相关试卷
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1、 阅读理解
Minimizing the environmental damage that new roads cause is generally regarded as a good thing. But to do that, it helps to understand just how new roads cause the damage of which they are accused.
Recently, a group of researchers led by Dr. Gonzalez conducted an experiment and proved that immigration is good for the health of animal populations. A road destroys only a small part of the habitat, thus destroying just a few local populations of creatures. So the argument that road-building itself is bad for biodiversity is not self-evidently correct. Those who nevertheless hold this view say that apparently separate local populations of animals are, in fact, parts of much larger populations connected via migration.
According to this theory, when a local population struggles to move about – because of an epidemic, for example – individuals from neighboring communities can fill the gaps.
The implications of the theory are straightforward. Cut local populations off from each other and each is more likely to disappear. And roads are good at doing just that. Testing the theory with experimental roads, however, would be expensive. Dr. Gonzalez's brainwave was to do the whole thing on a much smaller scale.
The team studied moss-covered rocks. On some rocks the researchers left the moss untouched; on others they made "roadways" across to leave the moss isolated. After waiting six months, they found that in the disturbed habitats nearly all the bug population had declined compared with undisturbed moss, and 40% of the species had become extinct.
The real test came in the second part of the experiment. In this, the researchers removed moss much as before, but they left narrow moss paths to bridge the no-bug's-land between islands. The islands with bridges did far better than isolated islands – a result that supports the notion that population exchange is necessary to keep an ecosystem healthy.
Whether these results can be translated to large-scale ecosystems remains uncertain. But if they can, they would cause more, not less, concern about the ecological effects of road-building. On the other hand, they also suggest a way out. In Britain, tunnels are often built under roads for animals of regular habits, such as badgers(獾), to be able to travel their traditional routes without having to fight with traffic. Extending that principle, perhaps special bridges might be a cheap way of letting man and nature rub along a bit better.
(1)、What's the main idea of the passage?A、Calling on us to stop building roads for a healthy ecosystem. B、Warning us of potential dangers of animal immigration. C、Informing us of the environmental damage caused by new roads. D、Suggesting a new way to avoid the damage caused by new roads.(2)、Dr. Gonzalez's experiment found that____.A、building roads is expensive B、immigration is good for animals C、roads cut off animal immigration D、tunnels should be built under roads(3)、How does the author present his point?A、By analyzing facts. B、By giving examples. C、By providing scientific findings. D、By comparing possible effects.(4)、According to the passage, which of the following statements will the writer agree with?A、The impact of road-building is not as serious as we thought. B、Road-building is beneficial to animal immigration. C、Environmental damage caused by road-building is still uncertain D、environmental damage caused by road-building might be lessened -
2、 阅读理解
One by one, prejudices are disappearing in the West. People may hold private suspicions that other people's race or sex makes them inferior—but to say so openly is totally taboo(禁忌). One old prejudice remains undisturbed, though. Just ask a childless person.
They are not charged to special taxes, as they were in Soviet Russia; nor are they driven from their homes, as they still are in some poor countries. The childless nonetheless come in for a lot of criticism. Some point out that non-parents are failing to produce the future workers who will pay for their pensions. Childless politicians are charged with not having a proper stake in society. "He talks to us about the future, but he doesn't have children!" complained Jean-Marie Le Pen, co-founder of the National Front party, of Emmanuel Macron, who went on to win the French presidency. Similar attacks on Theresa May and Angela Merkel also failed but researchers find that many voters quietly agree.
If non-breeders are selfish, they have a strange way of showing it. They are more likely to set up charitable foundations than people with children, and much more likely to donate money to good causes. According to one American estimate, the mere fact of not having children raises the amount a person leaves to charity by a little over $10,000. The childless are thus a small but useful counterweight to the world's parents, who stop social stability by passing on their social and economic advantages to their children.
