before retiring to a comfortable cabin, then get up to watch the sun rise above the clouds. Getting to Pic du Midi is an adventure in its own right, involving a ride on two cable-cars up to 2,877m. Once there, guided astronomy sessions help kids discover Saturn and its rings, clusters of stars in deep space and solar flares on the sun's surface via some of the world's most powerful telescopes.

Mount Teide, Tenerife(Spain)

It's home to the largest solar observatory in the world, which sits at an altitude of 2,390m on Spain's highest mountain, the Teide volcano. Ride the cable-car up for a scientist-led tour, which includes the chance to observe the sun through portable solar telescopes. The special family visits include a fascinating science workshop exploring how observatory astrophysicists carry out their research.

I was a volunteer for an organisation at the beginning of this year. The organisation is aimed at helping children who suffer from cancer. One day, we were asked to raise money for cancer research and programme funding at an event.

Since my friend Lisa was also a volunteer for the organisation, I went to the event with her. There were many people at the event. After seeing our poster, some people came to us and talked with us. But few people donated money. It was a bit hot that day. Both Lisa and I got really upset.

Half an hour later, Lisa started complaining, "I don't think we can raise much money today. "

"Don't worry. The event lasts for three hours. There is still a lot of time left，" I said, though I also thought poorly of our plan to raise much money that day.

While Lisa and I were talking, a little boy of about eight years old came to us. He stood in front of our poster and started reading.

After a while, he asked, "What is cancer？"

I explained what cancer is. Then I said, "Many people around the world are suffering from cancer. It can be really dangerous. More research is needed to learn about it so that people with it can suffer less. That's why we're collecting money for it. "

"Do children suffer from cancer, too？" asked the boy.

"Yes. Many children suffer from cancer. Some of them may die. They need help. " Lisa said and I nodded.

Hearing that, the boy became sad. Then the boy asked, "How much money have you collected？"

Both Lisa and I were embarrassed to tell him that we didn't raise much money. At last, we said, "Not much. "

The boy looked into our donation container and only saw a few one-dollar and five-dollar bills. The boy said nothing after seeing that and left. Then some girls came to us and we started talking with them. Neither Lisa nor I thought the boy would return. However, about twenty minutes later, the boy did return. 

注意：1. 续写词数应为 150 左右；2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。

The boy happily ran to us and asked, "Would you take a donation from children？"

Both Lisa and I were deeply touched.

假定你是李华，你的英国朋友 James 来信提到自己在假期中通过打游戏放松身心，却感觉更加劳累，因此想询问你的建议。请你写一封回信，要点如下：1. 表达态度；2. 简要分析原因； 3. 你的建议。

注意：1. 词数 80 词左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear James,

Best wishes,

Li Hua

Karen is being praised for teaching her students a powerful emotional lesson that they will not soon forget. She has been teaching for decades, but her most recent class was apparently the most 1 class of her educational career.

For her sixth day of classes at Collinsville Middle School, she decided to try a new2 in empathy (共鸣) with her students called "The Baggage Activity".

Upon establishing that her classroom was a(an) 3  space for expression and respect, she asked what emotional baggage 4  to her students. She then asked them to write about some of their own — and 5  they were not required to put their names on the paper, they could describe their issues as 6  as they wanted.

The kids then read what their classmates wrote 7  , things like suicide, drugs in their family, cancer and on and on.

"The kids who read the papers would cry because what they were reading was 8 The person who shared would cry sometimes too. It was an emotionally draining day, but I firmly believe my kids will judge a little 9 love a little more and forgive a little faster." Loewe wrote in a social media post.

Since writing about her exercise on social media, her 10 has been shared widely. Teachers from all over the world have 11 out to her about performing similar activites in their own classrooms and their students have apparently been "so much more 12 " of each other.

Moreover, Karen kept all the paper confessions (坦白) in a plastic bag so that her students will 13  their exercise in empathy, which also reminds them that they all have 14  .

"We will leave it at the door. As they left, I told them they are not15 they are loved, and we have each other's support." said Loewe.

Within your family, are you the "boss", the "peacemaker", the "baby" or the "king"?

Firstborn — The "Boss"

First-time parents often have very high expectations for their eldest children.Firstborns tend to be natural leaders who respect and trust authority. Many astronauts and engineers are firstborn children.

Middle child — The "Peacemaker"

Typically, parents don't give middle children as much attention as the firstborn or the youngest. As a result, they are usually determined to achieve success in their own way. They don't like conflict and will try to avoid it. They are often realistic, independent, patient peacemakers and good communicators.

Youngest child — The "Baby"

By the time the youngest family member is born, most parents have loosened their rules. They often enjoy amusing others and being the center of attention. They are typically fun-loving, creative people who aren't afraid to question authority or take risks.

Only child — The "King of the Castle"

Life in the family of an only child often revolves around him or her. An only child enjoys learning from adults and is usually very clever for his or her age. Only children are creative and intelligent and can easily communicate with adults. They are typically confident, independent and very successful. What about you? Does the birth order description match your personality?

A. Thus, they tend to have more freedom.

B. That often causes them to feel they are ignored.

C. Early-born children experience a better social environment.

D. These kids don't have to share their toys or their parents' time.

E. Many researchers believe your position in the family influences your personality.

F. As a result, these kids are often responsible, organized, bossy, successful achievers. G. The relationships between birth order, personality, and behavior confuse many researchers.

When her five daughters were young, Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity (团结). To show this, she pick up one chopstick, taking it as one person. Then she easily broke it into two pieces. Next, she tied several chopsticks together, taking them as a family. She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks.

This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.

Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California. However, when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didn't have much money. They moved their family to San Francisco. There they joined Danny's mother, Diana, who owned a small Italian sandwich shop. Soon afterwards, Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant. The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young. However, Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.

Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves, but one by one, the daughters returned to work in the family business. They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful. Daughter Elisabeth explains, "Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity, and to have unity we must have peace. Without the strength of the family, there is no business."

With three generations of Ans working together, now the Ans' business makes more than $20 million each year. Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together. Now they are a big success.