The charge that childless people fail to pull their weight in population is correct, but is less serious than it appears. Those who do not have children do put pressure on public pension systems. Governments have to do unpopular things like making pensions less generous, as Japan has done, or accepting more immigrants, as some Western countries have done. But to sustain public pensions in the long term, countries do not actually need more parents. What they need instead is more babies. It is possible to combine a high rate of childlessness with a high birth rate, provided people who become parents have more than one or two children. That was the pattern in many Western countries a century ago. Ireland, yet another country with a childless leader, still manages it today.
The childless also do everyone else a favor by creating wonderful works of art. British novelists have been especially likely to have no offspring: think of Hilary Mantel, P.G Wodehouse and the Bronte sisters. In September last year Britain put Jane Austen on its ten-pound note. That decision was controversial, though it was hard to see why. Few people have written as shrewdly about money or about families even though Austen did not marry, and had no children.
(1)、What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?A、The childless often come under sharp criticism. B、Childlessness is to future workers' disadvantage. C、Many highly successful people have no children D、The childless politicians get attacked in society.(2)、The childless are prejudiced because people think the childless ____.A、have a strange way to show selfishness B、set a bad example for young people C、are not as generous as those with children D、are the government's financial burden(3)、What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 4 refer to?A、Accepting more immigrants. B、Reducing the pensions for the aged. C、Encouraging parents to have more children. D、Supporting the political leaders with no children.(4)、What is the best title for the passage?A、In defense of the childless. B、Prejudice against non-breeders. C、Why don't they have children? D、Measures to address childlessness. -
3、 阅读理解
Ms. McIntyre, 38, worked as a publisher. She suffered brain cancer and her health got worse despite some medical treatment. But she realized that in a way, she was luckier than some other people. She had insurance to help pay for her medical care. But Ms. McIntyre and her husband, Mr. Gregory, knew that many people with cancer face tough decisions because of the costs of medical care and wind up owing far more than they can pay.
Though her health was failing, Ms. McIntyre decided to help pay off the medical debts of as many people as she possibly could. The couple began donating money to a group called RIP Medical Debt, which is committed to working to pay off the unpaid medical debts of others. The group can pay off medical bills for about 100 times less money than they cost. In other words, for every 100 donated, the group can pay off 10,000 in unpaid medical bills.
Unfortunately, Ms. McIntyre passed away before long. Mr. Gregory posted a message for Ms. McIntyre on her social media accounts. "If you're reading this, I have passed away," the post began. Then the post explained, "To celebrate my life, I've arranged to buy up others' medical debts and then destroy the debts."
The couple had set up a page on a website to raise money for this purpose. They had hoped to raise about $20,000. Nevertheless, Ms. McIntyre's last post attracted a lot of attention. The donations on her web page quickly passed the total goal. In less than a week, the site had raised 10 times more than expected and the donations are still coming in. By November 22, 2023, Ms. McIntyre's web page had raised over $627,000, or enough money to pay off about $60 million in medical debts.
Mr. Gregory planned a special event in December to celebrate Ms. McIntyre's life and to announce how many millions of dollars of medical debts her efforts had paid for.
(1)、Why did Ms. McIntyre feel luckier than some other people?A、The doctors eventually cured her. B、Her disease didn't become worse. C、She had security about medical care. D、She had a decent job before being ill.(2)、How did Ms. McIntyre and her husband help others?A、By paying for their daily debts. B、By giving away money to them. C、By purchasing medical insurance for them. D、By ridding them of debts from treatments.(3)、What is paragraph 4 mainly about?A、The couple's anticipation. B、The public involvement. C、The operation of a website. D、The increase of medical debts.(4)、Which of the following words can best describe Ms. McIntyre?A、Influential and understanding. B、Humorous and elegant. C、Cautious and promising. D、Enthusiastic and adaptable. -
4、 阅读理解
Participating in art competitions is essential for students to gain formal recognition and impress college admission officers. Today, we have a list of art competitions on regional, national, and international scales.
EarthX Eco-Art Competition
It invites young artists aged 5-22 to create 2-D or 3-D art that illustrates the theme: Protectors for the Planet. The theme can be interpreted in various ways, including individuals taking action towards a more sustainable planet, or highlighting the efforts of environmental leaders working to sustain ecosystems.
Deadline: March 8, 2024
The Children's Drawing Contest
Sponsored by International Certification Organization Network, the contest, whose theme this year is "Passing on Our Precious Earth to The Future", invites children aged 7-15 worldwide to draw the kind of natural environment they would like to live in. 48 winners will receive special memorabilia. All entrants will receive a participation prize. Medium: Drawings with any type of paint, pastel, etc.
Deadline: May 31, 2024
Science without Borders Challenge
The competition is open to children and young people under the age of 16. We welcome entries from both groups and individuals to create art to promote public awareness of the need to preserve, protect, and restore nature. The theme is "The Sixth Extinction" and you can focus on the protection of endangered species. Acceptable media include paint, pencil, marker, crayon, ink, felt, and oil pastel.
Deadline: April 8, 2024
The Scholastic Art and Writing Awards
The Scholastic Art and Writing Awards, the longest-running literary and art competition in the US, provides opportunities and academic awards for creative young people to express their talent. The theme this year is "Tell Your Climate Story". Students in the 9th to 12th grades can submit poetry, fiction and nonfiction to show their understanding of environmental issues.
Deadline: June 10, 2024
(1)、 On which date can participants send their entries to EarthX Eco-Art Competition?A、May 6, 2024. B、March 15, 2024. C、April 5, 2024. D、February 19, 2024.(2)、Which competition best suits teenagers good at writing poems?A、EarthX Eco-Art Competition. B、The Children's Drawing Contest. C、Science without Borders Challenge. D、The Scholastic Art and Writing Awards.(3)、What do the four competitions have in common?A、They target students under the age of 20. B、They require participants to illustrate a story. C、They are about environmental protection. D、They only accept entries from individuals. -
5、 听材料,回答问题。(1)、What can visitors do at Science World?A、Do experiments. B、Experience space travel. C、Have a talk with scientists.(2)、When can visitors hear a talk about space travel?A、Next Monday. B、Next Wednesday. C、Next Saturday.(3)、What is next month's show about?A、Views. B、Parties. C、Computers.
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6、 听材料,回答问题。(1)、When was the man's flight scheduled to take off?A、At 7 a. m. B、At 9 a. m. C、At 11: 30 p. m.(2)、What did the man do after he missed the bus?A、He got to the airport by taxi. B、He stayed in a cafe for the night. C、He went back to the city by subway.(3)、Which of the following statements is true?A、The man missed his flight. B、The man changed his flight. C、The man was too early for his flight.(4)、What does the woman think of the man's trip?A、Exciting. B、Tiring. C、Adventurous.
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7、 听材料,回答问题。(1)、What is the conversation mainly about?A、The time spent online at work. B、The use of the Internet for work. C、The effect of time management online.(2)、Why does the man surf the Internet at work?A、To kill time. B、To help him relax. C、To talk with friends.(3)、What does the woman decide to do?A、Spend little time chatting online. B、Go on Facebook every day. C、Try to be more creative by browsing the Web.
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8、 听材料,回答问题。(1)、What is the good news the woman has got?A、They received the first shipment. B、Their company will be on the market. C、Their deal has been approved.(2)、Why would the woman set up a meeting?A、To arrange the task for the next week. B、To discuss the marketing plan. C、To meet some ad companies.(3)、Which way of advertising will the woman probably choose?A、TV. B、Radio. C、Brochures.
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9、 听材料,回答问题。(1)、How does the man find the Russian restaurant?A、It is too expensive. B、It is not easy to reach. C、The menu is too old.(2)、Why does the man prefer to eat at home?A、He's sick. B、He's a good cook. C、He can't stand eating out.
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10、Where does the conversation probably take place?A、In the subway. B、In the downtown area. C、On the main highway.
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11、 What is the man probably doing now?A、Giving a lecture. B、Refusing a request. C、Having a meeting.
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12、 Why are so many Africans studying in China?A、To learn skills. B、To make money. C、To spread African cultures.
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13、 How's the weather at the weekend?A、Fine. B、Rainy. C、Terrible.
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14、 What is the man looking for?A、A newspaper. B、An advertisement. C、A job.
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15、 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It had been a challenging but rewarding term, filled with hard work and a thirst for knowledge. As I handed in my final assignment and saw it was graded A, a sense of pride and satisfaction washed over me. Little did I know that my accomplishments had not gone unnoticed by my families, who had been closely observing my progress.
At the first day of summer vacation, my mother told me excitedly that we would pay a visit to Marco the next day to cheer for my progress in academic study. When I got the good news, I felt on top of the world and could not hold back my high spirits. As I lay in bed that night, a mix of anticipation and delight welled up in my heart, and I slid into a dream-filled sleep, eagerly awaiting the arrival of the coming adventure.
After we arrived in Marco, my parents said that we would first visit the Marco tower. Marco Tower, built in the late 19th century, is a historic landmark that showcases the rich architectural heritage of the city. It is also considered one of the top tourist attractions in the region. Upon hearing the inspiring news, I bounced up and down with joy. But then I felt a bit uneasy because of my fear of heights.
Inside the lift, my palms grew sweaty as the anxiety consumed me. I paced back and forth in the tower lift, unsure of whether I would have the courage. After the lift reached the specific floor, I gasped (倒吸一口气) in horror. The floor here was made of glass, so one could appreciate the height of the tower and take a real adventure. Seeing my family both take out their phones to shoot the grand views, I felt under pressure. Then my mother smiled at me and said delightedly, "Just take it easy and you can do it."
注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I didn't know whether to stay or not.
……
I was totally struck by the height of the tower.
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16、 为了让学生更深入了解中国古诗词,你代表学生参加你校学生会举办的题为"我眼中的中国古诗"演讲比赛。内容包括:1. 简要介绍古诗:2. 欣赏古诗的方法和学习古诗的感悟;3. 期盼。
注意:(1)写作词数为80词左右:(2)可适当加入细节,使内容充实、行文连贯;
Dear fellow students,
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Thanks for your listening!
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17、 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
"Cold the iron chains spanning over the Dadu River," Chairman Mao Zedong wrote in a poem, describing the do-or-die battle which took place on the Luding Bridge. The Bridge, (measure) 103.67 meters in length and 3 meters in width, is located in Sichuan Province, which was(original) built in 1705 during the Qing Dynasty. Near the Luding Bridge considered a historical landmark(stand) a museum, in front ofthere is a bronze statue of the soldiers whose spirit makes the bridge a household name.
Over 80 years ago, the bridge was crucial to the survival of the CPC-led Red Army during the Long March because if the soldiers had failed to dash through the Luding Bridge then, the Red Army might have been wiped out. Upon their (arrive), the Red Army found only thirteen heavy iron chains left across the river.no time to waste, one by one the Red soldiers ventured forward to risk their lives and of those who offered themselves, thirty were chosen. Though several soldiers fell intofast-flowing river, the others crawled along the wood boards they (lay) until they finally took control of the east bank.
Probably never before had people seen fighters like these — men for whom soldiering was not just a rice bowl, but a mission. They astonishingly accomplished seemed like a task impossible and their(courage) spirit will always stick in our mind.
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18、 阅读下面短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My mother has always been one of those rare people that sees the good in everyone and does good things "just because". Life hasn't always been kind to her; she lost my oldest sister to leukemia (白血病) in 1963 and my father in 2007 after nearly 51 years of marriage.
She's had her ups and downs but has always 1 a positive, sunny outlook on life and been very 2 to people.
One day, my little sister fell and hurt her ankle, desperately needing a 3 to the hospital emergency room. My mother immediately 4 into crisis mode, packed my sister into the car, and drove to our local hospital. In such a 5 , my mother didn't call to tell my father. When she got to the hospital, she realized she needed to 6 with my father immediately.
While waiting for my sister to be examined, my mother 7 her way to the pay phone to place her call. She put her coin in, called my father and told him everything. After she hung up, the phone 8 several additional coins that Mom wasn't owed.
Realizing that the phone was 9 , my mother decided to leave the 10 coins by the phone. She told us that in a crisis, people might not remember to bring 11 with them to make that emergency call.
I've often thought about her 12 from an adult's perspective I realize that someone seeing the money by he phone may have 13 taken it because not everyone was as 14 as my mother. But I like to believe that my mother's faith was 15 and that someone who needed them found the coins waiting there.
(1)A 、 tolerated B 、 anticipated C 、 maintained D 、 expressed(2)A 、 patient B 、 helpful C 、 honest D 、 polite(3)A 、 rest B 、 stay C 、 lift D 、 visit(4)A 、 shifted B 、 cut C 、 looked D 、 stuck(5)A 、 way B 、 rush C 、 relief D 、 process(6)A 、 keep in line B 、 got in touch C 、 make up D 、 make an appointment(7)A 、 felt B 、 made C 、 picked D 、 gave(8)A 、 returned B 、 found C 、 collected D 、 charged(9)A 、 smart B 、 ready C 、 broken D 、 convenient(10)A 、 different B 、 ancient C 、 rare D 、 extra(11)A 、 change B 、 phones C 、 luck D 、 chances(12)A 、 opportunity B 、 decision C 、 appointment D 、 encounter(13)A 、 obviously B 、 suddenly C 、 simply D 、 gradually(14)A 、 thoughtful B 、 grateful C 、 hopeful D 、 successful(15)A 、 hard-won B 、 newly-built C 、 well-placed D 、 deeply-rooted -
19、 阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
My, what a big beak you have!
For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help to make the effects of a warmer world less harmful. In a paper published in Trends & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, shows that is already. happening. Climate change is already changing the bodies of many animal species: bigger beaks (喙), limbs and ears.
In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10%since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern..
All that is perfectly consistent with evolutionary (进化) theory, "Allen's rule". Allen suggested it in 1877, holding that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger body parts than those in temperate (温带的) regions.Being richly filled with blood vessels (血管), and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat.
Ms. Ryding examined museum specimens (标本) to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical (解剖学的) changes. All sorts of other factors might have been driving the changes. Her team combined data from different species in different places. They have little in common apart from living on a warming planet..
For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go.
A. Therefore, climate change is the most reasonable explanation.
B. That may change as warming accelerates (加速).
C. Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviors.
D. It seems that the future world is going to be hotter than humans are used to.
E. Therefore, the negative effects of a warmer world are visible in these animals' bodies.
F. Such adaptations boost an animal's surface area relative to its body, helping it to release extra heat.
G. Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species of mice and bats evolving bigger ears, legs and wings.
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20、 阅读理解
The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connect ion between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
As adults, we face a version(版本) of the marshmallow test every day. We're not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism(机制) to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we've reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining (获取) calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch(不匹配) is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist (抵抗) tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat.
A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative (有重大影响的) environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized (高度重视) new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now endlessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful (深思熟虑的) about our caloric consumption (热量消耗), we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental "junk food" in order to manage our time most effectively.
(1)、What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel's test?A、Take an examination alone. B、Show respect for the researchers. C、Share their treats with others. D、Delay eating for fifteen minutes.(2)、According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ____.A、the calorie-poor world and our good appetites B、the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs C、the rich food supply and our unchanged brains D、the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit(3)、What does the author suggest readers do?A、Absorb new information readily (欣然地). B、Use diverse information sources. C、Be selective information consumers. D、Protect the information environment.(4)、Which of the following is the best title for the text?A、Eat Less, Read More B、The Bitter Truth about Early Humans C、The Marshmallow Test for Grownups D、The Marshmallow Test for Children.